Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm

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Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm

Ultrashort Pulse Laser Materials Interaction Workshop

DIRECTED ENERGY PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY (DEPS)

9-28-06 L. Vaissié, T. Yilmaz, A. Stadler, D. Goldman, M. Farley, J. Lammers,

T. Saunders, K. Kim, D. Lijana, L. Collura, M. Mielke, & T. Booth

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UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers

Long Pulse or CW Lasers

USP Lasers

Metal ablation with femtosecond (right) vs.

nanosecond (left) ablation.

3


UltraShort Pulse (USP) Lasers

• Immense power in each pulse• Non-thermal, precision ablation • Little or no trauma/damage to remaining material• Ablates any material• Diagnostics, sensing, other non-ablative properties• One source, many uses

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Interesting capabilities, but impractical

Compelling Capabilities, but…

Experimentation and Exploration are DifficultRequires Ph.D.’s to operate and maintain

Very Expensive Impractical/Impossible to Deploy

5


Until Raydiance…

We took complicated apparatus and turned it into this:

• Pulse width: < 3 ps• M2 < 1.8• Average Power: 2.5 W

• Any room, 110 v outlet (800 W)• Pulse energy: 1 to 5 µJ • Wavelength: 1552.5 µm• Pulse rate: 25 kHz - 500 kHz

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Classic CPA Approach

1ns1ns~500 fs~500 fs 1ns1ns ~ 850fs~ 850fs5 5 JJ

ModelockedDiodeLaser

PulseStretcher

PulseCompressor

High PowerAmplifier

• Mostly fiber-based components• High power, dispersion and nonlinearity managed

miniature optical network

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Fiber & Integrated Hardware

• Use off-the-shelf fiber optics for seed & pre-amp stages• Team with strategic partners for subassemblies• Build what we can’t buy• There are constraints…• Peak power density very high in fiber

• Operation near damage threshold• Optical nonlinearities

• Novel fibers require special attention• Multimode effects• Parasitic energy losses due to high dopant levels

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Raydiance User Interface (UI)

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Desktop USP System Pulse Quality

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 300.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Normalized Intensity (a.u.)

Delay (ps)

Intensity Autocorrelation at 500 kHz, 5 J

FWHM = 1.4 ps

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 300.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Integrated Intensity (a.u.)

Delay (ps)

5% at -6.5 ps

95% at 7.1 ps

Area Under the Autocorrelation Curve

Intensity Autocorrelation Integrated Energy

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Further Signal Quality Data

1530 1540 1550 1560 1570-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Relative Intensity (dB)

Wavelength (nm)

ASE Peak at -26 dB

Optical Spectrum from Amplifier at 500 kHz, 5 J

Retrieved from FROG

E-field FWHM: 843 fs

AC FWHM: 1.3 ps

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Pulse Train Extinction Data

Δ < 0.05 dBHarmonic Amplitude

1

10

0

0 110

−⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎝

⎛Δ

⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡−=

dB

fF

Rext

kHzf

MHzF

500

20

0

0

==

Extinction Ratio, Rext> 35 dB

Raydiance High ER System

Sensitive Measurement through RF Spectra

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Raydiance Development Platform

• Disruptive USP capabilities• Compact, reliable and cost-effective• Intelligent laser makes USP easy to use; integrate• Liberates USP from specialized research labs• Application experts, not laser Ph.D.s• Practical to deploy


Applications ExamplesEarly Adopters Validating Vision

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U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Device Evaluation and Basic Research Under CRADA• Up and running 30 minutes out of packing crate• 150 days of intense exploration/experimentation• MD’s, not physicists (Johns Hopkins; U of MD)• Next generation LASIK• Novel cancer treatment approaches• DDS office of the future• Gene transfection• More experiments planned: immune response, arthritis treatment,

tattoo removal and many more

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Ophthalmic Experimentation

• Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins• #1 ophthalmic program in country

• Intrastromal refractive surgery (flapless Lasik)• Flap “lock down” designs and procedures• Corneal transplant/implant procedures

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Oncology Experimentation

• FDA Research Group• Effects of non-destructive irradiation• Three lines of malignant cancers• Various energy/rep rate levels• Two weeks of experimentation

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Human Malignant Glioblastoma growth characteristics relative to control - 72Hrs after laser exposure

Glioblastoma in DMEM/F12 growth medium + 10% FBS

115 mW/cm^2, λ = 1,552 nm, Pulse width = 2.93 Picosec.1J / pulse, Rep. Freq. = 25kHz, n = 4

0102030405060708090

100110120

Control 1.035 J /cm^ 2 4.95 J /cm^ 2 10 J /cm^ 2 25 J /cm^ 2 50 J /cm^ 2

% of Cell Proliferation relative to control

Darrell B. Tata, Ph.D.Darrell B. Tata, Ph.D.

A Few DaysOf

Experimentation

FasterTime-to-Invention

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Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab

Captive government lab – DoD applications• Up and running just like FDA system• Distance interrogation and detection of materials• Differentiate explosive, chemical and biological materials• Define power (distance) specifications• Evaluate feasibility for deployment for HLS and DoD• Also may collaborate on medical applications

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Army Institute of Surgical Research

Pioneer new clinical treatments/surgical approaches• Smart-Knife prototype• For treatment of profound burn trauma• Smart laser differentiates healthy from unhealthy/dead tissue• Rapidly ablate unhealthy tissue; leave healthy tissue• Less trauma, bleeding, better graft success

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J. Craig Venter Institute

1st to sequence the human genome• Gene transfection• Improve process in animal and plant transfection• Could have huge impact on bio-agra business• Could be critical to success of emerging synthetic biology

sector• For-profit enterprise spun out last year

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Other Projects

• Vaporizing tattoos• Acne and sun damage treatment• Pathology• Minimally-invasive (fiber optic) smart-surgery• Polymer and composite material processing• Sub-dermal ablation• Black silicon (solar energy)• And many others in discussion

Urethane acrylateKenji Takada, Osaka

Black silicon Eric Mazur, Harvard

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USP Technology Directions

Advanced R&D Goals 1552 nm System 1060 nm System

Pulse Duration 500 fs 250 fs

Pulse Energy 100 μJ 2.5 mJ

Average Power 10 W 100 W

Pulse Rate 100 kHz 40 kHz

Optical-to-Optical Efficiency 20% 25%

Dispersion Control Tunable p & Pulse Shaping Tunable p

Near Term Development, 1552 nm Application Developer’s Kit

Pulse rate range: 1 Hz to 500 kHz with constant energy, SW controlled

Shorter pulse duration: < 700 fs, SW maintained

Higher pulse energy: tunable, 1 to 10 μJ, SW controlled

Fiber delivery: revolutionary delivery of microjoule level pulses via optical fiber

SW linked into application equipment & firmware

Visual display of laser characteristics (autocorrelation, optical spectrum, etc.)

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Raydiance Bragg Fiber for USP

• Large diameter, hollow core to sustain high peak power without appreciable distortion

• Delivery of ultrashort laser pulses

• Temporal pulse compression for all-fiber CPA systems

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Bragg Fiber for High Energy, USP Delivery

0.1

1

10

100

JV?100um core

0.9 dB/m

JVT100um core0.96 shrink

2 dB/m

JVO90um core0.80 shrink5.5 dB/m

JVM85um core0.50 shrink37 dB/m

2006

July 05July 05

Loss (dB/m)

2005

Theoretical loss

-10 -5 0 5 100.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0.022

beam width

2 [mm

2] Beam profile from Bragg Fiber

A 0.00452 7.30848E-5B1 5.89994E-4 7.64952E-6B2 9.11369E-5 1.36948E-6M2 ~ 1.16

distance [mm]

1540 1550 1560 1570

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

intensity

wavelength [nm]

2.0W ref 2.0W

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Early Results

• USP light is versatile; potentially very disruptive• V1.0’s relatively low power level is enabling important uses right

out of gate• Ease of use, computer-control supports rapid experimentation• Developers/inventors beginning to stake claims

• Important discoveries• IP capture• Commercialization

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Product Roadmap Will Broaden Markets

• Increased Power• Near term – 10-25 μJ/pulse (on target)• Navy project – 2.5 mJ/pulse (on target)

• More features• User adjustable pulse duration• Broader rep rate ranges

• More software modules• Fiber beam delivery• Lower cost of goods initiatives to drive volume markets

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Commercialization – A Platform Play

VolumeProduction

Application powered by RaydianceAt market-enabling cost of goodsOwned by Application Developer

Production VersionDeveloper Platform

Invention & IP DevelopmentConcept ValidationRapid Prototyping

Documents

Desktop Ultra-Short Pulse Laser at 1552 nm