Design Unit Test Review

Design UnitTest Review

Elements &Principles

What are the 5 Elements? Space Line Texture Form Color

Elements of Design:

Colour

p.407-425

Colour has symbolic differences from culture to cultureEurope & North America:

Brides wear white India & China: Brides

wear redAmerica: Black is for

mourningAfrica: Black symbolizes

strengthChina: Black indicates

joy

Colour

Colour & MoodColour influences how people feelIt can be used to create a certain

mood [ex: red may make you feel bold or excited]

Colour can make a room feel cool (blues & greens) or warm (reds & yellows)

The colours you choose will depend on how you use the room

Colour

Colour & Optical Illusions

Things appear closer with warm colour and farther with cool colours

Bold & bright colours will cause objects to stand out more than pale colours

Colour

The Colour Wheel: Primary Colours

Red, Yellow, Blue[colour “1” sections] Equal distance apart

on the colour wheelMixing other colours

cannot create primary colours

Colour

The Colour Wheel:Secondary Colours

Orange, Green, Violet

[colour “2” sections]Mixing equal parts

of 2 primary colours makes secondary colours

Colour

The Colour Wheel:Tertiary Colours

Created by combining a primary colour with a neighboring secondary colour

[colour “3” sections]

Colour

The Colour Wheel

Colour TermsHue: the specific name of a colourIntensity: the colour’s brightness or dullness

(primary colours are the most intense)Value: the amount of black or white in a

colourTint: when you add white to a colour to

lighten it (ex – red to pink)Shade: when you add black to a colour to

darken it (ex: blue to navy)

Colour

Hue

This is orange

Intensity

Less Intense

More intense

Colour

ValueTint Shade

BLUE

Add white Add Black

Colour

What are Neutrals? • They are not colors on the color wheel•Brown, black, white, beige, etc.

Colour

Colour SchemesSee handout & textbook (p.415) to complete colour schemes

Colour

The Impact of Colour:

• Cool colours (ex: blue, green, violet) give the illusion of distance• Warm colours (ex: red, orange, yellow) tend to make items advance• Contrasting colours (ex: red & green) make objects more defined

Click icon to add picture

Colour

What must be considered before deciding on a colour scheme?

p. 418-9

Colour

Things to consider when planning colour:

• Style of the room• Mood of the room• What effect do you want to create? Ask the client• How much time will be spent in the room

p. 418-9

Colour

Elements of Design

Element #2: Line

Line

Marks space Outlines form Conveys a sense of movement or

direction One dimension: length

Line

Lines can be… Vertical Diagonal Horizontal Curved

Our eyes will naturally follow the length of a line. Therefore, we use lines to create illusions or design effects in a space

Line

Vertical lines Create a sense of height

Create a sense of action

Line

Horizontal lines: Create a feeling of rest/relaxation

Can add length to a space

Line

Diagonal or zig zag lines:

Create a sense of excitement

Create a sense of movement or energy

Line

Curved lines: Create a sense of freedom Feel natural

Line

FORM

October 28th 2013

Function – what a form will be used for. Example, a beds function is a place to sleep

Aesthetic – the beauty, artistic impact, or appearance of a form

Form

Form may be two – dimensional having length and widthLike a wall

Like a window

Form

Form may also be three dimensional – having length, width and depth.

Like a coffee table

Form

Form follows Function,Function follows Form

The FORM of the object helps the FUNCTION of the object and because of the FUNCTION of the object, the FORM will be suited to that FUNCTION.

Easy Example: A Lazy Boy Chair

Form

+

The Elements of Design

SPACE

+ Element #1SPACE What is space? The three dimensional area designed by

a designer Examples: a room, a house, a

restaurant, a park, etc. A designer either fills or leaves a space

open

+Negative Space:

… not to be confused with bad or undesirable space The amount of unfilled space Space not taken up by furniture or objects A designer knows how much negative space is

needed to make a space look and feel comfortable

Elements of Design

Texture

Texture has to do with the look and feel that certain textural pieces invoke

Before you think, great this is going to be stupid consider some of the textures from your childhood

Everyone knows that colour plays a huge part in design but texture is also a large part, if it’s done right

Texture

TextureTexture is the

appearance or “feel” of the surface of an object.

This looks like rough bricks, however it is flat wallpaper

Brick or wallpaper?

Texture

Textures can be o physically touched (TACTILE

TEXTURE)o Experienced visually (VISUAL

TEXTURE)

You can often predict what a surface will feel like by looking at it, however certain printing techniques can fool the eye.

Texture

Texture & Effects

SMOOTH TEXTURES:•Appear lighter in

colour because they reflect light

•Attract attention

ROUGH TEXTURES:•Appear darker in

colour because they absorb light

•Objects may seem larger

Texture

ScaleBalanceProportionRhythmEmphasisUnity & Variety

Principles of Design

ScalePrinciples of Design

There are three ways to think about scale:

1. Human to objects scale2. Object to object scale3. Object(s) to space scale

Human Scale“Human scale refers to the relationship between the human body and its environment” – C. Colli

Interior spaces that are excessively large make us, the humans interacting with the space, feel small. Ex: an oversized hotel lobby.

On the contrary, spaces that are too small make us feel large. Ex: a small child’s playroom.

Scale

Objects/Forms to Space Finally, we must consider the scale

between the objects/forms to a space. Furniture can be too large for a space There can be too much furniture There can be too much “negative

space” There can be good scale of objects to

space!

Scale

The Principles of Design

Balance

Balance The design principle that provides a

feeling of equality It occurs when the amount, size or weight

of objects on both sides of a center point is equal or when groups of objects seem to be equal

The two main techniques for achieving balance are: Symmetrical balance or Formal balance Asymmetrical balance or Informal balance

Balance

Symmetrical Balance The arrangement of forms on one side of

an imaginary central line is the mirror image of the forms on the opposite side

Symmetry conveys dignity, quiet, and a feeling of rest and calm

Applying symmetrical design is a good place to start when first working with balance but if overused, it may have a monotonous appearance

Balance

Asymmetrical Balance Elements on either side of an imaginary

central line are unmatched, but appear to be in balance

Different sizes, forms, textures, and colors can be combined to achieve asymmetrical balance

Example, a round object can balance a square object of similar or apparently similar weight/size

Balance


Design rules for the elements

#1 Proportion The size relationships that can be

found within an object Proportions are expressed as ratios (2:3) This principle was developed by the

ancient Greeks. They discovered that some proportions are more pleasing than others

Proportion

For example, imagine an area rug. When you consider its proportions, you think about…

Pleasing Proportions continued… Unequal divisions of space are often

more appealing to the eye than equal divisions

How would you use a patterned throw to create unequal distribution?

Proportion

The Golden Section Ancient Greeks studied

proportion and developed the theory of the Golden Section

It is the division of a line between one-half and one-third of its total length

Ex. curtain tiebacks

Proportion

The Golden Rectangle Use this sequence to approximate a

golden rectangle: 2,3,5,8,13 (notice how each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers).

A rectangle with dimensions based on two consecutive numbers in the sequence – 3:5 or 8:13 – will be close to the ideal shape

Proportion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmaVqkR0ZXg


Principle:

What is Rhythm? It is the principle that suggests connected

movement between different parts of a design

It could be created with the elements: color, lines, forms, or textures

Rhythm can be referred to as continuity

It can add interest but if overused can create monotony

How is Rhythm Achieved?

RepetitionRadiation

Gradation

Opposition Transition

Repetition This is the most common form

of rhythm

It is the act of repeating. It can be a pattern A A A A or an alternating pattern such as A B A B of different elements

The repeating pattern leads the eye from one point to another

Radiation When lines radiate, or move

outward, from a central point

Gradation A gradual increasing or

decreasing of color, size, or pattern

Gradation causes the eye to follow the line created

Gradual changes in form is more pleasing than an abrupt one

Opposition When lines come

together to form right angles

Transition

When lines change direction by flowing in a curve, or when curved lines lead the eye from one object to another

S


Emphasis

Emphasis

We often use the terms center of interest and/or focal point to describe this principle

The emphasis should be on something that draws attention

It could be an object, a group of objects, color, etc.

The choice of emphasis is personal. It should be dominant but not overpower the rest of the space

Materials

Chapter 24Choosing

Backgrounds

What are Backgrounds?Floors, walls, ceilings, and windows

are the Backgrounds in interior design.

Choosing Backgrounds

Floors There are three types

of flooring: Hard Soft Resilient


Countertops There are many types of

countertop materials: Granite Marble Concrete Steel


Wall Finishes

There are many ways to finish walls in a home

Drywall Tile Plaster Concrete


Lighting

Chapter 27Choosing Lighting &

Accessories

Direct and IndirectDirect Light – shines on specific

areas

Indirect Light – is light reflected off of ceilings and walls. This light is diffused and softened

Choosing Lighting

LightingThree are three basic types of lighting

that work together: 1.Ambient (general lighting) 2.Task 3.Accent

Successful lighting will incorporate all 3


Lighting OptionsChoosing Lighting

Incandescent Light Bulbs Weaknesses Fluorescent Strengths Fibre Optics Notes Halogen Bulbs Weakness Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Strength

Without accessories, a room is sterile. An interior space needs to be more than just walls, floors, and ceiling. Here are some examples of accessories:

Choosing Accessories

Accessories

Accessorize

Choosing Accessories

http://www.pinterest.com/mrobin032009/home-interior-design-accessories/



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Design Unit Test Review