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DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE FOR HOTEL DRIVERS

IN PRAWIROTAMAN YOGYAKARTA

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education

MUTIARA WIKJAYANTI

07202244139

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA

2012

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MOTTOS

The significant problems we have cannot be

solved at the same level of thinking with

which we created them

(Albert Enstein)

Live simply that others may simply live

(Mahatma Gandhi)

When you want something, the entire universe conspires in

helping you to achieve it

(The Alchemist)

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DEDICATIONS

This thesis is dedicated to:

My great Ibu and Bapak.

Thanks for your endless prayers, love, support.

My adored brother, M. Khrisna Putra.

Thanks for all my family in Magetan, Bulek, Om, Mbah, Deby, Adeng, love

you.

Last but not least for my friends whom I met for thesis guidance

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................... ii

RATIFICATION ............................................................................................. iii

PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................ iv

MOTTOS ....................................................................................................... v

DEDICATIONS .............................................................................................. vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................ vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ viii

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ xi

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... xii

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xiii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1

A. Background to the Problem ................................................................. 1

B. Identification of the Problems ............................................................. 2

C. Limitation of the Problems .................................................................. 4

D. Formulations of the Problem ............................................................... 5

E. Objectives of the Research .................................................................. 5

F. Significance of the Research .............................................................. 5

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 9

A. Theoretical Review ............................................................................ 7

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1. The Description of Hotel Driver’s Tasks ...................................... 7

2. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) ............................................ 8

3. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) .................................. 10

a. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) ............................. 10

b. Objective of CLT ..................................................................... 11

c. Principles of CLT .................................................................... 11

d. CLT view on language ............................................................. 13

e. Learning theory of CLT............................................................ 13

f. Typical activities of CLT ......................................................... 14

4. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) ........................................... 15

a. Second language acquired ....................................................... 15

b. Communicative competence .................................................... 17

5. Speaking ......................................................................................... 22

a. The definition of speaking ......................................................... 22

b. Teaching speaking ..................................................................... 24

6. Module ........................................................................................... 27

7. Task ................................................................................................ 30

B. Conceptual Framework ....................................................................... 33

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................... 38

A. Type of the Research .......................................................................... 35

B. Setting ................................................................................................ 36

C. Research Procedure .............................................................................. 36

1. Conducting a Needs Analysis ....................................................... 38

2. Writing the Course Grid and Writing the First Draft of Module .. 38

3. Getting Expert Validation ............................................................. 39

4. Writing the Second Draft .............................................................. 39

5. Trying Out the Module .................................................................. 39

6. Writing the Final Draft of Module ................................................ 40

D. Data Collection Techniques ................................................................ 40

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E. Data Collection Instruments .............................................................. 40

F. Data Analysis Techniques .................................................................. 44

G. Instrument Validity ............................................................................. 45

CHAPTER FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 57

A. Findings .............................................................................................. 46

1. Needs Anlaysis .............................................................................. 46

a. Target needs ............................................................................. 46

b. Learning needs ......................................................................... 51

2. The Course Grid and First Draft ................................................... 55

a. Course Grid of Module ............................................................. 55

b. First Draft of Module ............................................................... 56

3. Evaluation and Revision of the First Draft of Module ................. 60

a. Evaluation of the First Draft .................................................. 60

b. Revision of the First Draft ...................................................... 62

4. The Try Out of the Second Draft ................................................. 70

5. Evaluation and Revision of the Second Draft of Module ............. 74

a. Evaluation of the Second Draft ................................................ 74

b. Revision of the Second Draft .................................................. 81

6. The Final Draft ............................................................................. 82

B. Discussions ......................................................................................... 82

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 93

A. Conclusions ......................................................................................... 87

B. Suggestions ......................................................................................... 88

REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 90

APPENDICCES ............................................................................................... 93

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Pages

1. Communicative Competence ............................................................. 18 2. Components of Language Competence .............................................. 21 3. Module Component ............................................................................ 30 4. Task .................................................................................................... 31 5. Model X of a Course Design by Mauhara ......................................... 37 6. Research Procedures .......................................................................... 37

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LISTS OF TABLES

Table Pages

1. The Organization of the Needs Analysis Based on the Questionnaire

........................................................................................................... 41

2. The Organization of the Needs Analysis Based on Interview Guide 42

3. The Organization of the Expert Validation Questionnaire .............. 43

4. The Organization of the User Validation Questionnaire .................. 43

5. The Situations When English Is Used ............................................... 46

6. The Communication Ability of the Respondents .............................. 47

7. The Goal of Learning English ........................................................... 49

8. The Topics are Needed in the Target Situation ................................. 50

9. The Components of Module ............................................................. 51

10. The Input Speaking of Module ......................................................... 52

11. The Activities Speaking of Module .................................................. 52

12. Description of the Tasks Developed in First Draf: Unit 1 ................ 56

13. Description of the Tasks Developed in First Draf: Unit 2 ................ 58

14. Description of the Tasks Developed in First Draf: Unit 3 ................ 59

15. The Mean Score of the First Draft .................................................... 61

16. The Expert Response for the First Draft ........................................... 61

17. Description of the Tasks Developed in Second Draf: Unit 1 ............ 70

18. Description of the Tasks Developed in Second Draf: Unit 2 ............ 72

19. Description of the Tasks Developed in Second Draf: Unit 3 ........... 73

20. The Mean Score of the Second Draft ................................................ 75

21. Sub B. Warming up/permulaan ......................................................... 76

22. Sub C. Main Activity ........................................................................ 77

23. Sub D. Summary/Ringkasan ............................................................. 78

24. Sub E. Evaluation .............................................................................. 79

25. Sub F. Answer Key ........................................................................... 79

26. Sub G. Grafika/Lay out ..................................................................... 80

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LISTS OF APPENDICES

Appendices ................................................................................................. 92

1. Appendix 1 (Needs Analysis Questionnaire and Interview Guide) ...... 93

2. Appendix 2 (Needs Analysis Data Based on the Questionnaire) ............ 105

3. Appendix 3 (Interview Transcript) ........................................................... 110

4. Appendix 4 (Course Grid) ........................................................................ 115

5. Appendix 5 (Expert Validation Questionnaire) ....................................... 120

6. Appendix 6 (User Validation Questionnaire) ........................................... 127

7. Appendix 7 (Sample of User Try Out) ..................................................... 133

8. Appendix 8 (Letter of Permit) .................................................................. 134

9. Appendix 9 ( Module) .............................................................................. 135

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DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MODULE FOR HOTEL DIVERS

IN PRAWIROTAMAN YOGYAKARTA

By Mutiara Wikjayanti

07202244139

ABSTRACT

The objectives of the study were: 1) to identify hotel drivers’ needs in learning speaking; 2) to develop an appropriate English learning module to improve the hotel drivers’ speaking ability.

This study was research and development. The steps of this research were conducting needs analysis, writing the course grid, writing the first draft of module, getting expert validation, writing the second draft of the module, trying-out the module, and writing the final draft. The data of this research were qualitative and quantitative. The data were collected in three different times namely needs analysis, expert validation, and try out. The needs anlysis data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. The expert validation data were collected using an expert validation questionnaire. The try out data were collected using a user validation questionnaire. The qualitative data were analyzed qualitatively. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

In this research three units were designed. The topics of the units that were appropriate in the module were tourist attractions, souvenirs, and historical places. The components of each unit were objectives, warming-up, main activities, summary, evaluation, answer key and references. The content of the module represented hotel drivers’ need such as try to introduce them, give response, mastery new vocabulary, make conversation with friend, make English sentence by grammatical guidance, complete dialogue, give information and apologize when have mistake with others, describe job description, give information, advice, gratitude, service, giving clarification, to say goodbye, make comparison, learn grammatical sentence by using adjective and noun, learning vocabulary and practice dialogue, learning about using modal auxiliaries, to give suggestion, describing things, making complaint, apologize, giving explanation, learning grammatical sentence by using adjective and adverb to describe person or something. Quatitative data analysis results of the three units of the module indicate that the module was appropriate for hotel drivers, that have mean score ≤ 3 (mean score 3.51).