Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE)

Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering

(PBTE)

Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering

(PBTE)

University of Hawaii at Manoa

H. Ronald Riggs

Ian N. Robertson

University of Hawaii at Manoa

H. Ronald Riggs

Ian N. Robertson

Fluid-Structure Interaction

Scour Modeling

Structural Loading

Structural Response

Social SciencesPublic Policy

Consequences(Life and economic losses)

Warning Systems

TsunamiModeling

Source Mechanism

Tsunami Generation

Open Ocean Propagation

Ocean, Hydraulic and StructuralEngineering

Probabilistic Tsunami HazardAnalysis

Performance Based Tsunami Engineering

Societal Impact Assessment

Focus of NEESR Study

Tsunami ResearchTsunami Research

Coastal Inundation

Performance Levels

Project TeamProject TeamName Affiliation Expertise

H. Ronald Riggs University of Hawaii, CEE Structural eng. and fluid-structure interaction

Ian Robertson University of Hawaii, CEE Structural engineering design

Si-Hwan Park University of Hawaii, CEE Computational mechanics

Kwok Fai Cheung University of Hawaii, ORE Tsunami modeling

Geno Pawlak University of Hawaii, ORE Ocean engineering, hydromechanics

Julie Young Princeton University Scour and fluid transport

Solomon Yim Oregon State University Fluid-structure interaction, wave tank modeling

Gary Chock Martin & Chock, Inc. Code development, risk assessment

Laura Kong Intl. Tsunami Info Center Tsunami effects on coastal communities

Brian Yanagi Intl. Tsunami Info Center Disaster management, Public awareness

Michael Hamnett UH Social Science Res. Inst. Public awareness and response to disasters





















































































Advisory PanelAdvisory PanelName Affiliation Expertise

Michael Briggs U.S. Army Eng. Res. and Dev. CenterCoastal and hydraulics engineering

John Hooper Magnusson Klemencic Associates Structural engineer

Dennis J. Hwang Reinwald O'Connor & Playdon Geophysics and legal coastal management

Orville T. Magoon Coastal Zone Foundation Coastal management

Nassim Uddin Univ. of Alabama at BirminghamCoastal effects, dynamic loads on structures

Vasily Titov Pacific Marine Env. Lab. PMEL Tsunami modeling

David Kennard FEMA Region IXEmergency response and preparedness

George CrawfordWashington State Military Dept., Emergency Management Division

Disaster management - Washington State

Richard EisnerCalifornia Governor's Office of Emergency Services

Disaster management - California

Edward Teixeira Hawaii State Civil Defense Disaster response and planning



























OSU Wave Tank FacilityOSU Wave Tank Facility

Technical AreasTechnical Areas

Tsunami bore formation, runup, and coastal inundation

Sediment transport and scour

Fluid forces on structures

Structural response, analysis and design

Tsunami bore formation, runup, and coastal inundation

Sediment transport and scour

Fluid forces on structures

Structural response, analysis and design

Runup Experiments and ModelingRunup Experiments and Modeling

Site-specific bathymetry

Effect of fringing reefs

Surface roughness

Bore formation

Energy dissipation

Site-specific bathymetry

Effect of fringing reefs

Surface roughness

Bore formation

Energy dissipation

Run-up ExperimentsRun-up Experiments

Tsunami wave basin will be modified to allow for three individual flumes with different bottom slopes (July - Dec 2007)

Tsunami wave basin will be modified to allow for three individual flumes with different bottom slopes (July - Dec 2007)

26.5 m

3.66 m Individual piston–type waveboards

T W B

wave propagation runup/reef 1:5

Additional separating walls

48.8 m

runup / reef 1:10

runup / reef 1:15

wave propagation

wave propagation

3.66 m

3.66 m

Run-up Experiments-Constant SlopeRun-up Experiments-Constant Slope

Solitary waves with heights at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m Study bore formation and energy dissipation Resistance wave gauges and Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) will

capture flow velocity Benchmark tests for bed roughness, fringing reef, scour and structural

loading

Solitary waves with heights at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m Study bore formation and energy dissipation Resistance wave gauges and Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) will

capture flow velocity Benchmark tests for bed roughness, fringing reef, scour and structural

loading

piston gap

1m slopes1:15 1:5

~30m

~20m

~10m

resistance wave gauges

ADVs

~18.8m

1:10

~2m

Run-up Experiments-Fringing ReefRun-up Experiments-Fringing Reef

Fringing reef will be simulated by curtailing the beach slopes at –h2, water level, and +h2.

Solitary waves with height at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m

Fringing reef will be simulated by curtailing the beach slopes at –h2, water level, and +h2.

Solitary waves with height at 0.05m increments up to 0.65m

h1

1:15 1:10

piston

~30m

~15m

resistance wave gauges

ADVs

absorber

- h2

1:5

h2

Run-up ExperimentsRun-up Experiments

Laser altimeter will track free surface when air entrainment distorts resistance gauges and ADV readings.

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) will monitor transition to white water. High speed camera will track markers on still water and dry bed.

Laser altimeter will track free surface when air entrainment distorts resistance gauges and ADV readings.

Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) will monitor transition to white water. High speed camera will track markers on still water and dry bed.

piston

absorber

laser altimeter high speed camera

Sediment Transport and ScourSediment Transport and Scour

Develop and validate sediment transport mechanisms

Pump up of sediments due to large-scale vortices created by bore collapse.

Entrainment of local sediment by instantaneous bed shear stress.

Enhanced transport due to soil instability (momentary static liquefaction caused by high pore pressure during drawdown)

Develop and validate sediment transport mechanisms

Pump up of sediments due to large-scale vortices created by bore collapse.

Entrainment of local sediment by instantaneous bed shear stress.

Enhanced transport due to soil instability (momentary static liquefaction caused by high pore pressure during drawdown)

Scour ExperimentsScour Experiments Preliminary scour tests in Large Wave Flume (Fall 2006) Utilize existing sand bed from beach erosion experiment

Preliminary scour tests in Large Wave Flume (Fall 2006) Utilize existing sand bed from beach erosion experiment

Velocity measurements using ADVs and PIV Sediment concentration using Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS) Pore pressures sensors to monitor soil instability

Velocity measurements using ADVs and PIV Sediment concentration using Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS) Pore pressures sensors to monitor soil instability

Sediment Transport ExperimentsSediment Transport Experiments

Repeat 1:10 and 1:15 bottom slope tests with moveable bed Well-graded sand bed (0.2mm median grain size)

Repeat 1:10 and 1:15 bottom slope tests with moveable bed Well-graded sand bed (0.2mm median grain size)

piston

1m

~30m

~20m

~18.8m

1:10

~2m

Velocimeter + Fiber Optic Backscatter (FOBS)

Pore pressure transducers

laser altimeter

Scour ExperimentsScour Experiments

Include plexiglass cylinder to simulate pile. Include plexiglass cylinder to simulate pile.

piston

1m

~30m

~20m

~18.8m

1:10

~2m

Velocimeter + FOBS

Pore pressure transducers

laser altimeter

Fluid Forces on StructuresFluid Forces on Structures

Horizontal hydrodynamic loads

Vertical hydrodynamic loads

Debris impact loads

Debris damming loads

Horizontal hydrodynamic loads

Vertical hydrodynamic loads

Debris impact loads

Debris damming loads

Fluid-Structure ExperimentsFluid-Structure Experiments

Utilize fringing reef setup to produce bore. Monitor loading on structural elements and simple structural

systems


systems

piston

absorber

laser altimeter

Simple Structure

high speed camera

Fluid-Structure ExperimentsFluid-Structure Experiments


systems Monitor debris damming effects


systems Monitor debris damming effects

piston

absorber

laser altimeter

Shipping Container

high speed camera

Fluid-Structure SimulationFluid-Structure Simulation

Use Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS fluid models with the experimental data to improve fluid-structure interaction modeling

Combination of ABAQUS + FLUENT

Possible use of COMSOL (FEMLAB)

Use Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS fluid models with the experimental data to improve fluid-structure interaction modeling

Combination of ABAQUS + FLUENT

Possible use of COMSOL (FEMLAB)

Structural Response and DesignStructural Response and Design

Structural response to hydraulic and impact loads

Progressive collapse prevention

Prescriptive design

Methodology for site-specific PBTE

Structural response to hydraulic and impact loads

Progressive collapse prevention

Prescriptive design

Methodology for site-specific PBTE

Performance LevelsPerformance Levels

Building Performance Level

HOTELWAIKIKI

HOTELWAIKIKI

HOTELWAIKIKI

Tsu

nam

i Wa

ve Heig

ht

Maximum Considered Tsunami

Design Tsunami

Immediate Occupancy

Vertical evacuation

Collapse Prevention

Occasional Events

Rare Events

Very Rare Events

Frequent Events

Life safety

Minor Tsunami

OutreachOutreach

Princeton REU program (summer 06) Review of existing design guidelines to protect coastal

structures against erosion and scour damage. Assist with design and setup of scour experiments.

Oregon State University Web telecast of all experiments performed in the TWB. Selected experiments will be incorporated into an educational

webcast for K-12 audience.

University of Hawaii Summer 2006 – two High School interns working on

preliminary FLUENT modeling Enhancement of tsunami display at Bishop Museum

Princeton REU program (summer 06) Review of existing design guidelines to protect coastal

structures against erosion and scour damage. Assist with design and setup of scour experiments.

Oregon State University Web telecast of all experiments performed in the TWB. Selected experiments will be incorporated into an educational

webcast for K-12 audience.

University of Hawaii Summer 2006 – two High School interns working on

preliminary FLUENT modeling Enhancement of tsunami display at Bishop Museum

Education and OutreachEducation and Outreach

Bishop Museum - Honolulu New Science Adventure Center Includes tank showing

generation of storm and tsunami waves

Seismic Tsunami Storm Waves Landslide Tsunami

Thank-you!Thank-you!

Documents

Development of Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE)