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Interest in technology entrepreneurship aimed at solving the most intractable of global problems in the developing world is at an all-time high. A vast number of education programs, especially in engineering- and design-related degree programs, focus on developing appropriate technology solutions to Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) challenges in sectors such as food, water, energy, health, education and global connectivity. For many years, funding organizations have underwritten such efforts, only to see successful technologies that ultimately failed in the adoption cycle. The global community has largely come to the conclusion that technologies often fail because of they were never turned into sustainable enterprises. The authors have significant experience creating ventures in a developing world context (Africa, Mexico, American Indian, etc.) and in developing for-credit and non-credit technology entrepreneurship curricula for sustainable development. This session will discuss their experiences and offer suggestions for implementing successful ventures and curricula.
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Building Entrepreneurial Curricula
for Sustainable Development
by Dan O’Neill
NCIIA Conference 2010Thursday, March 25, 2010
1© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
The Global Brand of Sustainability?
2© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
Props to Some Centers of Excellence
3© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship
ASU Integrated Innovation Model
Challenges/OpportunitiesResearch & Technology Dev
Technology Push
Market Pull
Innovation Stack
Industry Collaboration
Innovation PipelineLicensing Pathway
Venture Pathway
Education and Mentoring (Capstone Courses)
Intellectual Property Management
Venture AccelerationTechnology
Roadmapping
© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University
5© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University
GlobalResolve:The ASU Center for Global
Innovation
6
ASU Global
Resolve
Other Research Education
VentureAccelera-
tion
ASUSkySong
• Conferences• Journals• Exec Ed
• BOP Specific
• ENG Cap• GIE• Village
Energy
• Mentors• Edson• CIC• Etc.
“In Country”
University
Accelerator
Collaborative
Projects
Products
Value Net(Ventures)
20:1
© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University
Global Impact Entrepreneurship Course
• 3 Courses, Capstone
• Six Faculty• 2 Campuses• 4+ Majors• Six Teams• 2 Collaborators
KNUST (Ghana) TERI (India)• Next Year ITESM (Mexico) Others
7© Copyright 2010 Arizona State University
© Copyright 2009 Acara Institute 8
When Doing BOP Entrepreneurship• Consider
– The Differences– Purpose– Focus– Objectives– Transdisciplinarity– Global Collaboration– Methodology & Method– Curricula Implications– World View
9© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
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The Differences
South Non-white
PoorPopulation Growing
Appropriate TechnologySME/SGB
Micro Lending & Impact InvestingMillennium Development Goals
NorthWhiteRich
Population SlowingHi-Tech
Hi-Potential SUVenture Capital“Green” & QOL
“Bottom of the Pyramid”“Top of the Pyramid”• 90% of design resources
Two Worlds
• 2B < $2 / day• 1B lack water• 500MM 1-acre farmers
Sustainable DevelopmentSustainability
© Copyright 2007-2009, Arizona State University
Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger & PovertyGoal 2: Achieve Universal Primary EducationGoal 3: Promote Gender Equality & Empower
WomenGoal 4: Reduce Child MortalityGoal 5: Improve Maternal HealthGoal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other
DiseasesGoal 7: Ensure Environmental SustainabilityGoal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for
Development
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http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/goals/index.htm
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Social Entrepreneurship
12© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Source: Kramer, Mark (2005) Measuring Innovation: Evaluation in the Field of Social Entrepreneurship, Prepared for the Skoll Foundation by the Foundation Strategy, April 2005.
BOP I+E
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A social-justice movement that links the rich world and the poor, Oxford to a village in Rwanda, the movement that
links concern for the earth with respectful solidarity towards its poorest inhabitants, is our last great hope for a world marked
by less suffering and violence and premature death. It’s our last great hope for the generations to come, and for our
own children, privileged though they may be.
Source: Farmer, Paul (2009) Three Stories, Three Paradigms, and a Critique of Social Entrepreneurship, Innovations: Special Edition for the Skoll World Forum, 19-28.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
The Innovator’s Dilemma
14© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Source: Hart, Stuart L., Christensen, Clayton, M. (2002) The Great Leap: Driving Innovation From the Base of the Pyramid, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 51-56, Fall 2002.
Foundational Thinkers/Practitioners
15© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
2005 2007 2008
Plethora of Reports, Guides & Other Works
16© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Purpose, Objectives, Focus• Purpose:
– Research, Education, Service, Innovation, AOTA?
• Objectives– Aware Students, Innovations, Ventures?
• Focus– Application, Geography, Collaborators?
• Transdisciplinarity & Global Collaboration– Which Disciplines, Which Partners?– ***THE STATE OF THE ART*** 17© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr.
18© Copyright 2009 Bradley Rogers
Curricula ImplicationsBusiness Model
TopicEntrepreneurship Practice
Context Sustainability and Sustainable DevelopmentSocio-ecological context
Cultural contextImpact definition, triple bottom line thinking
Holistic value propositionSustainability indicators
Monitoring and evaluationFirst visit preparation
Rapid village appraisal and other analysis tools
Strategy Common challenges and mistakesIntroduction to social business, social
entrepreneurshipBusiness type overview: profit, non-profit, hybrid
Introduction to successful business modelsIntroduction to Impact Investing
Research and Development
IP rules in the Sustainable Development contextExtreme affordability and other major drivers
Product/service co-evolutionThe Design Revolution
IT in the Sustainable Development context
Marketing and Sales
Detailed discussion of emerging business modelsValue Network assembly
Local championsMicro-franchising
Socio-cultural effective marketing
19© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Business Model Topic
Entrepreneurship Practice
Competition and Competitive Advantage
Dimensional “Blue Ocean” Thinking at the BOP Best Available Charitable Option
Operations, Alliances and Management
Global manufacturing vs. appropriate technologyDetailed discussion of business type
Micro-franchisingMicro-financing plan
The role of Governments and NGO’s
Financials and Investment
Non-profit and hybrid financial statements More detailed review of impact investing
Packaging Ying-Yang investment dealsHow to pitch to an Impact Investor
Monitoring and Evaluation
Appropriate M&ELogic model
It’s the same.But different.
World View: The Ethno-Metaphysics of Sustainability Entrepreneurship
• AKA: Embrace your inner philosopher and anthropologist!!!
20© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr.
2005 2007 2008
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Prahalad’s 12 Keys to BOP Innovation
1. Price Performance2. Hybrids3. Scale of Operations4. Sustainable Development: Eco-Friendly5. Identifying Functionality: Different?6. Process Innovation7. Deskilling of Work8. Education of Customers9. Designing for Hostile Infrastructure10. Interfaces11. Distribution: Accessing the Customer12. Challenge Conventional Wisdom in Delivery
“…Why can’t we mobilize the investment capacity of large firms with the knowledge and commitment of NGOs and the communities that need help?...” C.K. Prahald
Source: Prahalad, C.K. (2005). The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profits. Philadelphia: Wharton School Publishing.
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Polak on Value Proposition• “The experience of IDE and other
organizations, such as KickStart, indicates that there are many products capable of earning a net return of 300% per year or more on the investment made to buy them by extremely poor customers.”
22© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Source: Polak, Paul (2008) Out of Poverty: What Works When Traditional Approaches Fail. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Yunus“To make the structure of capitalism
complete, we need to introduce another kind of business-one that
recognizes the multidimensional nature of human beings. If we
describe our existing companies as profit-maximizing businesses
(PMBs), the new kind of business might be called social business. Entrepreneurs will set up social
businesses not to achieve limited personal gain but to pursue specific
social goals.”
23© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Source: Yunus, Muhammad (2007) Creating a World Without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism. New York: Public Affairs.
Ethno-Metaphysical Positioning
24© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr. and the National Inventors and Investors Alliance
Individualist Collectivist
Impact First
Return First
Case Study: Light for Africa
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SociaLite
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
The Global Brand of Sustainability?
26© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
The Global Brand of Sustainability?
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OR?
© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
Thank You!!
Dan O’NeillDirector
Entrepreneurship & Research InitiativesASU SkySong
28© Copyright 2009 Gerald D. O’Neill, Jr
