Destinations:UsingTourismtoMakeBetterPlacestoLiveIn

EmeritusProfessorDrHaroldGoodwinResponsibleTourismPartnership

WTMResponsibleTourismAdvisorwww.haroldgoodwin.info

Tour Operator Inbound Operator Hotelier/Accommodation

Local/National

Government

AttractionManagers

National Parks/Heritage

LocalCommunity

TouristsTravellers

Holidaymakers

Taking and Exercising Responsibility

Economic, Social & Environmental

Principle of Sustainablity

WTO Global Code of Ethics

Taking responsibility

You cannot outsource responsibility ..

Whose responsibility? Everyone’s

Nobody’s

Whoseresponsibilityisit?Everybody’sandNobody’s

•  Hotelsandaccommodationowners•  Airlines&carhirecompanies•  Tourists•  Communities•  OverseasTourOperators/Organisers•  GroundHandlers/localagents•  GuideBookWritersandGuides•  NationalandLocalGovernment•  Police&Judiciaryetc

Thechallenge…..

•  tousetourismachievesustainabledevelopment•  sustainabledevelopmentthroughtourism•  theaspirationofResponsibleTourismistousetourismratherthantobeusedbyit.

•  Itisaboutwhatproducersandconsumersdo.•  Itisaboutwhatwedototackletheissueswhichmatterlocally

SirColinMarshallBritishAirways1994

Tourismandthetravelindustry“isessentiallytherentingoutforshort-termlets,ofotherpeople’senvironments,whetherthatisacoastline,acity,amountainrangeorarainforest.These‘products’mustbekeptfreshandunsulliednotjustforthenextday,butforeverytomorrow”

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OurholidaystheirhomesTourism is unusual in that consumers travel to the destination (the factory) to consume the product.

Much closer to the producers the workers

Opportunities for additional sales of goods and services: Complementary products

Culture&Tourism“Youreverydaylifeissomeoneelse’sadventure”

SwedishNGOfly-postinginLjubljana,Summer1997

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Successfultouristdestinations

•  offerthevisitorsomethingunique

•  theycreateasenseofplace,anidentitywhichisdifferentfromtheircompetitors….

•  notwocommunitiesareeverexactlythesame…

Whotoattract/invite?

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Pollutionfree?

ForFree?

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Thetragedyofthecommons•  Publicrealmgoodsare

–  Non-rival(light&view)–  NonexcludableButnowherehasinfinitecapacity?Touristbehavioursaffectcapacity.

•  “Thereinisthetragedy.Eachmanislockedintoasystemthatcompelshimtoincreasehisherdwithoutlimit-inaworldthatislimited.Ruinisthedestinationtowardwhichallmenrush,eachpursuinghisownbestinterestinasocietythatbelievesinthefreedomofthecommons.”

•  Hardin1968

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Itisnottourismuntilitissold

Peopledon’tbuylandscapesor“villagelife”

Themainattractionisthepublicrealm

Thepublicrealmisforfree–butitneedstobecleaned&maintained

Crowding

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Thetragedyofthecommons•  Publicrealmgoodsare

–  Non-rival(light&view)–  NonexcludableButnowherehasinfinitecapacity?Touristbehavioursaffectcapacity.

•  “Thereinisthetragedy.Eachmanislockedintoasystemthatcompelshimtoincreasehisherdwithoutlimit-inaworldthatislimited.Ruinisthedestinationtowardwhichallmenrush,eachpursuinghisownbestinterestinasocietythatbelievesinthefreedomofthecommons.”

•  Hardin1968

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SomePrinciples1.  Makingbetterplacestolivein2.  Focusonlocaleconomicbenefit&community

development–whereisitneededandforwhatpurpose?

3.  Oversupplyisbestavoided–matchsupplyanddemand[trophyhotels]

4.  Increaselengthofstay5.  Access=egress6.  SenseofPlace:distinctiveness7.  Managingovertourismisbestavoided–spread&

containinsacrificezones

Whomanages?

1.  Nobody?2.  Localauthorities3.  Protectedareas4.  Culturalorreligiousleaders/managers5.  Attractionowners

Veryoftennobody

•  BuildingControls•  Transport&roads•  Landuseplanning•  Planning

permission

Wholeofgovernmentapproach

•  Thedestinationispeopledandthepeoplearerepresentedbyelectedpoliticiansandgovernedthroughadministrativestructures

•  Promotionandmanagementorgovernancearebestseparated.

•  Everydepartmentofgovernmenthassomecapacitytoassistinmanagingtourism–crossgovernmentcommittees

Therealisationofbenefitsdependson

•  thecreationofemploymentatallskilllevelsandwherethereisexistingcapacity–wage/progression/additionalincome

•  theadditionalfacilities,restaurants,festivals,markets,attractionsandretail….;

•  theextentoflinkagestoexistinglocaleconomy-maximiselinkagesandminimiseleakages

•  Itisnotjustaboutthemoney:senseofpridegeneratedby“beingknown”

•  theextentoflocal/non-localownershipoftouristenterprises–smallscaleandlowrisk.

Beveryrealisticaboutdemand•  Destinations•  Sufficientlypowerfulto

attractpeopletotravel–magnets.

•  Marketsegmentation–  Dayexcursions–  Domesticorregionaltourists

–expatriates–  Internationaltouristsfrom

abroadandin-country

•  Attractions–  Magnets–  Complementaryand

incidentalexperiencesandservices•  Foodanddrink•  Markets•  Craftworkers(tailormade)•  Guidedvisitstofarmland,schools..

•  Music&storytelling

Makingbettertourism….

•  Accentuatingthepositive…•  Minimisingthenegative….

•  Buildingmeaning…..•  Positiveimpact,reducingrisk,improvingthebottomline

•  Creatingsustainablebusiness..

TakingResponsibility

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http://haroldgoodwin.info/links/http://responsibletourismpartnership.org