Developing and Developing and Implementing the Implementing the

CurriculumCurriculum

What, How, When, & for Whom?

Curriculum

Bring It ON!

Curricular Questions for Curricular Questions for P-12 Learning P-12 Learning ExperiencesExperiences: What planned learning What planned learning

experiences would you want experiences would you want for the students?for the students?

What would you want students What would you want students to learn outside/beyond the to learn outside/beyond the curriculum?curriculum?

What experiences would you What experiences would you want all students to have while want all students to have while at school?at school?

A. A. No single, agreed-upon definition of curriculum; definitions include:

Course of studyCourse of study Course contentCourse content Planned learning experiencesPlanned learning experiences Intended learning outcomes Intended learning outcomes

–– resultsresults of instruction rather of instruction rather thanthan meansmeans

All experiences students All experiences students have while at schoolhave while at school

B.B. Definition depends upon purposes and situation

C.C. Authors’ definition of curriculum:– ““the experiences both the experiences both plannedplanned and and unplannedunplanned, , that enhance (and that enhance (and sometimes impede) the sometimes impede) the education and growth of education and growth of students.students.””

D.D. Explicit curriculum- what a school intends to teach consists of:

goals, aims, goals, aims, learning learning objectives objectives

courses courses knowledge, knowledge,

skills, attitudes skills, attitudes to be acquiredto be acquired

E.E. Hidden curriculum – behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge of the culture of school unintentionally teaches students

F.F. Null curriculum – – learning experiences or curricula students do not experience

G.G.Extra-curriculum Extra-curriculum / Co-curriculum/ Co-curriculum - school-sponsored activities

H.H.MajorityMajority of of publicpublic - believes curriculum content should emphasize “basics” and computer literacy

Development of Development of school curriculum:school curriculum:

A.A. Tyler rationale: 1.1. Educational purposesEducational purposes??

2.2. Educational experiencesEducational experiences can be provided to attain can be provided to attain those purposes?those purposes?

3.3. Organization of Organization of experiencesexperiences??

4.4. Assessment of purposes Assessment of purposes attained?attained?

B.B. Two (2) dimensions of curriculum planning: target & time orientationtarget & time orientation

C.C.Emphasis on logic of the discipline:

Subject-Centered CurriculumSubject-Centered Curriculum

VersusVersus

Student-Centered CurriculumStudent-Centered Curriculum

D.D. Integrated curriculumIntegrated curriculum - draws from several subjects draws from several subjects areas, focuses on a theme or areas, focuses on a theme or concept rather than single concept rather than single subjectsubjectE.E. Inquiry-based Inquiry-based Curriculum Curriculum --instead of instead of learning isolated facts, learning isolated facts, integrate methods of inquiry integrate methods of inquiry common to the disciplinecommon to the discipline (Jerome Bruner)(Jerome Bruner)

F.F. Relevancy-Based Relevancy-Based CurriculumCurriculum

Responsive to social issues Responsive to social issues & significant changes in & significant changes in cultureculture

G.G. Core CurriculumCore Curriculum to to English ,History ,science, English ,History ,science, Language , math, PE, art, Language , math, PE, art, music historymusic historyH.H. Performance-Based Performance-Based

EducationEducation focuses on assessing focuses on assessing studentsstudents’’ masterymastery of a set of a set of rigorous learning goals of rigorous learning goals or outcomesor outcomes

Curricula - influenced by

various religious, political, and utilitarian agendas

Textbooks -“predominate in the schools”

Time Periods Affecting Time Periods Affecting CurriculaCurricula

ｨ 1620 - 1760

ｨ 1770 - 1860

ｨ 1860 - 1920

ｨ 1920 -Present

ReligiousBeliefs

Citizen-ship

VocationalGoals

HighStndrds &

EqualOpport.