ETH

May 2015

DEVELOPMENT A NATIONAL RAIL

NETWORK: THE ISRAELI CASE

YORAM SHIFTANTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology

IsraelIsraelIsraelIsrael SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland

Population 7.1 M 8.1 M

Area 22,145 Sq. Km. 41,285 Sq. Km.

GDP per capita $19,500 $ 84,815

WORLD TRENDS REVIEW

PERCENTAGE OF TRAIN TRIPS(PASSENGER KM)

Source:

Israel estimated based on tax, census 1995, 2008 Weighted

OECD 2000 Data

7.1% 6.9% 7.2%

0.8%1.9%

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

9.0%

10.0%

OECD Average OECD SmallCountries

OECD HighPopulationCountries

Israel 2000 Israel 2010

Rail Modal Split (PKM) - Israel and OECD Countries

4.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Japan

Sw

itze

rland

Denm

ark

Luxem

bourg

Aust

ria

Kore

a (

Rep.

of)

Germ

any

UK

Belg

ium

Neth

erl

ands

Fra

nce

Cze

ch R

ep.

Fin

land

Spain

Port

ugal

Hungary

Cro

ati

a

Ukra

ine

Arg

enti

na

Taiw

an (

Chin

a)

Norw

ay

Italy

Bela

rus

Slo

vak R

ep.

Irela

nd

Slo

venia

Russ

ian F

ed.

India

Pola

nd

Isra

el

Bulg

ari

a

Est

onia

Sw

eden

Mongolia

Rom

ania

Monte

negro

Lit

huania

Mala

ysi

a

Chile

Gre

ece

Mold

ova

Serb

ia

Turk

menis

tan

Kaza

khst

an

Turk

ey

Chin

a

Annual

pass

engers

' ra

il t

rip p

er

capit

a

Annual Passengers' Rail Trips per Capita

RAIL TRIPS PER CAPITA

366

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Lu

xe

mb

ou

rg

Isr

ae

l

So

uth

Ko

rea

Ne

the

rla

nd

s

Be

lgiu

m

Slo

ve

nia

De

nm

ark

Po

rtu

ga

l

Sw

itze

rla

nd

Gre

ece

Re

pu

bli

c o

f Ir

ela

nd

Slo

va

kia

Cro

ati

a

Se

rbia

Au

stri

a

Bu

lga

ria

Un

ite

d K

ing

do

m

Ja

pa

n

Cze

ch R

ep

ub

lic

Hu

ng

ary

Eg

yp

t

Ita

ly

Tu

rke

y

Po

lan

d

Sp

ain

Ge

rma

ny

In

dia

Ira

n

Ro

ma

nia

Fra

nce

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Ch

ile

No

rwa

y

Fin

lan

d

Sw

ed

en

Ch

ina

So

uth

Afr

ica

Bra

zil

Arg

en

tin

a

Un

ite

d S

tate

s

Au

stra

lia

Ca

na

da

Ru

ssia

po

pu

lati

on

pe

r sq

km

pe

r k

m t

rack

* 1

00

0

Population density per km track

4.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Japan

Sw

itze

rland

Denm

ark

Luxem

bourg

Aust

ria

Kore

a (

Rep.

of)

Germ

any

UK

Belg

ium

Neth

erl

ands

Fra

nce

Cze

ch R

ep.

Fin

land

Spain

Port

ugal

Hungary

Cro

ati

a

Ukra

ine

Arg

enti

na

Taiw

an (

Chin

a)

Norw

ay

Italy

Bela

rus

Slo

vak R

ep.

Irela

nd

Slo

venia

Russ

ian F

ed.

India

Pola

nd

Isra

el

Bulg

ari

a

Est

onia

Sw

eden

Mongolia

Rom

ania

Monte

negro

Lit

huania

Mala

ysi

a

Chile

Gre

ece

Mold

ova

Serb

ia

Turk

menis

tan

Kaza

khst

an

Turk

ey

Chin

a

Annual

pass

engers

' ra

il t

rip p

er

capit

a

Annual Passengers' Rail Trips per Capita

The Initial Expansion General Expansion

Stabilization Network Reduction

AVERAGE INTER CITY TRAVEL TIMES IN MINUTESAVERAGE INTER CITY TRAVEL TIMES IN MINUTESAVERAGE INTER CITY TRAVEL TIMES IN MINUTESAVERAGE INTER CITY TRAVEL TIMES IN MINUTESAMSTERDAMAMSTERDAMAMSTERDAMAMSTERDAM----ROTTERDAMROTTERDAMROTTERDAMROTTERDAM

AMSTERDAMAMSTERDAMAMSTERDAMAMSTERDAM---- E INDHOVENEINDHOVENEINDHOVENEINDHOVEN

PopulationPopulationPopulationPopulation CityCityCityCity MetropolisMetropolisMetropolisMetropolis

Amsterdam 783,364 2,160,000

Rotterdam 603,425 1,300,000

Eindhoven 214,000 750,000

יציאות בשעת שיא בוקר 9

FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequencyAmsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam

RotterdamRotterdamRotterdamRotterdam

RotterdamRotterdamRotterdamRotterdam

Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam

Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam Amsterdam

EindhovenEindhovenEindhovenEindhoven

EindhovenEindhovenEindhovenEindhoven

AmsterdamAmsterdamAmsterdamAmsterdam

7-8 9 7 5 4

8-9 10 7 4 5

9-10 10 8 5 4

10-11 9 8 4 4

11-12 10 8 3 4

12-13 9 7 4 4

15-16 10 8 4 4

16-17 9 7 5 5

17-18 10 8 4 4

18-19 10 8 5 4

HSR PLANS - USA

� Trains that do not serve major cities were closed and the tracks were dismantled

� Emphasis was directed to the development of service level: Fast trains and frequency

� There are various models for developing Fast trains system. Swiss model / British System upgrade interurban speed of 200-225 kph and combined high frequency and frequent and convenient link to all the system seems most appropriate to Israel.

� Fast trains can divert passenger car and create new trips that were made earlier, thus expanding the range of choices and individual activities.

� Reducing travel time , improved access to stations , and increasing the frequency (time from door to door ) are the main factors for the success of the upgraded rail system

� High level of service can easily cause a split percentage higher than 50 % by rail and reduce private car use

CONCLUSIONS OF THE REVIEW

PROJECT CHALLENGES

AND GOALS

�Lack of investments in public transport

network infrastructure in Israel compared to

the developed world

�Low level of service (frequency, speed, coverage,

reliability)

�Low public transport usage

�Low integration

�Low vision in current plans

CHALLENGES FOR DEVELOPING THE

NATIONAL NETWORK

National GoalsNational GoalsNational GoalsNational Goals Plan GoalsPlan GoalsPlan GoalsPlan Goals Example indicesExample indicesExample indicesExample indices

Social justice

and

Strengthening

peripheral areas

• Accessibility to Tel Aviv

• Regional accessibility

• Metropolitan accessibility

– Population within X minutes to TA/ metropolitan center

– Accessibility indices by "peripheral" levels

– Accessibility Index by Socio –Economic levels

Economic

Growth and

efficiency

• Operational efficiency

• Reducing congestion

• Impact on economic

development

- Percent of trips on rail network– Investment cost per passenger – Operating cost coverage ratio– Travel time savings, safety and

network costs – Impact on employment

Quality of Life

and Environment

• Travel time savings

• Comfort / Reliability

• Safety / Environment

– Average travel time – Population coverage 5 km from station – Decrease in private car usage

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES

DIVISION OF THE STATE

ZONES

Name of spaceRegions'מס

1

Metropolitan

Areas

Metropolitan Jerusalem6

2Metropolitan Tel Aviv15

3Metropolitan Haifa10

4Metropolitan Be'er Sheva7

5

Regional

Areas

North5

6Hadera Merhav - Afula3

7Shfela Merhav2

8Eilat Merhav1

9Samaria2

Division to 51 zones - on the basis of spatial planning

� The Metropolitan areas

were divided according to

four rings

� Core: the central city each

what s Metropolitan

�Metropolitan Haifa Extended" in relation to the

definition of the CBS

DIVISION INTO RINGS

Core

Inner ring

Middle Ring

Outer ring

Merhavim

PERIPHERY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVEL

Unemployment

Rate

Socio-

economic level

Index of

periphery

Commuting to

Haifa

Commuting to

Tel Aviv

Commuting to

Beer Sheva

Commuting to

Jerusalem

משיכת נסיעות METROPOLITל

AN ים

TEL AVIV JERUSALEMHAIFABE'ER SHEVA

Trips Attracting Distribution 2040

THE PLAN

Separating the network into two sub-systems are clear:

National and regional

Regional network / suburban

Accessibility

Multiple stations

Frequency

Mobile equipment 140 kphMultiple Custom Doors urban

environment

And difficult topography

Clear interface stations

Rapid nationwide network

Speed

Comfort

Few stations

Fast mobile equipment

220 kph

And a few doors

OPERATIONAL CONCEPT OF THE

NETWORK - SPECIALIZED SERVICE

220 kph

Few stat ions

High Frequency

HIGH

SPEED

NETWORK

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Haifa

Be'er

Sheva

Hadera

Lehavim

נשרים

Airport

Kiryat Gat

Hadera

נשרים

BGA

Kiryat Gat

Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

Be'er Sheva

Haifa

Lehavim

HIGH

SPEED

AND LOCAL

NETWORK

HIERARCHY

OF SERVICE

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Haifa

Be'er

Sheva

Hadera

Lehavim

נשרים

Airport

Kiryat Gat

Ashkelon

DIRECT

COMMUTER

LINES

Tel Aviv

Hader

a

Ashkel

on

Tiberias

Be'er

Sheva

Beit

Shemesh

Haifa

Nahariy

a

Karmiel

Tel Aviv

Be'er

Sheva

Jerusale

m

NATIONAL

PLAN

REGIONAL

NETWORK

NORTH

Haifa

Hadera

Nahariya

Kiryat Shmona

Karmiel

Akko

Nazareth

Tiberias

Beit Shean

Afula

Carmel Beach

Nahariya

Beit Shean

Nazareth

Karmiel

Akko

Afula

כורדני

Hadera

Bay Lev

Tiberias

Kiryat Shmona

Achihud

304

301

305

307

308

Tzfat

320

321

322

ArabaSakhnin

323

324

Yiftah'el325

326

327

328

Tamra

Shefar'am

NETWORK

INTERCITY

BRT LINES

NATIONAL

PLAN

SUBURBAN

CENTER

NETWORK

Tel Aviv

Hadera

Modi'in

Ashkelon

Ashdod

Kfar Saba

Netanya

7.1% 6.9% 7.2%

0.8%1.9%

11.6%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

OECD Average OECD SmallCountries

OECD HighPopulationCountries

Israel 2000 Israel 2010 Plan 2040

Rail Modal Split (PKM) - Israel and OECD Countries

RAIL MODAL SPLIT

OECD 2000

Target 2040

TRAIN

MODAL

SPLIT ON

CORRIDORS

Jerusalem

North

Metropol

itan

Haifa

Hadera

Merhav -

Afula

Metropolitan

Tel Aviv

Shfela

Merhav

Metropolit

an Be'er

Sheva

Eilat

Merhav

23,900

21,600

19

,50

0

19

,00

0

20

,00

0

32

,00

0

* Numbers are rounded to hundreds

17

,80

0

1,4

00

2,0

00

17

,90

0

2040 : Average hour 9-6 by all modes

38%

42%

30%

33%

31%

40%

Plan BASE

Jerusalem- TA corridor

Train

Mass Transit

Bus

Public

Transport

Passengers

2040

Volume

Car

v/c

Jerusalem- TA

Train Passengers

Northern Region

2040 – 6-9 Avg.

Haifa-TAPublic

transport

passenger volume

Train

Mass Transit

Bus

2040 – 6-9 Avg.

Volume Passengers train

Central

2040 – 6-9 Avg.

60’

90’

60’

90’

BasePlan

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Haifa

Be'er

Sheva

Jerusalem

Tel Aviv

Haifa

Be'er

Sheva

Hadera

Karmiel

Arad

Yeruham

Ashkelon

Kiryat Shmona

צפת

Hadera

Arad

Yeruham

Ashkelon

Kiryat Shmona

צפתKarmiel

Access to the Tel Aviv (In vehicle travel time minutes)

SOCIAL JUSTICE AND

STRENGTHENING THE PERIPHERY

IndexTargetContinuing

TrendsPlan2040

% of Population within 60 minutes of Tel Aviv50%42%54%

% In the periphery within 90 minutes ride to the Tel Aviv 50%23%45%

% of low income population within 60 minutes ride to Tel Aviv50%34%52%

% of jobs within 90 minutes ride from low income population40%22%36%

% of jobs within 90 minutes ride from the periphery9%21%

% of population within 45 minutes ride from the nearest metropolitan

50%26%44%

IndexTargetContinuing

TrendsPlan2040

Percentage of passenger trips on rail network10%6%11%

Number of passengers on train network (million per year)180-240120255

Percentage of public transport usage on main corridors40%-50%32%40%

Operating costs cover ratio50-60%

Travel time savings

Infrastructure cost per passenger (NIS)50-7013080

% Of jobs within 60 minutes drive to the entire population25%17%25%

EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE ENVIRONMENT

IndexTargetContinuing

TrendsPlan2040

Average travel time on network (min)-37.033.0

Average waiting time on network (min)<7.57.85.2

Population coverage up to 5 km from rail station60-70%61%71%

Decrease in private car usage (Billions Veh-km)-10%51.749.0

THANKS YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION…