Developing a Roy Adaptation Model Study

Developing a Roy Adaptation Model StudyDeveloping a Roy Adaptation Model Study

Jacqueline FawcettJacqueline Fawcett

Keville FredericksonKeville Frederickson

Using a Conceptual Model to Guide ResearchUsing a Conceptual Model to Guide Research

1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the 1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the content and research guidelines of the conceptual content and research guidelines of the conceptual model model

2. Review existing research guided by the conceptual 2. Review existing research guided by the conceptual modelmodel

3. Construct a conceptual-theoretical-empirical 3. Construct a conceptual-theoretical-empirical structurestructure

Using a Conceptual Model to Guide ResearchUsing a Conceptual Model to Guide Research

4. Clearly communicate the conceptual-theoretical-4. Clearly communicate the conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure in written proposals and study empirical structure in written proposals and study reportsreports

5. Conclude the report of research findings with an 5. Conclude the report of research findings with an evaluation of the empirical adequacy of the middle-evaluation of the empirical adequacy of the middle-range theory and the legitimacy of the conceptual range theory and the legitimacy of the conceptual modelmodel

Workshop ObjectivesWorkshop Objectives

1. Identify a RAM-based phenomenon that needs to be 1. Identify a RAM-based phenomenon that needs to be studiedstudied

2. Analyze the components of conceptual-theoretical-2. Analyze the components of conceptual-theoretical-empirical structures for RAM-based theory-generating empirical structures for RAM-based theory-generating

and theory-testing researchand theory-testing research

3. Develop a conceptual-theoretical-empirical 3. Develop a conceptual-theoretical-empirical structure for the study of a RAM-based phenomenonstructure for the study of a RAM-based phenomenon

Workshop Objective 1Workshop Objective 1

1. Identify a RAM-based phenomenon that needs to be 1. Identify a RAM-based phenomenon that needs to be studiedstudied

• Concepts of the RAMConcepts of the RAM

• Propositions of the RAMPropositions of the RAM

• Research guidelines for the RAMResearch guidelines for the RAM

Using a Conceptual Model to Guide Research: Step 1Using a Conceptual Model to Guide Research: Step 1

Environmental Stimuli

Focal Contextual

Residual

Coping Processes

RegulatorCognator

or

StabilizerInnovator

Modes of Adaptation

Physiological or

PhysicalSelf-Concept

orGroup Identity Role Function

Interdependence

Management ofStimuli


Purpose of the researchPurpose of the research

• Study of the phenomena encompassed by the Study of the phenomena encompassed by the Roy Adaptation Model requires both basic Roy Adaptation Model requires both basic nursing research and clinical nursing researchnursing research and clinical nursing research

Basic research--To understand and explain Basic research--To understand and explain people adapting within their life situationspeople adapting within their life situations

Clinical research--To develop and test Clinical research--To develop and test interventions and other strategies designed interventions and other strategies designed to enhance positive life processes and to enhance positive life processes and patternspatterns


Phenomena of interestPhenomena of interest

• Basic life processes and how nursing maintains Basic life processes and how nursing maintains or enhances adaptive responses or changes or enhances adaptive responses or changes ineffective responses to adaptive responsesineffective responses to adaptive responses

All concepts and propositions of the RAM are All concepts and propositions of the RAM are relevant phenomenarelevant phenomena


Problems to be studiedProblems to be studied

• Those stemming from the attempts made by the Those stemming from the attempts made by the human adaptive system to meet needs for:human adaptive system to meet needs for:

Physiological integrity - individualsPhysiological integrity - individuals Resource adequacy -groupsResource adequacy -groups Psychic and spiritual integrity - individualsPsychic and spiritual integrity - individuals Identity integrity - groupsIdentity integrity - groups Social integrity - individualsSocial integrity - individuals Role clarity - groupsRole clarity - groups Relational integrity -individuals and groupsRelational integrity -individuals and groups


Research participantsResearch participants

• Individuals or groups who are well or who have Individuals or groups who are well or who have acute or chronic medical conditionsacute or chronic medical conditions


Research methodsResearch methods

• Descriptive, correlational, and experimental Descriptive, correlational, and experimental research designs are neededresearch designs are needed

• Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection are appropriatecollection are appropriate

• Data can be gathered in any health care setting in Data can be gathered in any health care setting in which human adaptive systems are foundwhich human adaptive systems are found

• Research instruments should reflect the unique Research instruments should reflect the unique focus and intent of the RAM and may include the focus and intent of the RAM and may include the instruments directly derived from the RAM instruments directly derived from the RAM


Data analysisData analysis

• Data analysis techniques encompass qualitative Data analysis techniques encompass qualitative content analysis and nonparametric and parametric content analysis and nonparametric and parametric statistical procedures, with an emphasis on statistical procedures, with an emphasis on statistical techniques that facilitate analysis of statistical techniques that facilitate analysis of nonlinear and reciprocal relations nonlinear and reciprocal relations


ContributionsContributions

• Roy Adaptation Model–based research enhances Roy Adaptation Model–based research enhances understanding of the human adaptive system and understanding of the human adaptive system and the role of nursing intervention in the promotion of the role of nursing intervention in the promotion of adaptation adaptation


Review RAM based researchReview RAM based research

• CINAHL Electronic DatabaseCINAHL Electronic Database

Search termsSearch terms

Roy adaptation model and researchRoy adaptation model and research

Roy adaptation model and research and Roy adaptation model and research and [topic] [topic]


Review other relevant research literatureReview other relevant research literature

• Categorize studies using relevant RAM Categorize studies using relevant RAM concepts and propositionsconcepts and propositions

• CINAHL Electronic DatabaseCINAHL Electronic Database

Search termsSearch terms

[Topic] and research[Topic] and research

StimuliStimuli Coping Coping processesprocesses

Modes of Modes of adaptationadaptation

InterventionIntervention

Author, Author, datedate

Author, dateAuthor, date Author, dateAuthor, date Author, dateAuthor, date





CitationCitation DesignDesign SampleSample Instru-Instru-mentsments

FindingsFindings Study Study qualityquality

CommentsComments

StimuliStimuli

Coping Coping processesprocesses

Modes of Modes of adaptationadaptation

Interven-Interven-tiontion


2. Analyze the components of conceptual-2. Analyze the components of conceptual-theoretical-empirical (CTE) structures for RAM-theoretical-empirical (CTE) structures for RAM-based theory-generating and theory-testing based theory-generating and theory-testing researchresearch

• Components of CTE structures for researchComponents of CTE structures for research

• CTE structures for theory-generating researchCTE structures for theory-generating research

• CTE structures for theory-testing researchCTE structures for theory-testing research


Each study encompasses three major elements Each study encompasses three major elements that make up the conceptual-theoretical-empirical that make up the conceptual-theoretical-empirical (CTE) structure(CTE) structure

• The conceptual model - CThe conceptual model - C

• The middle-range theory - TThe middle-range theory - T

• The empirical research methods - EThe empirical research methods - E


Conceptual model (C)Conceptual model (C)

• A set of relatively abstract and general A set of relatively abstract and general concepts and propositions about human concepts and propositions about human beings, their environments, their health, and beings, their environments, their health, and nursing processesnursing processes


Middle-range theory (T)Middle-range theory (T)

• One or more relatively concrete and specific One or more relatively concrete and specific concepts and propositions about a concepts and propositions about a phenomenon identified by a conceptual modelphenomenon identified by a conceptual model


Empirical research methods (E)Empirical research methods (E)

• Research designResearch design• SampleSample• InstrumentsInstruments• Procedures for collecting data andProcedures for collecting data and

protecting participantsprotecting participants• Data analysis techniquesData analysis techniques


Descriptive theoriesDescriptive theories

Explanatory theoriesExplanatory theories

Predictive theoriesPredictive theories

Descriptive researchDescriptive research

Correlational researchCorrelational research

Experimental researchExperimental research

Types of Middle-Range Theories and ResearchTypes of Middle-Range Theories and Research


Construct the CTE structureConstruct the CTE structure

• Select the conceptual modelSelect the conceptual model

• Select the type of CTE structureSelect the type of CTE structure

Theory-generatingTheory-generating

Theory-testingTheory-testing


CTE Structures for Theory-Generating ResearchCTE Structures for Theory-Generating Research

• Inductive approachInductive approach

From conceptual model to empirical From conceptual model to empirical research methods to middle-range theoryresearch methods to middle-range theory

Conceptual ModelConcepts

Middle-Range TheoryConcepts

Empirical Research MethodsResearch Design

Sample InstrumentsProcedures Data Analysis Techniques

Theory-Generating Research


CTE Structures for Theory-Testing ResearchCTE Structures for Theory-Testing Research

• Deductive approachDeductive approach

From conceptual model to middle-range From conceptual model to middle-range theory to empirical research methodstheory to empirical research methods

Conceptual ModelConcepts

Empirical Research MethodsResearch Design

Sample InstrumentsProcedures Data Analysis Techniques

Middle-Range TheoryConcepts

Theory-TestingResearch


State the name of the conceptual modelState the name of the conceptual model

Provide an overview of the conceptual modelProvide an overview of the conceptual model

Discuss the conceptual model in sufficient breadth Discuss the conceptual model in sufficient breadth and depth so that the relation of the model to the and depth so that the relation of the model to the middle-range theory and the empirical research middle-range theory and the empirical research methods is clearmethods is clear


Identify the particular concepts and propositions of Identify the particular concepts and propositions of the conceptual model that are relevant for your the conceptual model that are relevant for your studystudy

Define the conceptual model conceptsDefine the conceptual model concepts


Draw a diagram of the CTE structureDraw a diagram of the CTE structure

Write a narrative description of the diagramWrite a narrative description of the diagram


State the linkages between the conceptual model State the linkages between the conceptual model concepts and propositions that are relevant for concepts and propositions that are relevant for your study and the empirical research methodsyour study and the empirical research methods


Theory-generating research Theory-generating research

• In keeping with the conceptual model, [name In keeping with the conceptual model, [name of qualitative research design] was usedof qualitative research design] was used


Theory-generating researchTheory-generating research

• Conceptual model conceptConceptual model concepta a guided the guided the construction of Interview Scheduleconstruction of Interview Schedulezz

• N N study participants will be asked to describe study participants will be asked to describe …..…..



• In keeping with the conceptual model, data were In keeping with the conceptual model, data were collected [explain the where, when, and who of collected [explain the where, when, and who of data collection]data collection]

• Each participant signed an informed consent formEach participant signed an informed consent form

• In keeping with the conceptual model, the data In keeping with the conceptual model, the data will be analyzed using Interpretative Methodwill be analyzed using Interpretative Methodyy. .



• State the linkages between the empirical State the linkages between the empirical research methods and the middle-range theory research methods and the middle-range theory concept(s) and proposition(s).concept(s) and proposition(s).



• Analysis of the data obtained from the Analysis of the data obtained from the NN study study participants who responded to Interview participants who responded to Interview ScheduleSchedulezz revealed the Middle-Range Theory of revealed the Middle-Range Theory of X.X.

• The Middle-Range Theory of X is made up of The Middle-Range Theory of X is made up of nn concepts: Conceptconcepts: Conceptaa, Concept, Conceptbb, …Concept, …Conceptnn..



• ConceptConceptaa is defined as …. is defined as ….

• ConceptConceptbb is defined as …. is defined as ….

• ConceptConceptnn is defined as …. is defined as ….

Roy’s Adaptation Model

Modes ofAdaptation

Responses toCesarean Birth

Descriptive qualitative designWomen having planned or unplanned cesarean birth

CBEQ, BDSNaturalistic setting Cross-sectionalContent analysis Descriptive statistics

Example ofTheory-Generating

Research


Theory-testing researchTheory-testing research

• State the linkages between the conceptual State the linkages between the conceptual model concepts and propositions that are model concepts and propositions that are relevant for your study and the middle-range relevant for your study and the middle-range theory concepts and propositions. theory concepts and propositions.



• Conceptual model conceptConceptual model conceptAA is represented by is represented by theory concepttheory conceptaa. Conceptual model concept. Conceptual model conceptBB is is represented by theory conceptrepresented by theory conceptbb. …Conceptual . …Conceptual model conceptmodel conceptNN is represented by theory is represented by theory conceptconceptnn..



• ConceptConceptaa is defined as …. is defined as ….

• ConceptConceptbb is defined as …. is defined as ….

• ConceptConceptnn is defined as …. is defined as ….



• The conceptual model proposes that conceptThe conceptual model proposes that conceptAA and conceptand conceptBB are related. Therefore, the are related. Therefore, the middle-range theory asserts that theory middle-range theory asserts that theory conceptconceptaa is related to theory concept is related to theory conceptbb..



• State the linkages between the middle-range State the linkages between the middle-range theory concepts and the empirical research theory concepts and the empirical research methods.methods.



• Research design X will be used as the blueprint Research design X will be used as the blueprint for the studyfor the study

• Theory conceptTheory conceptaa will be measured by Empirical will be measured by Empirical IndicatorIndicatora’a’. Theory concept. Theory conceptbb will be measured will be measured by Empirical Indicatorby Empirical Indicatorb’b’. … Theory concept. … Theory conceptnn will will be measured by Empirical Indicatorbe measured by Empirical Indicatorn’n’..



• The sample will include The sample will include NN study participants. study participants.

• Data will be collected Data will be collected NN times by [whom] in times by [whom] in [what setting] [what setting]

• The data will be analyzed using Statistical The data will be analyzed using Statistical TechniqueTechniqueyy..

Type ofCesarean Birth

Perception ofthe Birth

Experience



Example of Theory-Testing Correlational Research

Roy’s Adaptation Model

EnvironmentalStimuli

Cognator CopingMechanism

Modes ofAdaptation

Type ofCesarean Birth

BDS

Perception of theBirth Experience

POBES


CBEQWomen having UPCB or PCB Correlational Statistics

Example of Theory-Testing Correlational Research


When the study is completed, comment on the When the study is completed, comment on the empirical adequacy of the middle-range theory empirical adequacy of the middle-range theory and the legitimacy of the conceptual model.and the legitimacy of the conceptual model.


Examples of application of CTE structures to RAM-Examples of application of CTE structures to RAM-based researchbased research

Develop new CTE structures for RAM-based Develop new CTE structures for RAM-based studies studies

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Developing a Roy Adaptation Model Study