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Development Revision Worksheet

Question 1 – Anglican High 2008

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Question 2 – Crescent Girls 2008

Figure 1 below shows the employment structure of 3 countries.

Figure 1

i) Determine the employment percentages for each country and account for their respective levels of development. [6] ii) Describe how Gross National Product (GNP) per capita can also be used as a development indicator. Explain why countries face problems in determining their GNP per capita. [5] b) Account for how socio-cultural and political components contribute to uneven development in the world. [6] c) Evaluate the success of international aid given to less developed countries to helpin their development. [8]

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Question 3 – SJI 2008

Figure 4 below gives some information about 3 countries.

i) With reference to the information in Figure 4, describe and account for the difference in their levels of development. [7] ii) Apart from the information in Figure 4, explain how other factors may lead to unequal development between countries. [5] b) How does the Human Development Index (HDI) measure development and how useful is it ? [5] c) Evaluate the success of the strategies to promote development in the less developed regions of a named country in Asia. [8] Question 4 – Victoria 2008 a. Fig 1 shows the comparison between two indicators of development, GNP/capita and HDI.

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a(i) Explain how HDI is measured. With reference to Fig 1 describe the relationship between GNP/Capita and HDI ranking. [3] (ii) Is HDI or GNP/capita a better indicator of a country’s level of development? Justify your choice. [4] b) Study Fig 2 which shows information about the distribution of the offices of an MNC - Barclays Capital, a leading global British investment company.

Use information from Fig. 2 and studies you have made, to help explain core-periphery relations between Developed countries (DC) and Less Developed countries (LDC). [4] c) Fig. 3 shows the ages at death in a less developed country (LDC) and a more developed country (DC).

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Explain the differences in health between the two countries. [6]

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d) Using ideas from Fig 4A, Fig 4B and other relevant examples, discuss the impact of international aid to less developed countries (LDCs) in their attempt to raise the level of development of the country. [8]

Question 5 – Bedok View 2008 (a) Explain the limitations of the HDI as an indicator to assess the level of development in a country. [4] (b) Figure 3a shows a diagram of a core-periphery relationship that takes place on a local scale.

Figure 3a

Source: http://geographyfieldwork.com/CorePeriphery1.gif

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Using an example, describe a core-periphery relationship that takes place on an international scale. [7]

(c) Discuss the importance of physical factors in influencing the rate of development of a country. [6] Question 6 – Maris Stella 2008 a) Study Figures 7 and 8. Figure 7 is a set of pictures taken in the United States,

which is a Developed Country (DC), while Figure 8 is a set of pictures taken in Mauritania, which is a Less-Developed Country (LDC).

Figure 7

Figure 8 (i). Using the above figures and studies you have conducted, describe some

of the differences in the indicators of development between a DC and an LDC. [7]

(ii). Suggest and explain reasons why differences in levels of development

exist between the United States and Mauritania. [7]

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b) Study the two quotations shown in Figure 9.

If I were reincarnated, I would wish to be returned to Earth as a killer virus to lower human population levels.

- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

The foundation of every state is the education of its youth. - Diogenes Laërtius

Figure 9

Which do you think is more important for a country to develop successfully, population control or education? Discuss, using examples from studies you have conducted. [8]

Question 7 – St Nicholas 2008 (a) Describe why the theory of “core-periphery” can help to explain uneven development in the world. [2] (b) Fig. 5 shows the HDI of five countries and the share of national income of the richest 10% and the poorest 10%.

Describe the relation between HDI and the distribution of national income. [3] (c) Explain how historical and political factors contribute to this uneven development between the Less Developed Countries and the Developed Countries. [6]

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(d) Study Fig. 6. With reference to specific examples, suggest one solution that can successfully address the problems faced by Kibera. [6]

(e) Evaluate the measures that LDC governments can take to improve economic and social development. You must make reference to areas you have studied.[8] Question 8 – Xinmin 2008 (a) Account for the limitations of the Human Development Index as an indicator of development. [4] (b) Study Fig. 5 which shows a cartoon on the implications of poor economic planning.

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ROCKS OF POOR ECONOMIC PLANNING

Fig. 5 Do you agree that poor economic planning is the main reason that hinder development in less-developed countries? Explain your answer. [8]

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Question 9 – Bukit Panjang 2008

(a) Figure 1 is a triangular graph that shows the proportion employed in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy.

(i) Which of the countries A, B, C or D, is the most developed? Explain your answer. [5] (ii) What other indicators would help you confirm your answer in (i). Explain these indicators? [6] 1b Discuss how any two of the following factors may have posed problems to less developing countries (LDCs) in their attempt to improve their economic growth and social development. 1 Cumulative causation 2 Population growth 3 Political reasons [6] 1c Assess the success of strategies employed by governments to ensure more even development in their countries. [8]

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Question 10 – New Town 2008 (a) Study Table 1, which shows some development indicators of some countries.

With reference to Table 1, describe how the development indicators reflect the level of development in the 3 countries. [5] (ii) Explain whether the Human Development Index (HDI) is effective in assessing the level of development of a country. [2] (b) Study Fig. 1, which shows the employment structure of countries A and B.

Based on the employment structure of the two countries shown in Fig. 1, explain which country is more developed than the other. [6]

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Question 11 – Temasek 2008 (a) Fig. 1 shows the HDI, adult literacy rate, life expectancy and GDP per capita of two countries, A and B. Supporting your answer with data, explain why country B is less developed than country A. [6]

(b) Explain how employment structure is related to adult literacy in a country. [4] (c) With reference to Fig. 2, describe and account for India’s population pyramid. Suggest strategies that may alleviate the population problems that it may have.[7]

(d) ‘Historical factor is the main factor that led to different levels of development between countries around the world.’ Assess this statement. [8]

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Question 12 – Tanjong Katong Girls 2008 (a) Fig. 6 shows a simplified version of the Core-Periphery model. Compare the characteristics of a core region with those of a periphery region and explain the limitations of the Core-Periphery Model. [5]

(b) Describe and account for the trends in HDI values of the different regions as shown in Fig. 7. [5]

(c) With reference to relevant examples, describe the efforts made to alleviate uneven development at the international level. [7] (d) With reference to one or more named countries, assess the success of attempts made by the government to increase the level of development in the country, [8]

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Question 13 – St Anthony 2009 Fig. 4 gives data for 5 indicators of development for selected countries. All data are for the year 2004 except for cell phone subscribers.

(ai) How does data for cell phone subscribers indicate the level of development of a country? [1] (aii) Which two countries do you think would have the lowest life expectancy? Explain why you think this is so. [6] (aiii) Define ‘HDI’. With reference to the data given in Fig. 4, explain why the HDI is a better indicator of development than the other indicators shown. [5] b) Using your knowledge of cumulative causation and the relationship between core and periphery countries, account for the variations in development in the world. [5] c) With the use of examples, explain possible reasons why some countries find it difficult to raise their level of development. Evaluate these reasons to determine which you think is most damaging to a country. [8]

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Question 14 – CCHMS 2008 3 (a) Study Table 3A, which shows some of the indices which may be used to measure the development of countries X, Y & Z.

Country X Y Z Population (millions) 3.5 60.3 21.4 Urban population (% of total population)

100.0 20.9 55.8

* Gross National Product (GNP) – in billion US$

95.5 131.9 81.3

Doctors (per 100, 000 people) 147 24 43 Literacy rate (%) 91.8 70.2 86.4 Life expectancy (years) 77.3 68.9 72.2 Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)

4 30 9

Access to safe water (%) 100 81 79 % of people employed in primary industry

0.2 11.1 13.1

Energy consumption (millions of kilowatt-hours)

26,188 98,194 58,638

* GNP is the total income of the country in a year

Table 3A

(i) With reference to the data in Table 3A, explain why Country X seems to be the most developed country. [7] (ii) With reference to both the data in Table 3A and to other information you may know, explain why it is difficult to use some of the indices to assess the level of development of the countries. [4]

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(b) Fig 3B shows world development based on the United Nations Human Development Index. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures social development based on income, education and life expectancy. Describe and give reasons for the different levels of development in the areas as shown in Fig 3B. [6]

Fig 3B (c) With the use of relevant examples, assess the effectiveness of the strategies in promoting national development in less developed regions. [8]