Developmental Influences

8/3/2019 Developmental Influences

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FAMILY


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Special Parenting Situations

Teen Moms & DadsSingle Parenting

Foster Care & AdoptionParents with Disabilities

Parents with Mental Illness

LGBT ParentsMilitary DeploymentFamily Violence

Source: U.S. Department of Health: Womens Health(http://www.womenshealth.gov/


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Teen Moms & Dads

Teen Moms & Dads

Ang mga dalagita ngSapang Kawayan

Teenage Pregnancy inthe Philippines


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TEEN PARENTING ISN'T EASY. THEY MUST LIVE TWO LIVES IN

ONE, AS A TEEN AND AS A

PARENT.RAISING A CHILD ISN'T AN EASY THING TO DO. RAISING A CHILD

WHILE THE PARENTS ARE STILL IN THEIR TEENS IS EVEN HARDER.DEALING WITH THE DAY TO DAY

http://www.essortment.com/teen-parenting-50093.ht


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TEEN MOMS & DADS:

PROS AND CONS

+H igh energy

Pushes them to a newlevel of responsibility

Feeling of unconditional

loveNew, amazing experience

-Role strain

Financial difficultyCriticism & DiscriminationLose the chance of being

a teenRare that teen parents will

stay togetherTime management

Lack of parenting skills


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I MPL I CAT I ONS FOR THE I R CH I LDREN]S

HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENTBorn prematurely and at low birth weightChildren of teen mothers do worse in school than

those born to older parentsSuffer higher rates of abuse and neglect thanwould occur if their mothers had delayedchildbearingThe sons of teen mothers are 13 percent morelikely to end up in prisonThe daughters of teen parents are 22 percent morelikely to become teen mothers themselves

http://www.docsfortots.org/resources/talkingPoints/docs/teenpregna


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Single Parent

ing

Single Parent

ing


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S I NGLE PARENT I NG:

PROS AND CONS

+Developing strong bondsExperiencing community

Shared responsibilitiesH andling conflict and

disappointmentSeeing real-life balanced

opportunities

-Being isolated

(constant moving)Low self-esteem

Behavioral and emotionaldistress

Sinking grades (trauma)


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W HAT TO DO W HEN THEY ASK

W HERE]S DADDY?


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Adopt

ion

Adopt

ion


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IF WE AREN'T STRAIGHT WITH OUR CHILDREN ABOUT THEIR PAST, THEY WILL PICK UP ON IT ANDFANTASIZE SOMETHING THAT

MAY BE MUCH WORSE.

-CAROL WILLIAMS, UNIVERSITY OF NORTHCAROLINA.

http://www.adoptivefamilies.com/articles.php?aid=8


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PROS AND CONS: ON ADOPTED

CH I LDREN

http://www.ehow.com/info_7871622_effects-adoption-kids.h

+Children find permanency,

stability, and a homeNeeds provided

Curiosity and Identity

Development

-Rejection and LossGuilt and Shame

Need for IntimacyFeel a lack of Control


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TELL I NG THE TRUTH:

Pre-school years:" YOUR BIRTH MOTHER COULDN'T TAKE CARE OF YOU, BUT SHE WANTED YOU TO BE SAFE. SO

SHE FOUND A SAFE PLACE TO PUT YOU WHERE OTHER ADULTS WOULD TAKE CARE OF YOU.|

Elementary years:

" WE FEEL SAD SOMETIMES, AND EVEN MAD SOMETIMES, THAT WE CANNOT GIVE YOU ANY MORE INFORMATION. DO YOU EVER HAVE ANY SAD OR MAD FEELINGS ABOUT NOT KNOWING

ANYTHING? IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND Source: National Survey of Parents with Disabilities; State of New Jersey; P(http://www.nj.gov/njparentlink/services/special/)


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TELL I NG THE TRUTH:Midd le School Years:

"ALTHOUGH WE DO NOT HAVE SPECIFIC INFORMATIONABOUT YOUR BIRTH PARENTS, WE CAN STUDY YOUR COUNTRY AND TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHY BIRTHPARENTS HAD TO MAKE SUCH DIFFICULT DECISIONS.

WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT YOUR BIRTH PARENTS, WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT? ARE YOU EVER SAD OR ANGRY THAT YOU DON'T KNOW ANYTHING ABOUT

THEM?" PARENTS CAN BEGIN TO BRING UP THE SOCIETAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THEIR CHILD'S COUNTRY THAT WOULD FORCE BIRTHPARENTS TO MAKE SUCH A DECISION.

Preteen:


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Parents with D

isab

ilitiesParents w

ith D

isab

ilities

SILENCE OF LOVE


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HAVING A DISABILITY DOES NOT KEEP A PERSON FROM BEING A

CAPABLE, LOVING PARENT.PARENTS WITH DISABILITIES

FACE THE SAME CHALLENGES OF RAISING CHILDREN AS ALL

PARENTS. YET, PARENTS WITHDISABILITIES ALSO CAN HAVE


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MOST CHALLENG I NG ASPECTS OF

PARENT I NG WI TH A D I SAB I LI TYPhysical exertionDoing everything that needs to get done

Social messages given to childrenKeeping up with childrenTransportationDisciplineMaintaining continuity in children's livesLimited incomeParticipation in school eventsCommunication

Source: National Survey of Parents with Disabilities; State of New Jersey; P(http://www.nj.gov/njparentlink/services/special/)


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POS I T I VE EFFECTS OF

PARENT I NG WI TH A D I SAB I LI TY

Child learns compassionChild is more open-minded towards othersMore time with kidsChild is more resourceful

Source: National Survey of Parents with Disabilities State of New Jersey; Parent Link (http://www.nj.gov/njparentlink/services/special/)


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Parents with Mental IllnessParents w

ith Mental Illness


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MENTAL ILLNESS CAN BE FRIGHTENING -- NOT ONLY TO THE

PERSON WHO HAS IT BUT ALSO TOPEOPLE AROUND THEM. IF YOU ARE ACHILD AND RELIANT ON THE CARE OF

AN ADULT WHO HAS A MENTAL ILLNESS, THINGS CAN BE EVEN MORE CONFUSING. CHILDREN MAY HAVE A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS, SUCH AS

" "


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PROBLEMS THE FAM I LY GOES

THROUGH:H arming the childRelationship breakdownNegligenceAttachment issuesParentification

IsolationPassing on the symptoms

Source: Mental Health Association of Southeastern PA


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MOST CHALLENG I NG ASPECTS OF

PARENTS WI TH MENTAL I LLNESSMaking your children understand the situationChildren of any age can be cruel to each other

(teasing/bullying)Children may feel guilty about beingembarrassed by their parent's illnessesChildren often feel responsible for their parent's

illness or feel as though it is somehow their faultChildren may feel unsafe, unsecured & unloved



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W HAT YOU CAN DO

Take time to address their questions and concerns


5 -YEAR OLD:"DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU HAD CHICKEN POX? YOU CRIED ALOT, YOU DIDN'T FEEL LIKE DOINGANYTHING AND YOU WERE GROUCHY

TOWARD ALL OF US. IT WASN'T BECAUSE YOU DIDN'T LOVE US OR WANTED TO BE THAT WAY BUT BECAUSE YOU DIDN'T FEEL WELL. RIGHT

NOW YOUR MOMMY DOESN'T FEEL WELL.


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W HAT YOU CAN DO


10 -YEAR OLD:" YOU KNOW HOW PARTSOF OUR BODIES GET SICK SOMETIMES, LIKE WHEN WE GET STOMACH ACHES OR SORE THROATS.

WELL SOME PEOPLE GET SICK IN THE PART OF THEIR BRAIN THAT CONTROLSFEELINGS. THAT'S WHAT'S WRONG WITHDAD. HE HAS A SICKNESS IN THAT PART

OF HIS BRAIN THAT CONTROLS

Take time to address their questions and concerns


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W HAT YOU CAN DO


WHAT TO SAY? "" MY DAD DOES THAT BECAUSE HE IS SICK. I WOULDN'T MAKE FUN OF YOUR DAD IF HE WAS SICK PLEASE DON'T MAKE FUN OF MINE."

Children of any age can be cruel to each other(teasing/bullying)

"IF YOU REALLY UNDERSTOOD WHAT IS

WRONG WITH MY MOTHER, I DON'T THINK YOU'D SAY THAT. SHE HAS AN ILLNESS THAT MAKES HER DO THAT. SHE'S TAKING MEDICINE AND TRYING TO GET

BETTER. IT'S REALLY HARD FOR ME, SO


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W HAT YOU CAN DO


ASK A CHILD ABOUT THE WAY THEIR PARENT ACTS AND HOW IT MAKES THEM FEEL. EXPLAIN THAT MENTAL ILLNESS CAN MAKE PARENTS ACT IN STRANGE,CONFUSING OR SCARY WAYS

SOMETIMES.

Children may feel guilty about being embarrassedby their parent's illnesses


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W HAT YOU CAN DO


WHAT TO SAY? " YOU KNOW I SOMETIMES WISH THERE WAS SOMETHING I COULD DO/OR WISH IHAD DONE DIFFERENTLY TO MAKE

YOUR MOM/DAD BETTER. BUT IKNOW THAT MENTAL ILLNESS IS

NOBODY'S FAULT . . . "

Children often feel responsible for their parent'sillness or feel as though it is somehow their fault


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W HAT YOU CAN DO


A consistent routine helps children feel safe.

Explain to children that sometimes talking can helpand keeping things in can make one feel worse.Make sure children know what to do and who to callif they don't feel safe,

them exactly who to call and where to go if something happens that scares them when they arealone with their ill parent and they can't reach you.

Children may feel unsafe, unsecured & unloved


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LGBT Parents

LGBT Parents


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CURRENT RESEARCH SHOWS THAT CHILDREN WITH GAY AND LESBIAN

PARENTS DO NOT DIFFER FROMCHILDREN WITH HETEROSEXUAL PARENTS IN THEIR EMOTIONAL

DEVELOPMENT OR IN THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEERS AND

ADULTS. IT IS IMPORTANT FOR PARENTS TO UNDERSTAND THAT IT IS

THE QUALITY OF THE PARENT/CHILD Source: American Academy on Child & Adolescent Psych


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Are not more likely to be gay than childrenwith heterosexual parents.

Are not more likely to be sexually abused.Do not show differences in whether they think

of themselves as male or female (genderidentity).

Do not show differences in their male andfemale behaviors (gender role behavior).

CH I LDREN OF LESB I AN, GAY, OR

TRANSGENDER PARENTS:

Source: American Academy on Child & Adolescent Psych


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SOME LGBT FAMILIES FACE DISCRIMINATION IN THEIR

COMMUNITIES AND CHILDREN MAY BE TEASED OR

BULLIED BY PEERS. .



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Allow for open communication and discussions that areappropriate to your childs age and level of maturity.

Prepare your child to handle questions and commentsabout their background or family. H elp your child come up with and practice appropriate

responses to teasing or mean remarks.

Use books, Web sites and movies that show children inLGBT families.Consider having a support network for your childConsider living in a community where diversity is more

accepted.

PARENTS CAN HELP THE I R CH I LDREN COPE

WI TH THESE PRESSURES I N THE FF. W AYS:



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Military DeploymentM

ilitary Deployment


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CHILDREN GOING THROUGH

DEPLOYMENT MAY EXPERIENCE MANY OF THE SAME EFFECTS AS CHILDREN

OF DIVORCE.


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SEPARAT I ON ANX I ETY

Preschool or K ind ergarten Age Ch ild renClinging to people or favorite toy or blanket.Unexplained crying or tearfulness.Choosing adults over same-age play mates.Increased acts of violence toward people or things.Shrinking away from people or becoming very quiet.

Sleep difficulties or disturbances (waking, bad dreams)Eating difficulties or change in eating patterns.Fear of new people or situations.Keeps primary care giver in view.


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School-Age Ch ild renAny of the signs listed above, and:

A rise in complaints about stomachaches,headaches, or other illnesses.More irritable and crabby.Problems at school (drop in grades, does not

want to go, or general complaining)Anger toward at-home parent.


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Ad olescentsAny of the signs listed above, and:

Acting out behaviors (trouble at school, home,law)Low self-esteem and self-criticism.Misdirected anger (lots of anger over small

things; directed at siblings/parent)Sudden or unusual school problems.Loss of interest in usual interests and hobbies.


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POS I T I VE ASPECTS

Fosters maturity

Encourages independenceStrengthens family bonds


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F am ily V iolenceF am ily V iolence


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FAMILY OR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REFERS TO AN INDIVIDUAL'S USE OF

ANY FORM OF PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS TO

CONTROL HIS PARTNER OR OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS. ONE-FOURTH TO

ONE-HALF OF THE ABUSING MENBECOME VIOLENT IN ASSOCIATION WITH DRUG OR ALCOHOL ABUSE.

ABOUT THREE MILLION CHILDREN


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EFFECTS OF FAM I LY V I OLENCE ONCH I LDREN

Unsafe EnvironmentEmotional Symptoms

Behavioral Difficulties1 .LOW SELF-ESTEEM2.INCREASED LEVELS OF ANXIETY 3.REPRESSED FEELINGS OF FEAR,

ANGER, GUILT AND CONFUSION4.REGRESSION5 .CLINGINESS6.AGGRESSION/TEMPER TANTRUMS


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7 . SLEEPING PROBLEMS, SUCH AS NIGHTMARES, DIFFICULTIES

FALLING ASLEEP ETC.8. FEAR OF BEING TOUCHED OR CLOSE

TO SOMEONE

9. LACK OF TRUST 10 . FEAR OF MAKING MISTAKES11 . RESTLESSNESS1 2. SUICIDAL THOUGHTS



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15 . STRESS-RELATED PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS BED WETTING,

HEADACHES, STOMACH ACHES ETC.1 6. POOR SCHOOL PERFORMANCE 1 7 . DIFFICULTIES TO CONCENTRATE

1 8. DECREASED COGNITIVE ABILITIES1 9. LACK OF SOCIAL COMPETENCE 2 0 . SELF-HARMING TENDENCIES, SUCH ASHAIR PULLING, NAIL BITING, ETC.



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Children often feel responsible for the violenceChildren feel the need of protecting the ones that

are being hurtFeeling of confusionLoyalty conflictsActing out their feelings by increasing their negative

behaviorParents are role models and children whoexperience Family Violence learn from their parents



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1. R ole of Play

2 . Influences of Mass Media


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Play is the language of very y oung childre n.It helps childre n to m anage their feelings and t o cope with upsetti ng thi ng s that happe n in their lives . It is on e of the ways childre n learn ab ou t a ndpractice livi ng in their w orld a nd their c u ltu re . It helps b uild relationships . And play is relaxation and fun !


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Infants (0-2)

Play Type: SOLITARY PLAYH e plays alone. There is limited interaction withother children.

Role of Play:Infants need to make sense of their world.They need things to see and hear (changes of scenery, parents' voices, music, mobiles).They start to learn cause and effectThey start to learn turn-taking


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Toddler (2-2 1/2 )

Play Type: SP ECTATOR/ONLOOK ER PLAYO bserve other children playing around him butwill NO T play with them.

Role of Play:It teaches the toddler how to act when he's

ready to join in the fun. Watching the big kidsplay is a great way for him to learn thepolitics of the playground.


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Play Type: PARALL EL PLAYPlay alongside others but will not play togetherwith them.

Role of Play:The kid is learning loads about socializing andplaying just by building blocks next to anotherkid. This sort of play will teach him basicconcepts and rules of play.

Toddler (2-2 1/2 )


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Preschooler (3-4)Play Type: ASSOCIATIV E PLAYStarts to interact with others in their play. Developsfriendships and the preferences for playing with

some but not all other children; in mixed sex groups.Role of Play:

The kid may be playing in a group, but still doinghis own thing. It teaches kids how to cooperateand possibly start making real friends. It also helpswith language development and problem. This isthe first category that involves strong socialinteraction between the children while they play.


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S chool-age - A dolescence (4-6+)

Play Type: COOP ERATIVE /CO M PETITIVE PLAYPlays together with shared aims of play withothers. Play may be quite difficult and he'ssupportive of other children in his play. As hereaches primary school age, play is normally insingle sex groups.

Role of Play:This competitive sort of play can help developself-esteem and ultimately, foster real friendship.Some organization enters children's play.


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S chool-age - A dolescence (4-6+)

Role of Play:Cooperative play involves a high degree of complexity. Children share materials, worktogether to create a theme and storyline for theplay, adopt roles to carry out the play and assignroles to others.


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Documents

Developmental Influences