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D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
1
The paper was inspired by lastThe paper was inspired by last::SheldonSheldon L.L. GlashowGlashow and Andy Cohen and Andy Cohen
A Sinister Extension of the A Sinister Extension of the Standard Model to Standard Model to
SU(3)XSU(2)XSU(2)XU(1)SU(3)XSU(2)XSU(2)XU(1) in in
hep-ph/0504287hep-ph/0504287
4th Leptons and Quarks4th Leptons and Quarksin a Sinister Universein a Sinister Universe
ororTeraLeptons TeraLeptons Shadows over Shadows over
Sinister Sinister UniverseUniverse
by D.Fargion and M.Khlopovby D.Fargion and M.Khlopov
in hep-ph/0507087in hep-ph/0507087
2D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Sinister model solving Sea Sinister model solving Sea saw and Dark Matter saw and Dark Matter
ProblemsProblems
3D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Abstract Abstract The role of Sinister Heavy Fermions in recent The role of Sinister Heavy Fermions in recent
Glashow's SU(3)*SU(2)*SU(2)'*U(1) model is to offer Glashow's SU(3)*SU(2)*SU(2)'*U(1) model is to offer in a unique frame relic Helium-like products (an in a unique frame relic Helium-like products (an ingenious candidate to the dark matter puzzle), a ingenious candidate to the dark matter puzzle), a solution to the See-Saw mechanism for light neutrino solution to the See-Saw mechanism for light neutrino masses as well as to strong CP violation problem in masses as well as to strong CP violation problem in QCD. Their mass are million times larger than QCD. Their mass are million times larger than common onescommon ones
The Sinister model requires a three additional The Sinister model requires a three additional families of leptons and quarks, but only the lightest of families of leptons and quarks, but only the lightest of them Heavy U-quark and E-"electron" are stable.them Heavy U-quark and E-"electron" are stable.
U
E
4D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Final neutral Helium-like UUUEE Final neutral Helium-like UUUEE state is an ideal evanescent dark-state is an ideal evanescent dark-
matter candidate.matter candidate.
5D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Why Tera-helium is a good Why Tera-helium is a good Dark Matter gas?Dark Matter gas?
Teraparticles do not have normal W and Z Teraparticles do not have normal W and Z interactions and do not contribute into SM interactions and do not contribute into SM parameters, so they can not be excluded by parameters, so they can not be excluded by precision measurements of SM parametersprecision measurements of SM parameters
CP' symmetry of Glashow’s model helps to CP' symmetry of Glashow’s model helps to solve strong CP violation problem in QCD.solve strong CP violation problem in QCD.
Tera-neutrino is unstable, because it gives Tera-neutrino is unstable, because it gives Dirac see-saw mass to normal neutrino.Dirac see-saw mass to normal neutrino.
UUU as the new form of hadron - bound by UUU as the new form of hadron - bound by ChromoCoulomb forces. It's size is about ChromoCoulomb forces. It's size is about 1/alpha_QCD m_U about 10^-16 cm and it 1/alpha_QCD m_U about 10^-16 cm and it weakly interacts with hadrons.weakly interacts with hadrons.
6D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
However UUUEE it is reached by multi-body However UUUEE it is reached by multi-body interactions along a tail of more manifest interactions along a tail of more manifest
secondary frozen blocks in analogy to He,Li,D. secondary frozen blocks in analogy to He,Li,D. They should be now here polluting the matterThey should be now here polluting the matter..
7D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Tera Leptons in Glashow’s Tera Leptons in Glashow’s Sinister UniverseSinister Universe
Moreover, in opposition to almost effective pair Tera-Quark U Moreover, in opposition to almost effective pair Tera-Quark U annihilations (like common proton-anti-proton), there is no such annihilations (like common proton-anti-proton), there is no such an early or late Tera-Lepton pairs suppressions, because:an early or late Tera-Lepton pairs suppressions, because:
a) electromagnetic interactions are "weaker" than nuclear ones a) electromagnetic interactions are "weaker" than nuclear ones because their coupling is smaller and mainly because the cross because their coupling is smaller and mainly because the cross sections is proportional to inverse square Tera-Lepton Mass sections is proportional to inverse square Tera-Lepton Mass
b) helium ion 4He++ is able b) helium ion 4He++ is able
to attract and capture,to attract and capture,
E-, fixing it into a hybridE-, fixing it into a hybrid
tera helium "ion" trap.tera helium "ion" trap.
This takes place during the firstThis takes place during the first
few minutes of the Universefew minutes of the Universe
8D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Why Grave Shadows over Why Grave Shadows over thethe
Sinister universe?Sinister universe? The helium ion 4He++ capture of E- leads to a pile The helium ion 4He++ capture of E- leads to a pile
up of relic (4HeE)+ traces, a lethal compound for up of relic (4HeE)+ traces, a lethal compound for any Sinister Universe.any Sinister Universe.
This capture leaves no Tera-Lepton frozen in Ep This capture leaves no Tera-Lepton frozen in Ep relic (otherwise an ideal catalyzer to achieve relic (otherwise an ideal catalyzer to achieve effective late E+E- annihilations possibly saving the effective late E+E- annihilations possibly saving the model).model).
The (4HeE)+ Coulomb screening is also avoiding The (4HeE)+ Coulomb screening is also avoiding the synthesis of the desired UUUEE hidden dark the synthesis of the desired UUUEE hidden dark matter gas. The e(4HeE)+ behave chemically like matter gas. The e(4HeE)+ behave chemically like an anomalous hydrogen isotope.an anomalous hydrogen isotope.
Also tera-positronium (eE+) relics are over-Also tera-positronium (eE+) relics are over-abundant and they behave like an anomalous abundant and they behave like an anomalous hydrogen atom:hydrogen atom:
9D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Consequences and Consequences and ShadowsShadows
these hydrogen-like gases do not fit these hydrogen-like gases do not fit by many orders of magnitude known by many orders of magnitude known severe bounds on hydrogen severe bounds on hydrogen anomalous isotope, making grave anomalous isotope, making grave shadows over a Sinister Universe.shadows over a Sinister Universe.
However a surprising and resolver However a surprising and resolver role for Tera-Pions in UHECR role for Tera-Pions in UHECR astrophysics has been revealed.astrophysics has been revealed.
10D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Masses of Tera Quark-Masses of Tera Quark-LeptonsLeptons
11D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Brief History of Sinister Brief History of Sinister UniverseUniverse
12D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Later Tera-Particle Later Tera-Particle evolutionevolution
13D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Why U- Anti U AnnihilateWhy U- Anti U Annihilate
14D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Why Tera Lepton do not Why Tera Lepton do not annihilateannihilate
15D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
First Second RelicsFirst Second Relics
17D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
The anomalous hydrogen The anomalous hydrogen relicrelic
18D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
A surprising Role of Tera A surprising Role of Tera Pions in UHECRPions in UHECR
19D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Novel Candidate To Novel Candidate To UHECRUHECR
A different and more exciting role may come A different and more exciting role may come from the Tera-Hadron UHE secondary of the from the Tera-Hadron UHE secondary of the top-down UHECR source: the birth of neutral top-down UHECR source: the birth of neutral Tera-Mesons U-anti-u and u-anti-U.Tera-Mesons U-anti-u and u-anti-U.
Contrary to early Universe, where there is Contrary to early Universe, where there is enough time and hard dense matter to enough time and hard dense matter to proceed in the very complex cooking of Tera-proceed in the very complex cooking of Tera-Hadrons relics summarized in present article, Hadrons relics summarized in present article, tera quarks born by UHECR source escape tera quarks born by UHECR source escape mostly as neutral U-Anti-u and u-Anti-U. mostly as neutral U-Anti-u and u-Anti-U.
20D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
The Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cut-off
Ultra High Energy Nucleons may produce pions on the 2.75 K BBR
nucleon
-resonance
multi-pion production
pair production energy loss
pion production energy loss
pion production rate
sources must be nearby (Local SuperCluster)Or Neutrino Mediated (Z- Shower Model)Or Lorentz symmetry breaking.
eV1044
2 192
th
mmm
E N
21D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
THE UHECR puzzle: THE UHECR puzzle: Isotropy –Homogeneity- BL Isotropy –Homogeneity- BL
Lac correlationLac correlation
22D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Motivated by possible correlations of UHECR with high redshift objects: Gorbunov et al 2002 HIRES 2005
If this is confirmed, one can only think of 3 possibilities:
1.) Neutrino primaries but Standard Model interaction probability in atmosphere is ~10-5.
resonant (Z0) secondary production on massive relic neutrinos: needs extreme parameters and huge neutrino fluxes.
2.) New heavy neural (SUSY) hadron X0: m(X0) > mN increases GZK cut-off threshold. but basically ruled out by constraints from accelerator experiments.
3.) New weakly interacting light (keV-MeV) neutral particle electromagnetic coupling small enough to avoid GZK effect; hadronic coupling large enough to allow normal air showers: very tough to do.
BUT now Neutral Tera Pion maybe the source
strong interactions above ~1TeV: only moderate neutrino fluxes required.
Neutrino-nucleon cross section within the Standard Model
The Z-burst (and novel Sneutrino-Burst) Model made by Neutrino relic-UHE neutrino Fargon, Salis,Mele ApJ 1999; Weiler and ;Yoshida-Sigl A Z-boson is produced at the
neutrino resonance energy
mE
eVeV 104 21res
“Visible” decay products haveenergies 10-40 times smaller.Main problems of this scenario:
* sources have to accelerate upto ~1023eV.
* -rays emitted from the sourcesand produced by neutrinosduring propagation tend to over-produce diffuse background inGeV regime.
New Particles and New Interactions
23D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Tera Pions escaping GZK:Tera Pions escaping GZK:
These hybrid pions are very exceptional candidates These hybrid pions are very exceptional candidates to UHECR because two surprising abilities.to UHECR because two surprising abilities.
The first is that they interact hadronically with The first is that they interact hadronically with matter. This may imply a high altitude atmosphere matter. This may imply a high altitude atmosphere interaction on Earth in agreement with the interaction on Earth in agreement with the observed UHECR fluorescence light curve.observed UHECR fluorescence light curve.
The second ability is a very smart interaction The second ability is a very smart interaction with radiation: indeed while the photo-pion with radiation: indeed while the photo-pion production with matter takes place as for all the production with matter takes place as for all the common nucleons (either proton or neutrons),common nucleons (either proton or neutrons),
the threshold in the "center of mass frame" for the threshold in the "center of mass frame" for tera-pions is much higher.tera-pions is much higher.
24D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Are UHECR meta-stable Are UHECR meta-stable Tera Neutral Pions?Tera Neutral Pions?
The photo-pion production for neutrons onto The photo-pion production for neutrons onto the 2.75 K^o BBR begins at Lorentz factor the 2.75 K^o BBR begins at Lorentz factor 4 10^{10} and energy E = 4 10^{19} eV 4 10^{10} and energy E = 4 10^{19} eV while for a corresponding Lorentz factor the while for a corresponding Lorentz factor the Hybrid Tera-Pion threshold energy Hybrid Tera-Pion threshold energy
E is 1.4 10^{23} eV, is above three E is 1.4 10^{23} eV, is above three order of magnitude higher simply because of order of magnitude higher simply because of the huge Tera-pion mass respect nucleon one.the huge Tera-pion mass respect nucleon one.
This imply that for Tera-Pion there is a GZK cut off This imply that for Tera-Pion there is a GZK cut off
much above common {Greisen}{Zatsepin, Kuzmin} energies much above common {Greisen}{Zatsepin, Kuzmin} energies E= 4 10^{19} eV making this rare UHE tera-pion an ideal E= 4 10^{19} eV making this rare UHE tera-pion an ideal candidate able to travel along the whole Universe without candidate able to travel along the whole Universe without deflection of Galactic or Extra-galactic magnetic fields or much deflection of Galactic or Extra-galactic magnetic fields or much energy losses, overcoming the otherwise controversial energy losses, overcoming the otherwise controversial absence of a GZK cut-off. These Tera-pions are among the best absence of a GZK cut-off. These Tera-pions are among the best candidate to solve recent UHECR correlated events with candidate to solve recent UHECR correlated events with far BL-Lac sources {Gorbunov et al 2005}{HiRes,ICRC 2005}.far BL-Lac sources {Gorbunov et al 2005}{HiRes,ICRC 2005}.
25D.Fargion-Sinister Universe-SUSY-2005- Unification OC218- 19-July-2005
Conclusions:Conclusions:
No Sinister Dark Matter CosmologyNo Sinister Dark Matter Cosmology because the Tera-Lepton Shadows because the Tera-Lepton Shadows
hanging over the model.hanging over the model. But possible role for meta-stable Tera-But possible role for meta-stable Tera-
pions Uu and uU originated in Jets by BL pions Uu and uU originated in Jets by BL Lac or in TD evaporation, able to travel Lac or in TD evaporation, able to travel undeflected and with no energy loss undeflected and with no energy loss behaving as nuclear matter. behaving as nuclear matter.
Explaning Hires data with no Z-Burst Explaning Hires data with no Z-Burst need.need.
Thank You for your attention.Thank You for your attention.