Development of Innovative Products Based on Recycled

NUKLIR UNTUK INDONESIA BERDAYA SAING DAN SEJAHTERANUKLIR UNTUK INDONESIA BERDAYA SAING DAN SEJAHTERA

Development of Innovative Products Based on Recycled Plastics Using Nuclear Technology

@EU-ASEAN Webinar SeriesWebinar Series 6: Promoting Sound and Green Technologies for Plastic Waste Management

EU-ASEAN Dialogue on GreenTech & Innovation Mapping: Green Technologies for Plastic Value Chain Management29 July 2021

NUKLIR UNTUK INDONESIA BERDAYA SAING DAN SEJAHTERA

NATIONAL NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY OF INDONESIA, (BATAN)

Centre of Isotopes and Radiation Application


CollaboratingCentre

Expert Missions

Training

Research &Development

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

R&D

3


Six Department:Nuclear Sciences & Applications (NA)Nuclear Energy (NE)Nuclear Safety and Security (NS) Safeguards (SG)Management (MT) Technical Cooperation (TC)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Making cleaner wateraccessible to more people

Water ResourcesUnderstanding and protecting the environment

EnvironmentPromoting food securityand sustainable agricultural development

Food & AgricultureImproving the diagnosisand treatment of diseases and nutrition

Human HealthProviding knowledge andexpertise for science andindustry

Science & Industry

Non-power nuclear

applications in NA


Nuclear Technology and Application in Industry

Nuclear technology can be used to modify and analyze materials, which brings benefits to both scientific research and commercial applications. The IAEA support its Member States in this area with training as well as research and development activities.

Nuclear technology and applications/Industry/Material/Industrial

application/Material modification

5


Irradiation is the process when an object is exposed to ionizing radiation.

The facility for irradiating is called an irradiator

Gamma-Irradiator

ILU-10 in Kaitech university,Korea

Centre of Radiation Technologies in Budker Institute

Electron Accelerator (Electron beam machine)


Distribution of industrial accelerators

Confidential

Country Application Accelerator Type Energy Range Number of Machines

China Wire/Cable/Materials DC and CW 1-5 450

Sterilization and food LINAC and Rhodotrons 10 100

South Asia Wire/Cable/Materials DC and CW 1-5 100

Sterilization and food LINAC and Rhodotron 10 40

Europe Wire/Cable/Materials DC and CW 1-5 50


Americas Wire/Cable/Materials DC and CW 1-5 100


TOTAL Approximately1000

Sumber: David Brown, MEVEX, Virtual Workshop on Radiation Technology for Industry and Environment , 19-21 April 2021


POLYMER IRRADIATION PRODUCT


NUclear TEchnology for Controlling PlasticPollution

Upstream-Downstream

Source: Webinar Atom for Peace & Development:Down-to-Earth Diplomacy on Nuclear Applications in Supporting National Food SecurityVienna, 24 March, 2021


Upstream component: Plastic

recycling usingradiation technology

(RAS1024 àongoing)

Downstream component: Marine

monitoring of microplastics using

isotopic tracingtechniques

(RAS2021001 àupcoming)


Upstream component: Plastic recycling using radiation technology

Recycling with irradiationUsing gamma and electron beam radiation technologies as a complement to traditional mechanical and chemical recycling methods, certain types of plastic waste can be modified and therefore reused or recycled.These technologies can complement existing recycling methods to:● Sort mechanically treated plastic waste according to polymer type.● Breakdown plastic polymers into smaller components to be used as raw materials for new

plastic products.● Treat plastic so that it can be amalgamated with other material to make more durable

products.● Convert plastic into fuel and feedstocks through radiolysis (irradiation + chemical recycling).


CIRCULAR ECONOMY: REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, REMANUFACTURE = ZERO WASTE


PROFILE OF PLASTICS CONSUMPTION

PP31%

PE34%

PC2%

PET12%

PVC11%

ABS3% PS

7%

Electrical ComponentsCompact Disk

Building/Constructions Material

Plastic BottleFiber

Food Packaging

PipeConstructions

Synthetic Leather

Automotive, Electronic

Food PackagingCup drinking

Food PackagingTraditional PackagePipeAgriculture


~ 1.7 MMT Recycled Plastics

1.0 MMT POTENTIAL

Recycled Plastics

2.7 MMT Plastics Waste

Plastic waste is recycled annually

Sources:https://katadata.co.id/timpublikasikatadata/infografik/5e9a4c4a336e0/menuju-indonesia-peduli-sampah


BIOMASS PRODUCTIONOil palm empty bunches: 9,863,235 Tones (2018)


The quality of air, soil and water has been

decreased

The environment becomes damaged

Human productivity decreased High health

costs

Human health is compromised

Endanger wildlife

Wildlife species are threatened

Economics values decreased

State foreign exchange decreased

Tourism attractiveness

decreased

Plastics waste pollution

Littering The use of single use plastics is plentiful

Poor waste management

Lack of awareness

Plastics are cheap and attractive

There is no integrated regulation

PROBLEM TREE

MAIN PROBMEM

CAUSES

EFFECTS

Lack of knowledge about plastic


The quality of air, soil and water has been

increased

The sustainable environment is achieved

Human productivity increased Reduced

health costs

Human health is maintained

No harm to wildlife

Wildlife species are preserved

Economics values increased

State foreign exchange increased

Tourism attractiveness

increased

Plastic waste recycling

No littering The use of single use plastics is restricted

Good waste management

High awareness Crisis raw material of Plastics/ (Limited

petroleum)

Integrated regulation is

available

OBJECTIVE TREE

OBJECTIVE

MEANS

END

knowledge about plastic improved


To develop wood plastics composite (WPC) generated from PE/PP recycled which reinforced with biomass by using radiation processing

MOTIVATION

Decking

Cladding

Railing

Tile

Fencing

http://www.hosungdeck.com/products/


Simple

No need chemical initiator

Conducted in Room Temperature

Material Modification by Using Radiation Technology

Reutilizing and Recycling

Polymeric Waste through

Radiation Modification for

the Production of Industrial Goods

(RAS1024)

Recycling of polymer waste

for structural and non-structural materials by

using ionizing radiation

(CRP2276)

National TC Projects of “The Role of Radiation

in Mitigating Plastic Waste”

(Proposed)

19

Capacity building: Manpower and Infrastructure(Training Course, Fellowship, Expert Mission,

Workshop, Scientific Visit, Equipment, Chemicals)


Research Collaborator: BATAN, University of Indonesia (UI), Indonesia Recycler Association (ADUPI), IAEA, PT GRM-LATRADE.

Applied The Demand Driven Research Type.

Business Feasibility Study of Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC) with Nuclear Radiation Technology.


SWOT AnalysisStrength• The properties is better than conventional WPC

due to the application of nuclear radiation technology caused low maintenance

• The main raw materials are easily acquired and abundant in Indonesia

• Environmentally friendly product

Weakness• The limited production capacity due to the

capacity of the nuclear radiation equipment.• The production process may require highly

skilled labor

Opportunity• The products can be branded as green products

and can be marketed in the domestic market as well as in environmentally conscious countries.

• The products can help the reduction of plastic wastes.

Threat• There are already conventional WPC products

already in the market.• The use of nuclear technology may not be accepted

by the customers.• The current COVID-19 pandemic situation affects the

building, construction and automotive sectors severely, that may cause decreasing demand for wood and/or WPC products.


Bargaining power of suppliers• In terms of the main raw materials, the bargaining power of the suppliers is relatively low as the plastic waste and

empty bunches of oil palms are easily acquired.

Bargaining power of customers• Bargaining power of the customers is quite high as the customer has the option to choose the kind of material that they

want for their properties.

The threat of substitute products• The WPC with nuclear technology may be substituted by natural wood and conventional WPC. Therefore, the threat is

quite high.

Rivalry among existing competitors• Currently, there are several companies in Indonesia that already produce and market conventional WPC in Indonesia.

Therefore, the competition is quite tight.

The threat of new entrants• Entering the business of manufacturing WPC with nuclear technology requires a substantial amount of investment, and

therefore entering the business has a medium level of difficulty.

Porter Five Forces Analysis To identify the level of competition in the industry that will be entered by the business venture.

The market has a medium to high competitive level.


Product• The product is WPC with nuclear radiation technology. The product has the color and feature similar to natural wood,

but stronger and more durable that natural wood or conventional WPC as the nuclear radiation technology will strengthen the bonds between natural fiber (from empty bunches oil palms) and polyethylene (PE) (from plastic waste). In addition, the products also require low maintenance.

Price• The price may be lower than conventional WPC as conventional WPC use wood powder which price is higher than the

organic waste (oil palm empty bunches) that will be used in WPC with nuclear technology.

Place• As the first step, the products will be distributed directly to the customers (building and construction and automotive

companies). In the future the products can also be distributed through distributors and retailers.

Promotion• As the first step is more business to business (B2B), promotion will be done mainly by conducting personal selling. We

will send salesperson to make presentations regarding the products, and the relationships with customers will be maintained by an account representative. In addition, to end-customers’ awareness of the products, we will develop an informative and innovative web sites and join property exhibitions in Indonesia.

Marketing mix (4P)


Segmenting, Targeting, and Positioning

High Volume of Usage

Medium Volume of Usage

Low Volume of Usage

The building andconstructionsector

- Theautomotivesector

- Industrialandconsumergoods sector

- Others

(grandviewresearch.com, 2020).


The global market for WPC in 2019 was USD5170 million, and it is expected to grow

with CAGR 8.8% in the period of 2020-2025 and reach USD7247.6 million by 2025 (Markets and

Research.biz, 2020).

The global market size for construction sector in 2019 was about USD 12,744.4 billion (The businessresearchcompany.com), and the

construction sector in Indonesia contributes about 10.75% to the GDP in 2019 or about

USD285 billion (BPS, 2020), and the growth is expected to increase 2.1% in 2020 due project delays caused by COVID-19, but it expected to bounce back in 2021 (Fitch Solution Country

Risk and Industry Research, 2020).

Potential Demand

Based on these forecasts, we can assume the demand for WPC in Indonesia will increase as well. We can estimate the market size of WPC in Indonesia is about USD 115.6 million in 2019, which 70% of it or USD80.9 million is the market size of PE-based WPC.


Research Types


PT Latrade : Company of WPC in Batam(http://www.grm.latrade-batam.com/product/)

WPC Raw Materials

PVC, Pine Wood Flour, Additive


Products of PT. GRM Latrade


● Irradiated WPC based on PVC and pine wood flour (1 batch):

0; 50; 100; 200; 300; 500 kGy● Based on ASTM D790● 4 samples● Sample size: 200 x 30 x 4 mm● Span size: 64 mm● Load speed: 20 mm/min

29

Commercial WPC Flexural Test

NUKLIR UNTUK INDONESIA BERDAYA SAING DAN SEJAHTERA 30

Results: Flexural Test of Commercial WPC

Irradiation Dose (kGy)

0 50 100 200 300 500

BeforeTest

After Test

Graph

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

Unirradiated-1 Unirradiated-2 Unirradiated-3 Unirradiated-4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

50 kGy - 1 50 kGy - 2 50 kGy - 3 50 kGy - 4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

100 kGy - 1 100 kGy - 2 100 kGy - 3 100 kGy - 4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

200 kGy - 1 200 kGy - 2 200 kGy - 3 200 kGy - 4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

300 kGy - 1 300 kGy - 2 300 kGy - 3 300 kGy - 4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Stre

ss (M

Pa)

Strain (%)

500 kGy - 1 500 kGy - 2 500 kGy - 3 500 kGy - 4


0 100 200 300 400 500

20

25

30

35

40

Flex

ural

stre

ngth

(MP

a)

Irradiation (kGy)0 100 200 300 400 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Mod

ulus

of e

last

icity

in b

endi

ng (M

Pa)

Irradiation (kGy)

Effect of Irradiation Dose on Modulus of Elasticity in Bending

Effect of Irradiation Dose on Flexural Strength


R e s u l t s

0 100 200 300 400 500

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Flex

ural

stra

in (%

)

Irradiation (kGy)0 100 200 300 400 500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Flex

ural

stre

ss a

t bre

ak (M

Pa)

Irradiation (kGy)

Effect of Irradiation Dose on Flexural Strain

Effect of Irradiation Dose on Flexural Stress at Break


Substitution of the ingredient

Pine Wood Flour à Empty Fruit Bunches Flour/Cellulose/Nanocellulose

PVC à rPP/rPE

TMC à Compatibilizer derived from rPP/rPE

WORKING PRINCIPLEBiomass

Intermediate Product(Pellet)

Compatibilizer base on recycled plastics

Cellulose

Cellulose Nanocrystal(CNC;NFC)

rPE/rPP

AdditiveCompatibilizer

Biomass Compounding Extruder

Radiation Degradation

+

FinalProductMolding

Radiation Crosslinking

Radiation Copolymerization

Path 1. Radiation degradation of biomass

Path 2. Radiation crosslinking of PE within biomass

Path 3. Radiation copolymerization of PE within biomass


Documents

Development of Innovative Products Based on Recycled