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DFO's Wild Salmon Policy: The Challenge
of Moving from Monitoring to
Management Action
Smithers, BC
March 14, 2007
Why a Wild Salmon Policy?
• Concern for reduced abundance and diversity of Pacific salmon and habitat loss
• New legislation and policy
• Obligations to First Nations
• Marine Stewardship Certification
• Need for a common vision.
Managefisheries for sustainable
benefits
Safeguard thegenetic diversity ofwild Pacific salmon
2) Assessment of habitat status
1) Standardized monitoring of wild salmon status
3) Inclusion of ecosystem values and monitoring
Maintain habitat and ecosystem
integrity
Restore and maintain healthy and diverse salmon populations and their habitats for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of Canada in perpetuity
Goal
Objectives
Strategies
Conservation of wild salmon and
their habitat is the highest priority
Honour Obligations
to First Nations
Sustainable Use
Guiding Principles
4) Integrated strategic planning
5) Annual program delivery
WSP Overview
6) Performance Review
Open Process
• Identify the unit of biodiversity to conserve: the Conservation Unit (CU)
• Develop preliminary list of CUs
• Develop Indicators and Benchmarks
• Develop Stock Assessment Framework
Strategy 1 – Monitoring Salmon Status
How to Identify CUs?- Proposed Approach
Step 1 Taxonomy
Step 2 Glacial History
Life Histories(the diversity you see)
Local knowledge
Ecology(“adaptive landscape”)
Geography (physical limits to exchange)
Molecular Genetics(hidden diversity)
Step 3
Conservation Units
Unique Ocean Zones (boxes) and associated watersheds (coloured)
QC Sound-Hecate Strait
Alaska Downwelling
Arctic Ocean
Bering Sea
SE Alaskan Fjords
Nass-Skeena Estuary
Outer QCI
Dixon Entrance
GeorgiaStrait
Coastal OR-WA
QC Strait – Johnstone Str – S Fjords
VCI Coastal Current Puget Sound
Describe the adaptive environment of pink, chum, and ocean (river) type sockeye
Each zone has at least one CU
13 ocean zones in BC, 12 with anadromous salmon
Ecology - Ocean Zones
Ecology – Freshwater Zones
26 freshwater zones with anadromous salmon in BC
NC
NC
NC
Teslin HWYukon HW
AlsekTaku
Lower Stikine
Nass
Haida Gwaii
Bella Coola
Rivers-Smith SC
WVI
EVI
Boundary Bay
Lower Fraser
Okanagan
Lower Thompson
S Thompson
N Thompson
Middle FraserUpper Fraser
Middle Skeena
Lower Skeena
Upper Skeena
Lower Liard
Lillooet
Joint Adaptive Zones
Taku
Teslin HW
Middle Skeena
Upper Skeena
Upper Fraser
Lower Thompson
N Thompson
S Thompson
MiddleFraser
Okanagan
Boundary Bay
EVINEVI
NWVI
WVI
Yukon HW
Nass
Coastal 3-4-5
Alsek
NCE-Haida Gwaii
W-Haida Gwaii
N-Haida Gwaii
Lower Liard
MI Lillooet
SC
Rivers-Smith
Bella Coola
Lower Skeena
Lower Fraser
Lower Stikine
SE AK Fjords
33 joint adaptive zones with anadromous salmon in BC
Adaptive zones & FN Linguistic boundaries
Benchmarks
Benchmarks
Reporting CU Status
Progress to date ….• Habitat requirements for different life history types
documented• Developed two-tiered approach using PRESSURE and
STATE indicators• Developed preliminary list of habitat indicators
What's next…• Finalize, refine and pilot indicators • Development of monitoring framework including web-
based information system
Strategy 2 – Habitat Status
• Stream length channelization/floodplain alienation • Stream length riparian zone alteration• Road density• % watershed area conversion to various land uses
(e.g. forestry, agriculture, urban)• % watershed area impervious surface• % wetlands loss• Water abstraction (quantity, timing)
Ranked stream habitat Pressure indicators
• Habitat Quantity: #Km fish accessible stream length, #Ha fish accessible off-channel habitat
• Stream discharge • Channel stability • Water temperature • Water chemistry parameters • LWD, Instream cover• Sediment load
Ranked stream habitat Status indicators
• Pressure• Road density, % riparian zone altered• % watershed impervious surface area• % water-shed area various land cover alterations• % lake foreshore altered, recreational pressure.
• Status• Accessible shore length, barriers;• Accessible off-channel habitat area• Temp, water chem. (nutrients, D.O., pH, conductivity,
contaminant)• Sediment/substrate
Potential Lake Indicators
• Pressure• % surface area disturbed off-shore/in-shore• % shoreline altered• Invasives, shipping traffic
• Status• Eel-grass, marine riparian vegetation• Spatial distribution of wetlands and mudflats• Flux of detrital organic matter (C,N,P)• Accessible off-channel habitat area• Estuarine habitat area, sediment, TSS• Pathogens, water chemistry, aquatic invertebrates
Potential Estuarine Indicators
Progress to date ….
• Reviewed potential indicators to monitor status of freshwater ecosystems (PFRCC assisted)
• Consulted on approaches to incorporating ecosystem values
What's next…
• Convene Workshop/Panel to develop integrated framework
• Pilot monitoring program
• Review of trends in marine survival of salmon
Strategy 3 – Ecosystem Monitoring
• Develop long term strategic plans for CUs
• Requires right governance structure for fisheries marine use and land-use planning.
• Requires right planning approach
Strategy 4 – Strategic Planning
1.Identify planning priorities
2.Identify resource management options and alternative management strategies
3.Establish biological, social and economic performance indicators
4.Assess the likely impacts of management alternatives
5.Select the preferred management alternative
5-Step Planning Approach
1. Mechanism for shared delivery of ecosystem monitoring and management – balkanization
2.Development of effective and affordable habitat/ecosystem indicators
3.Capacity to develop appropriate social and economic indicators
4. Integration/sharing of data over multiple levels of government
Challenges
5. Lack of governance structure for integrated planning of oceans, fisheries and watersheds: considering scale based fisheries commission/sustainability roundtable
6. Engagement of First Nations and appropriate approach to ATK/TEK
7. Water
Challenges
A Small Wind ?
• A results-based ecosystem monitoring program delivered by all 4 levels of government, industry, NGOs and volunteers
• A scale-based sustainability round table that brings regulators and community perspectives together to advise initially and ultimately co-manage resources. Interagency committee + BV CRB
• A joint technical committee that supports the roundtable and provides integrated data/information and analyis.
Vision