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© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company. © 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Designing and Optimizing Light
Protection Dairy Milk Packagingscience of pigments & oxygen barriers used in packaging
Dr. Cherie Stancik ([email protected])
The Chemours Company, Titanium Technologies Product Technology
Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, DE
Presentation for:
Milk Symposium: “Provide best tasting milk by protecting it from light”
University of Minnesota – St. Paul Campus
July 20 2017
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
3
Milk Qualities are Negatively Impacted by Light
NutritionHealthy
FreshnessStrong
RiboflavinVitamin D
Protein
Daily
Calcium
Youth
Restored
Calories
Athletic
Amino Acids
Vitamin A
Recommended
Growing
Vivacious
Full of life
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Photooxidation Chemistry in Milk
• It is well recognized that photooxidation is the cause of
many chemical changes to milk under light exposure.
• In one of the important reaction pathways:
– Light energy excites riboflavin (RF)
– Excited RF creates reactive O2
– Reactive O2 chemically interacts with RF and other species in milk
• The results of photooxidation include:
– Degradation of many milk nutrients & species
– Decline of sensory quality
3
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Packaging Can Help Preserve Milk Quality
4
Improved packages
can be designed to
protect nutrients
and sensory quality.
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Consumers are Interested in Protective Packaging
Target consumers drink and serve milk primarily for the nutritional value
Target consumers are interested in packaging that will protect milk nutrition
Chemours sponsored a consumer study in 2017 surveying US women age 18 - 64
13%
53%
63%
72%
Other
It's healthier than other beverages like soda or water
We like the taste
It's nutritious
INTEREST IN A PACKAGE
THAT PROTECTS
FRESHNESS
92%INTERESTED
8%NOT INTERESTED
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Chemours Light Protection Science Research
• Chemours recognized the opportunity to leverage technical
expertise in the interaction of light with materials to address the
need for light protection package design.
• The Chemours light protection science research program was
chartered with objectives to:
– Identify market opportunities for light protection packaging
– Develop methods to quantify light protection performance of packages
– Determine preferred light protection package designs to address market
needs
July 25, 2017 6
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect Quantifies Light Protection Performance
7
• Ti-Pure™ Protect measurement technology provides an intense
light exposure to a riboflavin (RF) solution shielded by a package.
• During the light exposure, changes to the riboflavin are tracked
and are used to determine a Light Protection Factor (LPF) for
the package.
light beamconditioned light source RF
RF analysis module
LPF determination
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
8
Light Protection Factor (LPF) is the Performance Metric
• LPF quantifies light protection performance of package material.
• Using LPF, targeted light protection performances can be achieved.
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Validation of Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF
Chemours validated the Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF to ensure its
robustness and relevancy to predict real world packaging
performance.
– Measurement System Analysis (MSA) was applied to ensure the
statistical robustness of the measurement.
9
– Assessment of nutrient retention and
sensory quality preservation was
conducted in collaboration with Virginia
Tech for a series of packages to
demonstrate correlation of these key
properties to Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF.
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Correlating Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF to Dairy Milk
• Packages of varying light protection were produced and several
bottles of each design were filled with UHT dairy milk (2% fat).
• Milk bottles were arranged in a fluorescently lit dairy case along with
foil wrapped light protected control packages.
• Milk was evaluated at intervals over the 1 month study for sensory
quality and RF nutrient preservation and both metrics showed
excellent correlation (R2 > 0.97) to Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF.
10
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignAllows screening of diverse light protection materials
• Our light protection measurement technology can be applied to a
broad variety of standard and unique package designs.
• Our method uses only a small sample of packaging material allowing
for evaluation before investing in package prototyping or fabrication.
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package Design
• We can use Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF measurement
technology to guide light protection design strategies.
• Our research program has explored many variables:
– Impact of modified atmospheres
– Result of turning on / off light exposure
– Influence of package aesthetics (e.g., color)
– Performance of packaging components (e.g., labels, caps)
July 25, 2017 12
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of modified atmosphere
• As oxygen is a necessary species for photooxidation,
considering the management of oxygen with packaging is
a potential strategy for mitigating changes.
13
O2
O2 (dissolved)
O2
O2O2 is present in the
package headspace,
dissolved in the milk
product, and can enter
the package from
surrounding air.
O2 (headspace)
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of modified atmosphere
14
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF experiment conditions were adjusted and
performed under modified atmospheres (MAP).
• While MAP may provide other benefits, alternate strategies are
needed for light protection of RF.
• Further, calculations show dissolved O2 is present in milk in
excess of RF.
light beamconditioned light source RF
RF analysis module
LPF determination
MAP
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of cycling light exposure
15
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF experiment conditions were adjusted and
performed while cycling the light exposure ON and OFF.
• The degradation of RF can be tracked during both the light on
and off conditions.
light beamconditioned light source RF
RF analysis module
LPF determination
conditioned light source RF
RF analysis module
LPF determination
Light ON
Light OFF
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of cycling light exposure
• When light exposure is stopped, RF degradation ceases.
• Limiting light exposure is an effective strategy for RF protection.
July 25, 2017 16
8’ ON; 1’ OFF; 1’ ON; 2’ OFF; 2’ ON; 3’ OFF; 3’ ON; 5’ OFF; 5’ ON; 2’ OFF; 8’ ON
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of cycling light exposure
• When only the light exposure ON time is considered the RF
decay curve is continuous following anticipated first order
decay reaction kinetics.
July 25, 2017 17
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignLimiting light exposure with Package Design
• Limiting light exposure in a milk package can be achieved
with proper design including consideration of:
– Package color
– Packaging components
July 25, 2017 18
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF can be used to guide and optimize materials
for light protection package design.
– Package material, color, and additives are variables to explore in package design.
– We have used designed experiments to explore targeted package design spaces.
19
TiO2wt%n
PY
19
1w
t%n
2.01.51.00.50.0
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
>
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
<
60 100
100 200
200
5
5 10
10 15
15 20
20 25
25 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
AvLPFhn
Contour Plot of AvLPFhn vs PY191wt%n, TiO2wt%n
Package Formulation Space Package Performance Space
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF
Ti-
Pu
re™
Pro
tec
t w
hit
e
Ti-Pure™ Protect yellow
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF has been used to evaluate and
screen multiple colors for dairy light protection
performance and preferred designs are available to our
customers.
20
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ligh
t P
rote
ctio
n In
crea
ses
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics – Mapping color performance
21
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package Design
Influence of package components
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF can be used to assess the
components of a light protection package design.– A single package may include many components such as a base
container, label, printed graphics, seal, closure, and window.
– These components may have different light protection performances.
22
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
23
Summary
• Milk nutrients and sensory quality are degraded with light
exposure and consumers are interested in protective
packaging
• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF is a new metric for package light
protection performance assessment and can be used for
package design
• Design of light protection materials for packages and
package components is possible with Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF
• A primary package constructed with light protection
materials is the best design strategy for protection
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
Acknowledgements
2424
Cherie Stancik, Denise Conner
Phil Niedenzu
Professor Susan Duncan & Group (Virginia Tech)Department of Food Science & Technology
Mike Milone Peter Jernakoff
© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.
For Additional Information on Ti-Pure™ Protect
• Please contact Chemours for further information:
– Dr. Cherie Stancik
302.683.8090
– Dr. Div Chopra
302.773.2583
• Please see technical literature for details:
– www.TiPureProtect.com
– http://doi.org/b9rf
25