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DG Communication – Development of Object Models and Related Standards
Clemson, SC, March 10, 2005
Dr. Alexander Apostolov
AREVA T&D Automation
> DER IEC61850 Object Models2
Introduction
IEC 61850 is now an approved international standard
It allows the extension of the modelling concept to cover different domains and applications
The successful implementation requires good understanding of the principles of the standard and the specifics of the domain
> DER IEC61850 Object Models3
Distributed Energy Resources
> DER IEC61850 Object Models4
Objects An object is “.. a thing that can be seen and touched;
material thing that occupies space .. “.
Webster New World Dictionary of the American Language
In object-oriented design (OOD) an object is an abstraction of real world entities and functions in a problem domain.
Problem Domain is the application or process that is being modeled by Object Oriented representation (Classes and Objects) – power system protection and control.
Objects are encapsulated — that is, they contain both their code and their data, making them more easier to maintain
> DER IEC61850 Object Models5
Classes and Objects
A class is a template for the creation of objects, the description of one or more objects with the same definitions for information and behavior.
An object is defined as an instance of a class Objects represent information and behavior :
properties (or components, attributes) Data that describe an object
services (or methods, and events) Methods are things you can tell the object to do Events are things the object does
> DER IEC61850 Object Models6
Classes and Objects
> DER IEC61850 Object Models7
Substation Communications Architecture
Substation Computer
IED IED IED
Switch
Substation HMI
Router
IED IED IED IED
Switch
SCADA Master
WAN
> DER IEC61850 Object Models8
DER System Communications Architecture
IED
Switch
Analysts
WAN
Substation 1
Substation 2
Substation i
Substation j
SubstationGateway
EMS
SCADA ServerISD
EMS
Traders
IED IED
IED
DERDER
DER
DER
DER
> DER IEC61850 Object Models9
Function Definitions
Functions in the substation are performed by the protection, control, monitoring and recording system.
A function can be divided into sub-functions and functional elements.
The functional elements are the smallest parts of a function that can exchange data.
These functional elements in IEC 61850 are called Logical Nodes
> DER IEC61850 Object Models10
Logical Node Groups
System Logical Nodes LN Group: L
Logical Nodes for protection functions LN Group: P
Logical Nodes for protection related functions LN Group: R
Logical Nodes for control LN Group: C
Logical nodes for generic references LN Group: G
Logical Nodes for interfacing and archiving LN Group: I
Logical Nodes for automatic control LN Group: A
> DER IEC61850 Object Models11
Logical Node Groups
Logical Nodes for metering and measurement LN Group: M
Logical Nodes for sensors and monitoring LN Group: S
Logical Nodes for switchgear LN Group: X
Logical Nodes for instrument transformers LN Group: T
Logical Nodes for power transformers LN Group: Y
Logical Nodes for further power system equipment LN Group: Z
Logical Nodes for Distributed Energy Resources LN Group: D
> DER IEC61850 Object Models12
Logical Nodes Group D
DER Controller DRCT
DER generator Ratings DRAT
DER Generator DRGN
Synchronization DSYN
Inverter DINV
Diesel Engine DIES
Fuel cell DFCL
Photovoltaics DRPV
> DER IEC61850 Object Models13
Logical Nodes Group D
Fuel Systems DFUL
Battery Systems DBAT
Environmental Conditions ENVR
Heat System DHET
Contractual Parameters DCCT
> DER IEC61850 Object Models14
Logical Nodes Information Categories
> DER IEC61850 Object Models15
Functional Constraints
The property of DataAttribute that shows its use is a Functional Constraint (FC).
Some more commonly used are:
CO – control
SP – set point
CF – configuration
DC – description
SG – setting group
MX – measurements
> DER IEC61850 Object Models16
Object Hierarchy
Server
Logical Device
Logical Device
Logical Device
Logical Node
Logical Node
Logical Node
Data Data Data
Data Attribute
Data Attribute
Data Attribute
> DER IEC61850 Object Models17
Nested DataAttributes
DATAInstance
DataAttr
DataAttr
DAComp
DAComp
DAComp
DAComp
> DER IEC61850 Object Models18
Data path example
MMXU1.A.phsB.cVal.mag.f
MMXU1: instance of LN class MMXU defined in Part 7-4
A: instantiation of the Composite DATA class WYE (defined in 7-3)
phsB: value of the current in phase B as a Simple Common DATA class of
type CMV (defined in 7-3 )
cVal: is the complex value of the current in phase B (of the Common
DataAttribute type Vector)
mag: this object represents the magnitude of the complex value (type
AnalogValue - defined in 7-3)
f is a DataAttributeComponent which is of the basic type FLOATING POINT
(defined in 7-2)
> DER IEC61850 Object Models19
Common data classes for measurand information
Measured value (MV)
Complex measured value (CMV)
Sampled value (SAV)
WYE
Delta (DEL)
Sequence (SEQ)
Harmonic value (HMV)
Harmonic value for WYE (HWYE)
Harmonic value for Delta (HDEL)
> DER IEC61850 Object Models20
Metering and Measurement Logical Nodes
Differential measurements Name: MDIF Harmonics or interharmonics Name: MHAI Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics
Name: MHAN Metering Name: MMTR Non phase related Measurement Name: MMXN Measurement Name: MMXU Sequence & imbalance Name: MSQI
Metering Statistics Name: MSTA
> DER IEC61850 Object Models21
Measured values attributes in MMXU
Name Type DescriptionPPV DEL Phase to phase voltagesPhV WYE Phase to ground voltagesA WYE Phase currentsW WYE Phase active power (P)VAr WYE Phase reactive power (Q)VA WYE Phase apparent power (S)TotW MV Total Active Power (Total P)TotVAr MV Total Reactive Power (Total Q)TotVA MV Total Apparent Power (Total S)TotPF MV Average Power factor (Total PF)Hz MV FrequencyPF WYE Phase power factorZ WYE Phase Impedance
> DER IEC61850 Object Models22
Measurements Object MMXU
> DER IEC61850 Object Models23
Logical Nodes Data
> DER IEC61850 Object Models24
Setting Data
> DER IEC61850 Object Models25
Overcurrent Protection LN PTOC
> DER IEC61850 Object Models26
Setting Attributes
> DER IEC61850 Object Models27
Services
> DER IEC61850 Object Models28
Services
control devices (Operate service or by multicast trip signals) (1)
fast and reliable peer-to-peer exchange of status information (tripping or blocking) (2)
reporting of any set of data (data attributes), SoE – cyclic and event triggered (3)
logging and retrieving of any set of data (data attributes) – cyclic and event triggered (4)
substitution (5)
> DER IEC61850 Object Models29
Services
handling and setting of parameter setting groups
transmission of sampled values from sensors,
time synchronisation,
file transfer,
online configuration (6), and
retrieving the selfdescription of a device (7)
> DER IEC61850 Object Models30
IED Functional Hierarchy
Multifunctional
IED
DeviceIdentit
y
Over-current
Ground Definite time #1
Pickup Value
Function
Function
Phase
Negat. Seq.
Inverse time
Instant.
Time delay
Directio-nality
Minimum
Maximum
Step
Function
Control
Sub-FunctionControl
IED Functional Hierarchy
> DER IEC61850 Object Models31
Substation Functional Hierarchy
PD2
LNn
LD1
F2
PD1
LN4
LNn
LD1
F1
F3
LN1
LN2
LN3
LN4
LN1
LN2
LN3
> DER IEC61850 Object Models32
IED Functional Hierarchy
Substation Computer
IED IED IED IED
CT VT CT VT
Station Bus
Process Bus
Station Bus Mappings (8-1)
Layered Mapping (TCP/IP)
GOOSE/GSSE (Link)
Time Sync (SNTP)
Process Bus Mappings (9-1,9-2)
Sampled Values (Link)
GOOSE/GSSE (Link)
Time Sync (SNTP)
> DER IEC61850 Object Models33
Logical Interfaces
Technical Services
Remote control (NCC)
CONTR. PROT.
FCT. A FCT. B
PROT. CONTR.
Sensors Actuators
BAY/UNIT LEVEL
STATION LEVEL
PROCESS LEVEL
HV Equipment
Remote protection
Process Interface
1,6
3 3
9
8
1,6
2 2
4,54,5
710
Remote protection
> DER IEC61850 Object Models34
Logical Interfaces
IF1: protection-data exchange between bay and station level
IF2: protection-data exchange between bay level and remote protection
IF3: data exchange within bay level
IF4: CT and VT instantaneous data exchange (especially samples) between process and bay level
IF5: control-data exchange between process and bay level
> DER IEC61850 Object Models35
Logical Interfaces
IF6: control-data exchange between bay and station level
IF7: data exchange between substation (level) and a remote engineer’s workplace
IF8: direct data exchange between the bays especially for fast functions like interlocking
IF9: data exchange within station level
IF10: control-data exchange between substation (devices) and a remote control center
> DER IEC61850 Object Models36
High-Speed Peer-to-Peer Communications
Generic Substation Event (GSE)
Based upon the asynchronous reporting of an IED’s functional elements status to other peer devices enrolled to receive it during the configuration stages of the substation integration process
Used to replace the hard wired control signal exchange between IED’s for interlocking and protection purposes
Mission sensitive, time critical and must be highly reliable.
> DER IEC61850 Object Models37
GSE Messages:
GSSE and GOOSE
Status/State Oriented
Event ID
Event Time
Higher Reliability
Periodic Refresh
Automatic Reset
Sequence Count
> DER IEC61850 Object Models38
Addressing Modes
Unicast communication takes place over the network between a single sending IED and a single receiving IED. The Destination Address identifies a unique device that will receive the Ethernet frame.
Multicast is the addressing mode in which a given frame is targeted to a group of logically related IEDs. In this case the Destination Address is the Multicast Address, also called a "group" address.
> DER IEC61850 Object Models39
Addressing Modes
Broadcast is the mode when an IED is sending a frame to all devices connected to the substation network.
The Destination Address in this case is a Broadcast Address - a multicast address identifying the group of all devices on a network - all 1 bits.
The Broadcast Domain includes all network segments joined together by bridges.
> DER IEC61850 Object Models40
Measuring Functions Decomposition
IARC IHMI
MMTR MMXU
TVTR TCTR
SubstationLevel
BayLevel
ProcessLevel
> DER IEC61850 Object Models41
Multifunctional IED Object Model
Server
LD1
LD2
LD3
LD4
LD5
LD6
> DER IEC61850 Object Models42
Multifunctional IED Object Model
Server
LN1
LN2
LN3
LN4
LNn
LD1
> DER IEC61850 Object Models43
Multifunctional IED Object Model
PQM IED
LN(i)
MMXU1
LD1
MMTR1
MMHI1
MSTA1
MMXU2
MMHI2
MSTA2
HV
MV
hv
mv
> DER IEC61850 Object Models44
Configuration File