What are the 5 Elements? Space Line Texture Form Color
Slide 3
Elements of Design: Colour p.407-425
Slide 4
Colour has symbolic differences from culture to culture Europe
& North America: Brides wear white India & China: Brides
wear red America: Black is for mourning Africa: Black symbolizes
strength China: Black indicates joy
Slide 5
Colour & Mood Colour influences how people feel It can be
used to create a certain mood [ex: red may make you feel bold or
excited] Colour can make a room feel cool (blues & greens) or
warm (reds & yellows) The colours you choose will depend on how
you use the room
Slide 6
Colour & Optical Illusions Things appear closer with warm
colour and farther with cool colours Bold & bright colours will
cause objects to stand out more than pale colours
Slide 7
The Colour Wheel: Primary Colours Red, Yellow, Blue [colour 1
sections] Equal distance apart on the colour wheel Mixing other
colours cannot create primary colours
Slide 8
The Colour Wheel: Secondary Colours Orange, Green, Violet
[colour 2 sections] Mixing equal parts of 2 primary colours makes
secondary colours
Slide 9
The Colour Wheel: Tertiary Colours Created by combining a
primary colour with a neighboring secondary colour [colour 3
sections]
Slide 10
The Colour Wheel
Slide 11
Colour Terms Hue: the specific name of a colour Intensity: the
colours brightness or dullness (primary colours are the most
intense) Value: the amount of black or white in a colour Tint: when
you add white to a colour to lighten it (ex red to pink) Shade:
when you add black to a colour to darken it (ex: blue to navy)
Slide 12
Hue This is orange Intensity Less Intense More intense
Slide 13
Value Tint Shade BLUE Add whiteAdd Black
Slide 14
What are Neutrals? They are not colors on the color wheel
Brown, black, white, beige, etc.
Slide 15
Colour Schemes See handout & textbook (p.415) to complete
colour schemes
Slide 16
The Impact of Colour: Cool colours (ex: blue, green, violet)
give the illusion of distance Warm colours (ex: red, orange,
yellow) tend to make items advance Contrasting colours (ex: red
& green) make objects more defined
Slide 17
What must be considered before deciding on a colour scheme? p.
418-9
Slide 18
Things to consider when planning colour: Style of the room Mood
of the room What effect do you want to create? Ask the client How
much time will be spent in the room p. 418-9
Slide 19
Elements of Design Element #2: Line
Slide 20
Marks space Outlines form Conveys a sense of movement or
direction One dimension: length Line
Slide 21
Lines can be Vertical Diagonal Horizontal Curved Our eyes will
naturally follow the length of a line. Therefore, we use lines to
create illusions or design effects in a space
Slide 22
Vertical lines Create a sense of height Create a sense of
action
Slide 23
Horizontal lines: Create a feeling of rest/relaxation Can add
length to a space
Slide 24
Diagonal or zig zag lines: Create a sense of excitement Create
a sense of movement or energy
Slide 25
Curved lines: Create a sense of freedom Feel natural
Slide 26
FORM October 28 th 2013
Slide 27
Function what a form will be used for. Example, a beds function
is a place to sleep Aesthetic the beauty, artistic impact, or
appearance of a form
Slide 28
Form may be two dimensional having length and width Like a wall
Like a window
Slide 29
Form may also be three dimensional having length, width and
depth. Like a coffee table
Slide 30
Form follows Function, Function follows Form The FORM of the
object helps the FUNCTION of the object and because of the FUNCTION
of the object, the FORM will be suited to that FUNCTION. Easy
Example: A Lazy Boy Chair
Slide 31
+ The Elements of Design SPACE
Slide 32
+ Element #1 SPACE What is space? The three dimensional area
designed by a designer Examples: a room, a house, a restaurant, a
park, etc. A designer either fills or leaves a space open
Slide 33
+ Negative Space: not to be confused with bad or undesirable
space The amount of unfilled space Space not taken up by furniture
or objects A designer knows how much negative space is needed to
make a space look and feel comfortable
Slide 34
Texture
Slide 35
Texture has to do with the look and feel that certain textural
pieces invoke Before you think, great this is going to be stupid
consider some of the textures from your childhood Everyone knows
that colour plays a huge part in design but texture is also a large
part, if its done right
Slide 36
Texture Texture is the appearance or feel of the surface of an
object. This looks like rough bricks, however it is flat wallpaper
Brick or wallpaper?
Slide 37
Textures can be o physically touched (TACTILE TEXTURE) o
Experienced visually (VISUAL TEXTURE) You can often predict what a
surface will feel like by looking at it, however certain printing
techniques can fool the eye.
Slide 38
Texture & Effects SMOOTH TEXTURES: Appear lighter in colour
because they reflect light Attract attention ROUGH TEXTURES: Appear
darker in colour because they absorb light Objects may seem
larger
There are three ways to think about scale: 1. Human to objects
scale 2. Object to object scale 3. Object(s) to space scale
Slide 42
Human Scale Human scale refers to the relationship between the
human body and its environment C. Colli Interior spaces that are
excessively large make us, the humans interacting with the space,
feel small. Ex: an oversized hotel lobby. On the contrary, spaces
that are too small make us feel large. Ex: a small childs
playroom.
Slide 43
Objects/Forms to Space Finally, we must consider the scale
between the objects/forms to a space. Furniture can be too large
for a space There can be too much furniture There can be too much
negative space There can be good scale of objects to space!
Slide 44
The Principles of Design Balance
Slide 45
The design principle that provides a feeling of equality It
occurs when the amount, size or weight of objects on both sides of
a center point is equal or when groups of objects seem to be equal
The two main techniques for achieving balance are: Symmetrical
balance or Formal balance Asymmetrical balance or Informal
balance
Slide 46
Symmetrical Balance The arrangement of forms on one side of an
imaginary central line is the mirror image of the forms on the
opposite side Symmetry conveys dignity, quiet, and a feeling of
rest and calm Applying symmetrical design is a good place to start
when first working with balance but if overused, it may have a
monotonous appearance
Slide 47
Asymmetrical Balance Elements on either side of an imaginary
central line are unmatched, but appear to be in balance Different
sizes, forms, textures, and colors can be combined to achieve
asymmetrical balance Example, a round object can balance a square
object of similar or apparently similar weight/size
Slide 48
Slide 49
The Principles of Design Design rules for the elements
Slide 50
#1 Proportion The size relationships that can be found within
an object Proportions are expressed as ratios (2:3) This principle
was developed by the ancient Greeks. They discovered that some
proportions are more pleasing than others
Slide 51
Slide 52
Pleasing Proportions continued Unequal divisions of space are
often more appealing to the eye than equal divisions How would you
use a patterned throw to create unequal distribution?
Slide 53
The Golden Section Ancient Greeks studied proportion and
developed the theory of the Golden Section It is the division of a
line between one-half and one-third of its total length Ex. curtain
tiebacks
Slide 54
The Golden Rectangle Use this sequence to approximate a golden
rectangle: 2,3,5,8,13 (notice how each number is the sum of the two
preceding numbers). A rectangle with dimensions based on two
consecutive numbers in the sequence 3:5 or 8:13 will be close to
the ideal shape http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmaVqkR0ZXg
Slide 55
Principle:
Slide 56
What is Rhythm? It is the principle that suggests connected
movement between different parts of a design It could be created
with the elements: color, lines, forms, or textures Rhythm can be
referred to as continuity It can add interest but if overused can
create monotony
Slide 57
Slide 58
This is the most common form of rhythm It is the act of
repeating. It can be a pattern A A A A or an alternating pattern
such as A B A B of different elements The repeating pattern leads
the eye from one point to another
Slide 59
When lines radiate, or move outward, from a central point
Slide 60
Gradation A gradual increasing or decreasing of color, size, or
pattern Gradation causes the eye to follow the line created Gradual
changes in form is more pleasing than an abrupt one
Slide 61
When lines come together to form right angles
Slide 62
When lines change direction by flowing in a curve, or when
curved lines lead the eye from one object to another
Slide 63
The Principles of Design Emphasis
Slide 64
We often use the terms center of interest and/or focal point to
describe this principle The emphasis should be on something that
draws attention It could be an object, a group of objects, color,
etc. The choice of emphasis is personal. It should be dominant but
not overpower the rest of the space
Slide 65
Chapter 24 Choosing Backgrounds
Slide 66
What are Backgrounds? Floors, walls, ceilings, and windows are
the Backgrounds in interior design.
Slide 67
There are three types of flooring: - Hard - Soft -
Resilient
Slide 68
There are many types of countertop materials: - Granite -
Marble - Concrete - Steel
Slide 69
There are many ways to finish walls in a home - Drywall - Tile
- Plaster - Concrete
Slide 70
Chapter 27 Choosing Lighting & Accessories
Slide 71
Direct and Indirect Direct Light shines on specific areas
Indirect Light is light reflected off of ceilings and walls. This
light is diffused and softened
Without accessories, a room is sterile. An interior space needs
to be more than just walls, floors, and ceiling. Here are some
examples of accessories: