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DEWA’s Experience with AMR & the Latest Communication
TechnologiesBy
4-6 May, 2009 – Dubai, UAE
4-6 May, 2009 – Dubai, UAE
City of Dubai
2,400 sq m (estimate)Size
1.5 million (2008)Population
Capacity 6,600 MW (approx) Capacity 275 MIGD (approx)
392,938331,518No. of Consumers
20082007Water
467,648403,669No. of Consumers
20082007Electricity
4-6 May, 2009 – Dubai, UAE
Dubai Electricity & Water Authority
In June 2008, DEWA awarded “Hall Of Fame” for Strategic PlanningWhich is the most prestigious strategy award in the world.
72.1%
29.9%
AMR WorldwideAMR Worldwide
Road Map To AMR
Pilot Project Objectives & Scope:
• Explore AMR systems and be (Practically) Familiar with these systems.
• Test the Adoption of different Communication techniquesin DEWA grid.
• Steer for the next move.
Pilot Project CharacteristicsFive Different
Softwares
GSM & GPRS PSTN
500 E Meters 500 W Meter
RF GSM & GPRS PLC
30 Concentrators
Distributed in 5 Zones
2nd Hop(Last Mile)
1st Hop
Last Mile Communication
Last Mile Communication - Electricity Meters
PLC (SS)20%
PLC (FSK)80%
Last Mile Communication - Water Meters
RF99%
GPRS1%
10 – 15 Sec6 – 10 Sec--
PLC (FSK) ☺PLC (SS) ☺☺☺RF ☺☺GPRS ☺☺
Reading Time
Connection Time = Delay.Some Disconnections + Tariffs per KB transfer.
PSTN ☺☺☺GPRS ☺☺
Reading From Concentrators
Gateways needed RF.Some Disconnections + Tariffs per KB transfer - GPRS.
PLC (FSK) ☺PLC (SS) ☺☺☺RF ☺☺GPRS ☺☺
Direct Meter Reading(Last Mile)
RemarkPreferenceTesting Criterions
Flavor of Results
POWER LINE CARRIER (PLC) TECHNOLOGY
PLCNET
LV Feeder Line
MV Feeder Line
Ele
ctric
ity M
eter
s
Data Collector
Water Meters
Industrial Meter
Utility Main Server
Main Transformer
HV HV
9.2%7.4%
73.2%
30.85%
4.55%56.25%
10.2%7.35%
49.35%
1.8%
40.15%
8.7%
AMR applications vary according to the communicatio n units used. Communication units are the most important units for AMR, because the success a nd the robustness of AMR application depend on how much successful and robust communication is provided. Meanwhile, communication units determine the cost of AMR applications. Most used c ommunication units in AMR applications are; Telephone line, PLC, RF SMS, GPRSThe graphs below shows the percentage of communicat ion units used for AMR applications all over the world including the growth of each unit:
1st Generation
Mono Carrier , FSK –SFK-BPSKSensible to narrowband Noise
Reference application AMIS-30585-FSK PLC Modem
SS - Frequency Hopping
• Less Immune to Interference.• Frequency Diversity.• Data Symbol Spread over several hops of frequencies .
AC 230V 50~60Hz.PR
Strong Magnetic Interferences
Signal With Spreading
Signal without spreading
Signal With Spreading
Spread Spectrum Preference
Noises
PLC Device as Meter, DCU
• FHSS • DSSS• OFDM
Our Next Step
• Wider Scale of AMR: 20,000 Meters.
• First Hop Communication (Central to Concentrator) w ill be LL and GPRS.
• Second Hop Communication (Concentrator to Meter) - P reference for PLC – SS.
• The focus will be raised on Open System – Interopera bility.
Conclusion
• A part from Data reading, AMR can serve other oppor tunities such as giving :
Meters’ status information.Alerting messages as: illegal consumption, phase fa ilure, Power Disconnection.Leakage and overload.Billing, Consumers analyses reports, District/City analyses reports, Power management and data management.
• Last Mile Communication is a key issue in AMR. Diff erent techniques can beused but PLC – SS is one of the preferred solutions.
• Interoperability is the next hop for Customers – Manufacturers - Regul ators.
References
[1] CENELEC, “Signaling on the low voltage installa tions in the frequency range 3kHz to 148,5 kHz”, CENELEC, Brussels, Belgium, Tech. Rep. EN 50065, 19 91[2] D. Cooper and T. Jeans; “Narrowband, Low Data R ate Communications on the Low-Voltage Mains in the CENELEC Frequencies-Part I: Noise and Attenu ation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp718-723, July 2002.[3] D. Sabolic; “Influence of the Transmission Medi um Quality on the Automatic Meter Reading System Capacity”; IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol . 18, No.3, pp 725-728, July 2003.[4] Bumiller, G., Lu, L. and Song, Y.; Analytic pe rformance comparison of routing protocols in master -slave PLC networks”, IEEE 2005.[5] J.O. Onunga, “A Simple Packet Retransmission St rategy for Throughput and Delay Enhancement on Power Line Communication Channels”, IEEE Transac tions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No.3, pp. 818-826, July 2006[6] C T. Yew and T-W, Chan; “Experimenting Remote K ilowatt-hour Meter Reading Through Low-Voltage Power Lines at D Housing Estates” ,IEEE Tran sactions on Pore Delivery, Vol. 17, No.3, pp708-711,July 2002[7] Mingsheng Tang, “Optimal Topology Discovery for Automatic Meter Reading using Power line Carrier”, Department of Electrical & Electronic Eng ineering, The University of Auckland, 2003.[8] R. K. Dostert, “RF Communications”, Prentice Ha ll PTR, 2001[9] S Norris, J.R.; Markov Chains, Cambridge Univer sity Press, 1997[10] Kleinrock, L.; Queuing Systems, Volume 1: Theo ry; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.[11] RF, Wireless AMR advantages and disadvantages; by AMR Research, Inc.[12] Specification of interfaces between AMR and PL C; OPERA (Open PLC European Alliance) File name: OP_WP5_DeliverableD57_v10.doc.[13] Steven M. (IEEE), Vol. 3, AMR, pp 72-1; Compar ing between deferent AMR technologies.[14] D. Colaine Luis and Jokai S. Jordan; “AMR Infras tructure cost effects”.[15] Principle of Spread Spectrum and CDMA – Mike Fi tton
