Deviations from IEC 61851-1 and -23

for OPPCharge

2nd Edition

April, 2019

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Table of Contents

1. SCOPE OF THIS DOCUMENT ........................................................................................ 3

2. GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 3

3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 4

4. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................... 4

5. DETAILS FROM IEC 61851-1 ......................................................................................... 5

6. DETAILS FROM IEC 61851-23 ..................................................................................... 11

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1. Scope of this document

The Electrical Interface for OPPCharge is in defined by: IEC 61851-1 3rd edition, 2017 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System – General requirements and IEC 61851-23 Edition 1.0 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System – DC electric vehicle charging station with the exemptions listed in this documents.

2. General

OPPCharge is defined and identified by:

An Automatic Connecting System (ACS)

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment – Type DC conductive charging

Fixed conductive rails attached to the roof of the vehicle.

4 conductive poles

Wi-Fi communication & control

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3. Normative References

IEC 61851-1 (2017 /edition 3.0) Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System – General requirements IEC 61851-23 (2014 /edition 1.0) Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System – DC electric vehicle charging station

EN 50122-1 (2011) Railway applications - Fixed installations - Electrical safety, earthing and the return circuit - Part 1: Protective provisions against electric shock EN 62262 (2002) Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical

impacts (IK code)

4. Abbreviations and definitions

For the full list of definitions, refer to IEC 61851-1 Ed 3.0 and IEC 61851-23 Ed1.0 Clause 3

AC Alternating Current

ACD Automated Connection Device

ACD Counterpart

Contact system on vehicle roof also named “Charging Rails”

ACS Automated Connection System

CE Control Earth

CP Control Pilot

DC Direct Current

EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility

EMI Electro Magnetic Interference

EV Electric Vehicle

EVCC Electric Vehicle Communication Controller

EVSE Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment – “Charger”

GND Ground

PE Protective Earth

SECC Supply Equipment Communication Controller

STD Standard

TBC To Be Confirmed

TBD To Be Defined/Decided

TVS Traction Voltage System

+ve Positive Pole

-ve Negative Pole

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5. Details from IEC 61851-1

6.2 EV charging modes

OPPCharge is covered by the definition of Mode 4 Charging. In addition to this, OPPCharge is a new case in comparison with Case ‘’A’’, ‘’Case B’’ and Case ‘’C’’ as illustrated in Figures 1 ,2 and 3 under 6.3.1 respectively. The connection for OPPCharge is made via ACD permanently installed on the infrastructure as in the figure below.

Figur 1 Example of Infrastructure mounted ACD

6.4.3.4 De-energization of the system

The text is referring to de-energization of the power circuit in to the cable assembly in case of Control pilot interruption. This is true for OPPCharge as interrupting the control pilot shall interrupt the power supply from the EVSE and then followed by the EV. However, the definition of cable assembly as in clause 3 in the same standard doesn’t fit OPPCharge as it refers to Case ‘’A’’, ‘’B’’ and ‘’C’’. 6.4.4.3 Retaining/releasing of the coupler Although in principle this also affects OPPCharge, the definitions of the vehicle coupler as defined in clause 3 isn’t adequate for the ACS. The EVSE shall release the ACD either when requested by the EV or when a failure occurs. 6.5 Serial data communication OPPCharge High Level Communication (HLC) communication is carried out via Wireless connection. 7 Protection against electric shock 7.1 General requirements The ACD is a touchable part installed on the Bus roof. The OPPCharge protection system against direct contact is shall be achieved via protection by clearance. The protection by clearance is described in EN 50122 chapter 5.2

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7.2.2 Accessibility of live parts OPPCharge exposed connection shall follow Protection by clearance as specified in EN 50122 chapter 5.2 is followed. The OPPCharge ACD counterpart shall be installed on the vehicle roof, not accessible for humans according IEC 50122 chapter 5.1 The OPPCharge ACD shall be installed on the infrastructure, and live parts not accessible to humans according to IEC 50122. 8 Connection between the power supply and the EV 8.1 General Replacement: Traction voltage ratings Table 1 specifies the TVS voltage window (Note: Lower extreme voltage range is reserved for Voltage Control and during deactivation/discharge of the system). The charging station shall withstand continuous operation in the lower, nominal and upper traction voltage range shown in the table below. The charging station shall have full function in continuous operation in the nominal traction voltage range.

Range Voltage (VDC)

Nominal range 500 – 800

Upper extreme charging voltage range, ≤ 5 s 800 – 1100

Lower extreme voltage range 0 - 500

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OPPCharge uses 4 conductive poles for the charge interface; Positive, Negative, Protective Earth (PE) and Control Earth (CE). See top view of ACD counterpart in figure below.

Figur 2 ACD counterpart for OPPCharger

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8.2 Contact sequencing OPPCharge differs as there is no constraint that the ACD connects the PE first and breaks the last. However, the requirement always present that no energization of the ACD occurs until State C is reached. Contact sequence for ACD charging is under consideration 9 Specific requirements for vehicle inlet, connector, plug and socket-outlet 9.1 General requirements Replacement: Specific requirements regarding the ACD/ACD counterpart for the OPPCharge

Number of electrical contacts 4

Electrical contacts Plus, Minus, CP, PE

Maximum Voltage 1[V] 1100 V

Current range [A] 0 - 600

Leveling ± 130 mm

Side Kneeling angle supported [deg] Yes up to 3.5°

Front Kneeling angle [deg] Up to 2°

Road Slopes % +/- 6

Contact Length [mm] 650 mm

Positioning in x-direction [mm] ±325 mm

Positioning in y-direction [mm] ±200 mm (curbside is +or - 200mm)

Ambient temperature OC -40 – +75 C

Maximum ACD mechanical moving time [s] 10

De-icing heaters (Optional) maximum power [W]

300

9.6 Insertion and extraction force Not Applicable for OPPCharge 9.7 Latching of the retaining device Not Applicable for OPPCharge 10 Charging cable assembly requirements Not Applicable for OPPCharge The design of the ACD/ACD Counterpart and cabling shall meet the design limits of the EV and EVSE 11.3 IP degrees for basic and universal interfaces ADDED TEXT:

1 Upper extreme voltage ≤5 seconds

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The ACD and ACD Counterpart shall withstand exposure to weather environment.

11.3.2 Protection against electric shock N.A Protection by clearance as specified in EN 50122 Chapter 5.2 is followed

11.5 Insulation resistance The applied voltage shall be equal to at least the maximum nominal voltage of the Traction Voltage range. The maximum nominal voltage is up to 850V DC.

11.14 Service The certified technician shall be able to service the ACD counterpart after decommissioning of the EV. The certified technician shall be able to service the ACD after instructions from EVSE supplier

11.15.1 Connection instructions REPLACEMENT Instructions how to initiate/end charging for the driver shall be provided within Driver handbook material

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Annex A Pilot function through a control pilot circuit using PWM modulation and a control pilot wire The OPPCharge control pilot circuit uses a PWM signal with 100% duty cycle, in other words, a flat 12V DC supply to feed the circuit. The Control pilot voltage tolerance shall be within ±1V as specified in IEC 61851-1

Figur 3 Control Pilot Circuit Diagrams

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Figure B.7 REPLACEMENT Mode 4 Case “OPPCharge” using ACS

Figur 4 OPPCharge Connection via ACD (Replacement to B.7 figure)

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6. Details from IEC 61851-23

General Comment The design of the electrical interface for OPPCharge is based on System C 6.3 Types of EV connection 6.3.1 General description New case: The connection of OPPCharge is carried out as illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 4 in this document 6.4.1 Mode 4 charging functions The following is not applicable:

locking of the coupler (6.4.3.104);

verification of vehicle connector voltage 6.4.2 Optional functions OPPCharge provides information to notify users of the ADC connection status. 6.4.3.2 Protective conductor continuity checking NEW CASE: The EVSE shall be isolated from the AC mains. The EVSE shall perform emergency shutdown within 100 msec after the loss of the electrical continuity between the protective conductor of the EV and the EVSE. 6.4.3.103 Retaining/releasing coupler In principle this also affects the operation of the ACD which is controlled by the EVSE ACS. The user has an ability to release the ‘‘vehicle coupler‘‘ from EVSE by emergency button. The user has an ability to release the ‘‘vehicle coupler‘‘ from EV by emergency button. Note: The vehicle coupler as defined in in IEC 61851-1 chapter 3.15 is refers to a flexible cable and manual connection whereas, OPPCharge uses an ACS. 6.4.3.104 Locking of the coupler Not Applicable for OPPCharge 6.4.3.111 User initiated shutdown REPLACEMENT: The d.c. EV charging station shall have a means to allow the user to shut down the charging process in case of emergency

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The requirement as stated in IEC 61851-23 is affecting car charging where the EVSE can be controlled by user to end charging under normal condition. In case of OPPCharge, the driver shall be responsible to terminate charging from the vehicle side as a normal use case. 6.4.3.112 Overload protection for parallel conductors (conditional function) At present, Not Applicable for OPPCharge Under consideration 6.4.5 Details of pilot function The mandatory functions as specified in IEC 61851-1 6.4.3.1, 6.4.3.2, 6.4.3.3 and 6.4.3.4 are applicable. The optional functions described in 6.4.4 is currently not applicable The optional functions described in 6.4.4 is Under Consideration 7.2.3.1 Disconnection of EV The compliance to the requirement is fulfilled through the control process between EV and EVSE. For more details refer to sequence diagram in Annex CC 7.5 Protective measures for d.c. EV charging stations REPLACEMENT: For exposed conductive parts that are not part of the grounding circuit (i.e. ACD, ACD counterpart), protection by clearance as specified in EN 50122-1 clause 5.2 is applied. 8.2 Contact sequencing Refer to comments in section IEC 61851-1: chapter 8.2 of this document 9 Specific requirements for vehicle coupler 9.1 General requirements New case: for OPPCharge, the requirements for ACD/ACD counterpart are explained 9.3 Service life of vehicle coupler Not Applicable for OPPCharge A new work item proposal for CENELEC for defining requirements for ACD is under consideration 10 Charging cable assembly requirements 10.1 Electrical rating REPLACEMENT: The rated voltage and current of the cabling between ACD and d.c. charging station shall correspond to the rated voltage and current of the d.c. output of the d.c. EV charging station 101.1.2 IP degrees for ingress of objects

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REPLACEMENT: The minimum IP degrees shall be as specified below: The d.c. charging station:

Indoor IP21 IK10

Outdoor IP54 & IK10 The following is not applicable: ACD/ACD counterpart contact surface. Instead, protection by clearance is applicable as specified in EN 50122-1:2011 clause 5.2 101.1.3 Storage means of the cable assembly and vehicle connector Not Applicable for OPPCharge 101.2.2 Effective earth continuity between the enclosure & the external protective Circuit ADD: The requirement is not applicable for the non PE conductor for the ACD/ACD counterpart contact surface. For OPPCharge protection by clearance as specified in EN 50122-1clause 5.2 is applied. 102 Communication between EV and d.c. EV charging station 102.1 General REPLACEMENT The specific requirements for communication between EV and EVSE are defined within communication interface document for OPPCharge. 102.2 System configuration For OPPCharge, the d.c. EV charging station shall be equipped with wireless communication mean to exchange control parameters for d.c. charging between EVSE and EV for high level communication. The detailed communication between EV and EVSE is defined in ISO 15118-2 102.3 Basic communication 102.3.1 Interface ADD: For OPPCharge, the design based on System C shall carry out control pilot function through the control pilot conductors via ACD/ACD counterpart. 102.3.2 Charging state REPLACEMENT: Refer to sequence diagram in ANNEX CC xxx for information regarding charging state. 102.4 Digital communication REPLACEMENT:

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OPPCharge support wireless communication and is according to ISO 15118-2 (Reference: Communication interface document for OPPCharge) 102.5 Charging control process and state 102.5.1 General REPLACEMENT See Process of Energy Supply diagram for information regarding control process and state. 102.5.2 Description of the process before the start of charging (initialization) Description for the initialization of charging See Process of Energy Supply diagram 102.5.3 Description of the process during charging (energy transfer) Description for the charging process (energy transfer) See Process of Energy Supply diagram 102.5.4 Description of process of shutdown Description for the shutdown process of charging See Process of Energy Supply diagram Annex AA Not Applicable for OPPCharge. The system design is based on System C Annex BB Not Applicable for OPPCharge. The system design is based on System C Annex CC DC EV charging station of system C (Combined charging system) CC.1 General New Case For OPPCharge, the configuration for DC couples is done via ACD/ACD counterpart. Specific requirements regarding ACD/ACD counterpart is found in Table in Chapter 9.1 in this document CC.2 Communication CC.2.1 ADD For OPPCharge, the supply voltage for the CP circuit is a continuous 12V signal (100% PWM). CC.2.2 REPLACEMENT Charge control communications between the d.c. supply and the EV for OPPCharge are specified in ISO 15118-2 first edition. Low level Communication is achieved by the CP circuit as explained in this document (see 11.15.1 from 61851-1). The physical connection between the EV and EVSE is made via ACD/ACD counterpart

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Charge control communications shall comply with DIN SPEC 70121. Charge control communications shall also comply with ISO/IEC 15118-2. Equivalent requirements for charge control communications are in SAE J2836/2, J2847/2 and J2931/1. CC.3 Process of energy supply REPLACEMENT The process of supplying energy to the EV by the d.c. supply is initiated and controlled by messages sent over wireless connection (Wi-Fi) and shall follow the sequences shown in Figures CC.1 to CC.4, for:

normal start up,

normal shutdown,

station initiated emergency shutdown and

EV initiated emergency shutdown See Process of Energy Supply diagram CC.3.2 Normal start up See Process of Energy Supply diagram

CC.3.3 Normal shutdown See Process of Energy Supply diagram CC.3.4 DC supply initiated emergency shutdown See Process of Energy Supply diagram

CC.3.5 EV initiated emergency shutdown The EV triggers emergency shutdown by opening S2 and changing CP state from C to B. DC supply shall acknowledge emergency shutdown request from the EV by performing emergency shutdown according to CC.3.3. CC.4 Safety measures CC.4.1 IT (isolated terra) system requirements REPLACEMENT

Prior to each supply cycle the following tests shall be performed. During these tests the d.c. output voltage shall not exceed maximum output voltage specified by EV at vehicle connector. CC.4.2 Temperature monitoring N.A for OPPCharge (Under consideration) CC.4.3 Combined coupler lock function Not Applicable for OPPCharge Connection is done via ACD. CC.4.3 Combined coupler lock function

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Not Applicable for OPPCharge Connection is done via ACD. CC.4.5 PP lost shutdown (additionally with using connector configurations CC and EE) Not Applicable for OPPCharge Connection is done via ACD. CC.7 Schematics and description Replacement: See figure B.7 in this document