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Development of Security Starting System for
Vehicles Based on IoT
TUYISENGE Jean Claude
African Center of Excellence in Internet of Things
University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology
Kigali, Rwanda
IRADUKUNDA Jean Paul
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Rwanda Polytechnics-Integrated Polythechics Regional College
Musanze, Rwanda
ISHIMWE Viviane
African Center of Excellence in Internet of Things
University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology
Kigali.Rwanda
MUKANYILIGIRA Didacienne
African Center of Excellence in Internet of Things
University of Rwanda-College of Science and Technology
Kigali, Rwanda
Abstract— The transportation system is
becoming tremendously important in today’s
human activities and the number of urban
vehicles grows rapidly. The vehicle theft also
has become a shared concern for all vehicle
owners. However, the present anti-theft system
which maybe high reliable, lack of proper
mechanism for preventing theft before it
happens. This work proposes the internet of
things based smart vehicle security staring
system; efficient security provided to the
vehicle owners relies on securing car ignition
system by using a developed android
application running on smart phone connected
to the designed system installed in vehicle.
With this system it is non- viable to access the
vehicle’s functional system in case the ignition
key has been stolen or lost. It gives the drivers
the ability to stay connected with their vehicle.
Whenever the ignition key is stolen or lost, it is
impossible to start the vehicle as the ignition
system is still locked on the vehicle start and
only the authorized person will be able to start
the vehicle at convenient time with the
combination of ignition key and smart phone
application. This study proposes to design the
system that uses node MCU, Bluetooth low
energy (BLE), transistors, power relays and
android smartphone in system testing. In
addition, it is cost effective and once installed
in the vehicle there is no more cost of
maintenance.
Keywords— Internet of things (IOT), Smart
vehicle, security system, vehicle emergency
starting, car ignition system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays people tend to own the
expensive and luxary vehicles and move any
where and any time in the world, even in the place
that they are not aware of it. However, the security
and safety of their vehicles is a major consern
since often unauthorized people can access the car
or thieves are used to steal them by driving or
lifting them away[1]. When this sad situation of
theft happens three things emerge: First, the car
might be lost completely, secondly the issues of
insurance related to fraud rise and lastly it might
be highly damaged.
This survey is aimed to develop security
starting system for vehicles using IoT. The exiting
studies have been carried out to implement
vehicles security and safety using different
technologies that use Global Positioning
System/Global system for mobile
Communication (GPS/GSM) for vehicle
localation and Radio frequency identification
RFID for secure starting. [2] A real time
biometrics technology [3], IP camera
technology[4] and zigbee technology[5] are also
systems used to secure and monitor the vehicles
once they are stolen. This paper come up with
enhanced system starting of vehicles that does not
allow any unautorized person to even start the car
whenever he/she does not have full access from
the car owner instead of localazing vehicles after
it has been stolen, furthermore it will use IoT low
power devices and less in cost compared to the
above mentioned solutions which make this
system efficient for users to afford.
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The system has to be installed in the
vehicle and get activated. In case of unautorize
access or theft attempt to open the car door and
start the engine whithout the owner’s permission,
automatically the engine will be immobilized
througth the ignition system, and will not allow
any other person to start the vehicle unless you
have the application installed in smart phone that
will help in car starting, the major advantages of
this system is to prevent the vehicle theft before it
happens therefore the owner or other specific
intity will be notified througth alarm each time the
thieft try to start the engine with stolen or hacked
ignition key, therefore the help of sound alert to
notifier the vehicles owner or neighbor.
. This study is organized into seven main sections. Section I is the introduction, that describes the context of this research, the overview of the problem to be solved, the relevance of this project, the Approach/proposed solution and the research organization. This section is preceded by an abstract. Section II describes the review of the related literature, section III describes the hardware design model that show how the system is wired and the interaction of different components. Section IV describes software design, it show how the objects are arranged with application interface, section V shows the prototype model implementation, then followed section VI describe the testing model after real deployment and last section is about conclusion.
II. RELATED WORK
The literature survey conducted, shows
that many researches done for the security system
of vehicle for theft avoidance. Updated
technological developments have been studied
and demonstrated in this section. It was found that
people worked for GSM, GPS, RFID, Biometric
technology, Mechanical and electrical technology
IoT. All these anti-vehicle modules are readily
available in for vehicles. This approach aims to
design a cost-effective anti-theft vehicle starting
system based on IoT; this is made by using phone
application to help in the control of ignition
system and prevent the unauthorized people to
access the car unless they possess both ignition
key and application to allow vehicle starting. The
system alarm also has been used to worn the car
owner if one tries to use only ignition keys.
The development of ECU Based Starting
for Automobiles V.M.Murugesan [6]et.al
proposed a mechanical and electric device relating
to efficiency, safety to passenger car start and
process based on integrated control method by
electronic control unit (ECU). They have studied
the behavior of lead battery acid or recent
Absorbent Glass Material battery (AGM) by
measuring peak current including cold cranking
ampere (CCA). An approach has been made to
develop electronic based starting system to reduce
the internal resistance of the battery due to
overloading failure of mechanical components of
starter motor and pitting of electrical contacts of
solenoids switch.
Automatic car theft detection system
based on GPS and GSM technology S.Singh [7]
et.al implemented an automotive security system
for anti-theft using and embedded system
integrated with GPS and GSM. The system had
two types of tracking, the first is online tracking
with GPS and can only receive information about
vehicle location from satellites. The second is
offline tracking where the GSM installed in the
vehicle sends vehicle information to the owner of
the vehicle. The owner of the GSM mobile can
take preventive measures like engine ignition
cutoff, lock or unlock the vehicle with the help of
SMS.
Biometric car security and monitoring
system using IoT K. Srianusha [8] et.al worked on
the system to solve the issue of car keys that can
be compelled to be carried and issues caused by
losing or misplacing the keys. They did it by
employing a finger print vehicle starter. Users
initially registers by scanning their fingerprints.
They have used AT mega 328 microcontroller, the
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the fingerprint detector,
the Liquid crista display, pushbuttons and starting
motor, the system uses IoT to update the vehicle
information using a web application.
Design and implementation of
microcontroller based anti-theft vehicle security
system using GPS, GSM and RFID E.X.S.Hossan
and V. Pgdgxo [2], have developed an anti-theft
vehicle security to mitigate the problem of vehicle
stealing. The system consists of a PIC16F876A
microcontroller, fingerprint, RFID, GPS-GSM
and a tilt sensor. RFID or fingerprint or even
password can be used to start the car there by
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avoiding unauthorized person to open the
vehicle’s door. Any breaking of the window or the
door of the vehicle is detected by the tilt sensor. A
message containing the car’s location is availed
via GPS-GSM module. The connection to the fuel
injector of the car is deactivated to prevent
unauthorized start of the vehicle anyhow.
A. Industry[9] has implemented a vehicle
security system using biometric system to prevent
the issue of vehicle hijacking or car theft due to
easy access to vehicle’s functional system.
Biometric system uses information about a person
by relying on specific data about unique
biological trait so as to work effectively. The
system involves running data through algorithms
for a particular result, usually related to a positive
identification of a user or other individuals.
Z.liu [11] designed an IoT system that
provides all-round active service for the owners.
The system is controlled by RFID module to
switch ON and OFF.
Vibration sensors and piezoelectric infrared
sensors are mounted inside the vehicle to be
triggered if the car is stolen. GSM module sent
location information of the vehicle obtained by
the vehicle anti-theft tracking system based on
GPS module to the owner of mobile phone. They
have developed an android software to be used in
the user’s mobile phone which is acting as a
mobile terminal.
B.G.Girish [10] et.al planned a keen
vehicle security framework using IoT by turning
a standard vehicle security frameworks to a
shrewed vehicle security framework. They have
used RFID, GPS, GSM, and Remote
correspondence, cloud organizing and fluffy
calculation that is utilized for choice tree. The
savvy framework was for giving vehicle data such
as position, time and alert dedicated to the car’s
owner by either using SMS or by utilizing
versatile application.
III. PROPOSED HARDWARE DESIGN MODEL
The following figure (fig.1), illustrate the architectural design of the proposed solution to the problem.
Fig. 1. Architectural model of proposed solution
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The system consists of several components:
1. Node MCU
2. Bluetooth low energy
3. Electronic seren
4. MOSFET transistor
5. Vehicle power relays switch
Node MCU is an open-source Lua based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based Applications. It includes firmware that runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module, with this project it is used to collect data from the sensors and evaluates these data to for decision making.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a low power wireless communication technology that can be used over a short distance to enable smart devices to communicate, in this project the devices is used to connect the wired starting system with the smartphone's application developed, different build-in functions are used to send different commands to activate the security starting system before using ignition key for real time vehicles starting.
Vehicle relay is an electronically operated switch. The type most commonly used in the automotive industry is an electro-mechanically operated switch. They are found in all types of vehicles - cars, trucks, vans, trailers and boats. They employ an electromagnet device to mechanically manoeuvre a switch to make or break an electrical circuit. The type of relay most frequently used in the automotive industry is the small cube shaped unit known as a standard relay or a mini relay. In this project high-current relays are because they provide increased safety connections and disconnections of vehicle batteries, start-stop systems, high-performance electrical systems with voltages up to 48V and currents up to 200A. The high-current relays are compact and provide high-current switching capabilities.
The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) transistor is a semiconductor device that is widely used for switching purposes and for the amplification of electronic signals in electronic devices. A MOSFET is either a core or integrated circuit where it is designed and fabricated in a single chip because the device is available in very small sizes. MOSFETs IRF064 model are used in this project for amplification purpose due to the power relays discussed above requires high switching current.
IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN
The control of the starting system requires
a mobile application with dedicated function to
enable the system starting of the car, through this
we have developed android application using MIT
App Inventor which is an intuitive, visual
programming environment that allows everyone
to build fully functional apps for smartphones and
tablets. This designed software in not customable
i.e. each vehicle cannot use the same software as
the different command may vary from the vehicle
to vehicle depend on the developer and also the
system code already programed in node MCU, the
following figure, (Fig1,2) show the designed
software using MIT app invertor.
Figure. 2. Software design phase
Figure. 3. Vehicle security starting software
The designed software present different
functions required for vehicle staring. For vehicle
to start an internal combustion engine requires (i)
a combustible mixture, (ii) compression stroke,
(Hi) a form of ignition, and (iv) the minimum
initial starting speed (about 100 rpm) in order to
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start and continue running, to meet the first three
of these requirements the minimum starting speed
must be attained [6], this is where the electric
starter comes in.
The control of the above requirement, the
ignition switch must be present in feed the battery
power in its output contact to activate the main
electrical systems for the vehicles. The
application will allow those electrical system to
connect to the power after the ignition key
inserted in ignition switch. Thus the five button
command are developed within the application
realize all those different functions as the ignition
have like 4 position to which the key can rotate.
There will be a starter On/Off button to control
starter motor, fuel On/Off to control an Injection
Pump which is the device that pumps fuel into the
cylinders of a diesel engine, there is also ignition
On/Off for All the electronic accessories come
active when you turn on the ignition switch in this
mode.
With the Window On/Off position is going
to be controlled through that wind button to allow
the users to who may sometime forget their
ignition keys inside the car, but this option is
applicable to some particular modern car with
electrically controlled window. The last position
is the lock used for car locking, with this position
the steering wheel or other accessories it remains
locked and it cannot move in any position.
The overall working flow of the system part
interact is explained within the following
flowchart.
Figure. 5. Working flow diagram
V. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The system prototype indicated below
shows all connections necessary to start the car,
there is starter that designed to start the vehicle
engine, the fuel pump used to pump the fuel along
a pipe from the tank and mixed with air in the
carburetor, from which the engine sucks in the
mixture. There is also the ignition switch used in
the control system of a motor vehicle that
activates the main electrical systems for the
vehicle.
Figure. 1. Full implemented prototype on the board
The combination of this circuit operate as
follow, before to use ignition key to start the
vehicle you have to be connected to Bluetooth low
power device first via your smart phone, then you
can switch on all necessary vehicle components to
start by switching the module relay that are
installed on electronics circuit board. Then the
user will be able to start the car by using ignition
key all necessary vehicle device will get the power
and the vehicle will be able start. In contrast once
the phone is not around the user will not be able
to start the car even if he/she has the ignition key,
and this will prevent the vehicle to move in case
the ignition key was stolen or lost.
VI. TESTING AND RESULTS
For an internal combustion engine to start and keep on working under normal condition it must fulfill a set of requirements which are the following: Combustible mixture, Compression stroke as discussed early .A form of ignition, the minimum starting speed of about 100 rev /min. With vehicle starting security system circuit designed and implemented the user or the owner of the vehicle is able to start and even to stop the
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engine because this system is controlling the above said vehicle starting requirements. The prototype have been integrated in real car by connecting developed system and the starting system and result show that the vehicle cannot starting without activating the necessary starting devices.
Figure. 6. Testing the results
The potential of this project is based on
impossibility of starting vehicle without having
both phone and key and its limitation is based on,
Once the ignition key or phone is lost or stolen the
car will not start, it is cumbersome to start the
vehicle unless the phones and the key are available
for starting the vehicles or when phone is off.
VII. CONCLUSION
This article has described a development of security starting system of vehicle based on internet of things. From the result obtained, the article has achieved its entire objective for securing vehicle starting system to improve existing car security system .The installed phone application helps in the control of ignition system and prevent the unauthorized people to access the car unless they possess both ignition key and application to allow vehicle starting. The system alarm also have been used to worn the car owner if one try to use only ignition keys, from several tests that have been made, this system has shown that it can work properly and cannot easily be hacked by unauthorized people.
REFERENCES
[1] T. Hodgkinson, M. A. Andresen, and G. Farrell, “The decline and locational shift of automotive theft: A local level analysis,” J. Crim. Justice, vol. 44, pp. 49–57, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.12.003.
[2] E. X. S. Hossain and V. Pgdgxo, “Design
and Implementation of Microcontroller Based Anti-Theft Vehicle Security System using GPS,GSM and RFID,” 4th Int. Conf. Electr. Eng. Inf. Commun. Technol. iCEEiCT 2018, pp. 97–101, 2019.
[3] N. Kiruthiga, L. Latha, and S. Thangasamy, “Real time biometrics based vehicle security system with GPS and GSM technology,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 47, no. C, pp. 471–479, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.231.
[4] P. Sirichai, S. Kaviya, Y. Fujii, and P. P. Yupapin, “Smart car with security camera for road accidence monitoring,” Procedia Eng., vol. 8, pp. 308–312, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.03.057.
[5] S. A. W. A. S. Mokhtar, N. M. Z. Hashim, N. R. Mohamad, A. Jaafar, and A. Salleh, “Vehicle Security System Using ZigBee Technology,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. Vii, pp. 81–85, 2014.
[6] V. M. Murugesan et al., “Development of ECU based starting system for automobiles,” Proc. 2011 Int. Conf. Process Autom. Control Comput. PACC 2011, no. July, 2011, doi: 10.1109/PACC.2011.5978987.
[7] S. Singh and P. Kumari, “Automatic Car Theft Detection System Based on GPS and GSM Technology,” pp. 689–692, 2019.
[8] K. Srianusha, S. K. Saddamhussain, and K. P. Kumar, “Biometric car security and monitoring system using IOT,” 2019 Int. Conf. Vis. Towar. Emerg. Trends Commun. Netw., pp. 1–7, 2019.
[9] A. Industry, “Vehicle starting system using finger print,” vol. 119, no. 18, pp. 1753–1760, 2018.
[10] B. G. Girish, A. D. Gowda, H. Amreen, and K. M. A. Singh, “IOT based security system for smart vehicle,” 2018.
[11] Z. Liu, “Vehicle Anti-theft Tracking System Based on Internet of Things,” pp. 48–52, 2013.
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