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Diversity and Therapeutic Management of Violence and

Aggression

The Spinney

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Objective

• Distinguish race, culture and ethnicity

• Highlight various statute laws surrounding diversity

• Racial and cultural issues surrounding patients with mental health problems

• Overview of different groups and implications

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What contributes to our social uniqueness?

• Characterised by • Determined by• Perceived as

Unique

Race Culture

Ethnicity

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Distinguishing Racial,Cultural & Ethnicity

CultureCulture

Behavioural attitudes

Behavioural attitudes

Up

bri

ng

ing

ch

oic

eU

pb

rin

gin

g c

ho

ice

Changeable

Changeable

RaceRace

Physical appearance

Physical appearance

Gen

etic

an

cest

ryG

enet

ic a

nce

stry

Permanent

Permanent

EthnicityEthnicity

Social Pressures

Social Pressures

Sen

se o

f B

elo

ng

ing

Sen

se o

f B

elo

ng

ing

Partially

changeable

Partially

changeable

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Statute law influencing diversity• Race Relations Acts• Equal Pay Act 1970• Sex Discrimination

Act 1975• Disability

Discrimination Act 1995

• Employment Equality Law 2003

• European Influence

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Why should we be concerned?

• Pharmacological influence on minority groups

• Racial and Cultural Issues survey (Tizzard Centre)

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Racial and Cultural Issues survey

• Diagnosed as schizophrenic• Compulsory detention under MHA

1983• Admitted as “offender patients”• Held under Section 136 MHA• Transferred to locked wards• Not referred for psychotherapy• Given high doses of medication• suffers with unmet needs

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Christianity

• Baptism to enter Christian faith• Various denominations slight

variations• Christmas and Easter main events• Some prefer not to eat meat on

Fridays• Need to attend church on Sundays

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Buddhism

• Observe 5 principles or Silas• Usually vegetarian• Fast 1st and 15th day of lunar

calendar• Believe in reincarnation• No worship as such however there

is meditation and chanting

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Hinduism

• Family is utmost important with different roles

• Women have a glass bangle at wedding

• Men have a sacred thread • Cows are sacred, pigs are unclean

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Islam

• Fasting• Forbidden food• Meat to halal (killed in a manner

prescribed by Islamic law• Modest dressing, nakedness is

shameful• Cleanliness utmost importance

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Sikhism

• Must have the 5 K`s1. Kesh (uncut hair)2. Kangha (wooden comb)3. Kara (steel bangle)4. Kirpan (symbolic dagger)5. Kaccha (undershorts)• Many vegetarian • Cleanliness utmost important

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African-Caribbean

• Great emphasis on importance of family

• May include role of providing own food

• Possible sickle cell anaemia• Possible hypertension• Prone to dry skin

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Bangladeshis/Pakistanis

• Majority Muslims• Higher incidences of TB• Increased risk of heart disease and

diabetes• Chewing pan (a mixture of betel

leaves and nuts when chewed becomes red)(Bangladeshis)

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Chinese

• Hold elders in high regard• Strong family obligations• Funerals and worship of ancestors

extremely important

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Rastafarianism

• May be unwilling to receive treatment

• Dreadlocks are a symbol of faith and a sign of black pride

• Modestly dressed• Taboo to wear second hand

clothing• All forms of pig forbidden

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Summary

• There are a variety of other groups that are not listed.

• This session meant as a learning process for all.

• Allow differences to work in your favour.

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