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More Developed RegionsMore Developed Regions
Anglo-AmericaWestern EuropeEastern Europe
JapanSouth Pacific
Anglo-AmericaAnglo-America
Canada and the United StatesHDI = .9490% use English as their first language90% are ChristianWell endowed with minerals and natural
resourcesRemains the leading consumersLeading provider of high-tech services and
services that promote use of leisure time
Western EuropeWestern Europe
HDI = .93The diversity of language and religion has
been a source of conflict for many yearsCompetition caused WWI and WWIICompetition has dissolved since WWIIThe EU makes Western Europe the world’s
largest and richest marketNIRs are at or below zero, so population
growth is only because of immigration
Eastern EuropeEastern Europe
HDI = .80Eastern Europe is the only region that has
declined since 1990Legacy of Communist ruleIt is classified as developed because of its
tradition of development
JapanJapan
HDI = .94Unfavorable ratio of population to
resourcesHigh physiological densityFew raw materialsHow did it develop?
◦At first – abundant supply of labor willing to work for cheap
◦Once it had a foothold in the global economy, Japan began to make more high value goods
◦Concentrating resources and rigorous educational systems and training programs to create skilled labor
South PacificSouth Pacific
HDI = .87The South Pacific has a high HDI, but is
less central to the global economy because of its small population and peripheral location
The HDIs of Australia and New Zealand are comparable to other PEDs
Shared cultural characteristics with BritainExporters of food and resources to Britain,
and they are gaining increased ties with Japan and other Asian countries
Less Developed RegionsLess Developed Regions
Latin AmericaEast Asia
Middle EastSoutheast Asia
South AsiaSub-Saharan Africa
Latin AmericaLatin America
HDI = .80Most speak Spanish or Portuguese and are
Roman CatholicThey are more likely to live in urban areas
than people in other developing regionsOverall development is hindered by
inequitable income distributionOften, a handful of wealthy families
control much of the land and rent to individual farmers
Latin American governments encourage redistribution of lands, but do not want to alienate the large property owners
East AsiaEast Asia
HDI = .76The economy of East Asia, and the world,
is being driven by ChinaChina – the world’s second largest
economy, accounts for 1/3 of the world’s total economic growth
China’s GDP per capita has risen faster than any other country
China cont…China cont…
1949 – Communist beat the Nationalist, who flee to Taiwan
Communist changes – government control of land, assigning tasks, and distribution of food
Recent years – control has been loosenedOne Child Policy – China has a lower NIR, and
is able to focus on raising the standard of living
21st Century – manufacturing has increased dramatically
With rising wealth, the largest population is now the largest market for consumer goods
Middle EastMiddle East
HDI = .68Most is desert – products must be
importedMajor economic asset – the world’s largest
percentage of oil reservesEnjoys a trade surplusMany governments have access to plenty
of money
Despite Having Money, Why Despite Having Money, Why the Low HDI in the Middle the Low HDI in the Middle East?East?
Three main reasons:1. Lack of political freedom2. Low education and literacy rates3. Lack of opportunities for women
The gap between petroleum rich countries and those without causes tension
Challenge = to promote development without abandoning traditional cultural elements of Islam, the religion of more than 95% of the population
Tension in the Middle EastTension in the Middle East
Iran – dominated by Shiite Muslims, has encouraged revolutions elsewhere in the region
Most Middle Eastern states refuse to recognize Israel
Terrorism – very few endorse these actsAlternatives are sought to U.S. influenced
culture and development
Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
HDI = .58Indonesia – SE Asia’s most populous
country, contains 13,667 islands◦2/3 of the population lives on Java
Other populous countries – Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines
Why SE Asia Has Limited Why SE Asia Has Limited DevelopmentDevelopment
A half century of nearly continuous warfare
Mountain ranges, active volcanoes, and frequent typhoons
Development has been rapid in – Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines due to cheap labor
Economic growth has slowed – funds for development have been invested unwisely or even stolen by corrupt officials
Southeast Asian countries have been forced to reform to attract foreign investors
South AsiaSouth Asia
HDI = .58India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,
Nepal, and BhutanHas the world’s second highest population
and the second lowest per capita incomeA beneficiary of the Green RevolutionClimate – monsoons are important!
India cont….India cont….
India has become the world’s fourth largest economy
The rate of growth is second only to ChinaIndia is now a major manufacturerA major service provider (call centers)
Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
HDI = .51Sub = under (submarine)Sub–Saharan Africa is Africa South of the
SaharaPopulation density is the lowestContains many resourcesWealth is comparable to other PINGs
Why isn’t Sub-Saharan Africa Why isn’t Sub-Saharan Africa developed?developed?
The world’s highest percentage of people living in poverty and suffering from poor health and low levels of education
Economic conditions have deteriorated in recent years
Legacy of the colonial eraMany landlocked statesPolitical IssuesBoundaries drawn without regard to ethnic
groups…..the led to conflictFundamental problem for many states =
the capacity of the land to feed its inhabitants