Design Project: Computing at the Edge CURIE Academy 2021

CURIE Academy 2021Design Project: Computing at the Edge

Christopher BattenSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Cornell University

https://www.csl.cornell.edu/curie2021

Computer Engineering The Internet of Things CURIE Design Project

ORIE CS EAS CEE AEP

CBE MSE BME MAE

Electrical and Computer Engineering

CURIE Academy 2021 Design Project Overview 2 / 35

• Computer Engineering • The Internet of Things CURIE Design Project

PowerSystems

ComputerEngineering

ElectricalCircuits

ElectricalDevices

SignalProcessing

Telecomm



ECE is the Study and Application ofElectricity, Micro-Electronics, and Electro-Magnetism

ECE

Power Systems

Computer Engineering

ElectricalCircuits

Electrical Devices

SignalProcessing

Telecomm

Bio-Electrical Engineering

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices

Opto-Electrical Devices

Fusion and Plasma Physics

Image, Audio, VideoProcessing

Information Theory

Smart Grid and Smart Buildings

Systems and Synthetic Biology

Atmospheric Science Control Theory

Robotics

Network Protocolsand Optimization

Analog and DigitalCircuits

Computer-AidedDesign



ECE is everywhere!

Data Centers

Solar Panels Medical Imaging

Portable Medical Devices

Internet Routers

Humanoid RobotsUnmanned Vehicles

GPS Devicesand Satellites

Electric andHybrid Vehicles

Fiber OpticNetworks

Automobiles

DigitalCameras

Computing: From Handhelds to Servers

GameConsoles



Cornell was founded because of ECE!

Samuel Morse invented thetelegraph (a digital communicationdevice), but needed help buildingthe network

Ezra Cornell built the firsttelegraph line (the beginning oftelecommunications), and investedin the Western Union Telegraph Co

"What hathGod wrought?"

Ezra Cornell’s investments created the fortunethat eventually enabled the founding of Cornell University



How important is ECE at Cornell?

(right) Photo from Cornell Chronicle




ECE

Power Systems


ElectricalCircuits

Electrical Devices

SignalProcessing

Telecomm

Bio-Electrical Engineering

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices

Opto-Electrical Devices

Fusion and Plasma Physics

Image, Audio, VideoProcessing

Information Theory

Smart Grid and Smart Buildings

Systems and Synthetic Biology

Atmospheric Science Control Theory

Robotics

Network Protocolsand Optimization

Analog and DigitalCircuits

Computer-AidedDesign



The Computer Systems Stack

Application

Magnetic compass can bridgethis gap in one step

Technology




In its broadest definition, computer engineering is thedevelopment of the abstraction/implementation layers that allow us to

execute information processing applications efficientlyusing available manufacturing technologies

Register-Transfer Level

Circuits

Devices

Instruction Set Architecture

Programming Language

Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Co

mp

ute

rE

ng

ine

eri

ng

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Technology





Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Co

mp

ute

rE

ng

ine

eri

ng

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Technology

Sort an array of numbers

2,6,3,8,4,5 -> 2,3,4,5,6,8

1. Find minimum number in array2. Move minimum number into output array3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until finished

Out-of-place selection sort algorithm

void sort( int b[], int a[], int n ) { for ( int idx, k = 0; k < n; k++ ) { int min = 100; for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) { if ( a[i] < min ) { min = a[i]; idx = i; } } b[k] = min; a[idx] = 100; }}

C implementation of selection sort





Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Co

mp

ute

rE

ng

ine

eri

ng

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Technology

Mac OS X, Windows, LinuxHandles low-level hardware management

int a = b + c;A[i] = a;

addu $t0, $t1, $t2sw $t0, 0($t3)

C CompilerTransform programs into assembly

blez $a2, donemove $a7, $zeroli $t4, 99move $a4, $a1li $a3, 99lw $a5, 0($a4)

MIPS32 Instruction SetInstructions that machine executes





Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Co

mp

ute

rE

ng

ine

eri

ng

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Technology

Silicon processtechnology

Si Si Si

SiSiSi

Transistors and wires

Combining devicesto do useful work

Boolean logic gatesand functions

How data flowsthrough system



Computer Systems: CS vs. EE vs. CE

In its broadest definition, computer engineering is thedevelopment of the abstraction/implementation layers that allow us to

execute information processing applications efficientlyusing available manufacturing technologies


CircuitsDevices


Programming LanguageAlgorithm

Microarchitecture

Com

pute

rEng

inee

ring

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Technology

TraditionalComputer Science

TraditionalElectrical Engineering

Computer Engineeringis the bridge betweenapplications & technology


Computer Engineering • The Internet of Things • CURIE Design Project

Talk Outline


The Internet of Things

CURIE Design Project



The “Traditional” Internet

Internetof

People

Human beings mustcollect, enter, publish, and analyze

almost all of the informationthat is transmitted over the Internet



Bell’s Law

Roughly every decade a new, smaller, lower priced computer class formsbased on a new programming platform resulting in entire new industries

103

104

105

106

107

108

102

Pri

ce

in

Do

lla

rs

1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 2010

G. Bell. "Bell's Law for the Birth and Death of Computer Classes."CACM, Jan 2008.

1990

Vo

lum

e i

n c

m3

2020 1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 20101990 2020

Y. Lee et al. "Modular 1mm3 Die-Stacked Sensing Platform ..."JSSC, Jan 2013.

104

106

108

102

100

107

105

103

101

Mainframes

Mainframes

Minicomputers

Minicomputers

Workstations

WorkstationsPersonalComputers

PersonalComputers

Laptops

LaptopsHandhelds

Handhelds

"Ultra"Embedded

"Ultra"Embedded

Supercomputers

ScalableClusters

CloudComputing

Internetof Things



Emerging Trend Towards an Internet of Things

Internetof

Things

Interconnected "things" augmented with inexpensiveembedded controllers, sensors, actuators tocollect information and interact with the world



IoT Example: Spending the Day Hiking



IoT Smart Home

Blinds ThermostatLighting Renewable Cameras

Irrigation MediaLocks Appliances Vehicles



IoT Early Disaster Warning System

Smart Buildings

Smart Bridges

Smart Tunnels

Adapted from “Inside Story: Superstructures,” The Economist, Dec 2010



IoT Wearable Health Monitor

Adapted from Maity et al., IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, July 2017



IoT Digital Agriculture

Cloud Storage

DronesSmartCollars

SmartCropSensors

AutomaticIrrigation &Fertilization

Self-DrivingVehicles

Adapted from https://www.iberdrola.com/innovation/smart-farming-precision-agriculture



IoT Cloud Analytics

IoTCloud

Analytics



Internet of Things + Computer Engineering

Internetof

Things

Field of computer engineering is well-situatedto serve as a foundation for students

interested in this emerging area

ComputerEngineering


Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Technology

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler


Computer Engineering The Internet of Things • CURIE Design Project •

Talk Outline


The Internet of Things

CURIE Design Project



CURIE Design Project Schedule

Monday Lab 1: Computer Engineering – Hardware PerspectiveAssemble basic logic gates to implement binary adder

Tuesday Lab 2: Computer Engineering – Software PerspectiveProgram microcontroller to implement “smart light”

Wednesday Begin Designing IoT System for Project

Thursday Design, Implement, and Test IoT System

Friday Test IoT System; Prepare Project PresentationFinal Presentations

Optional lab/office hours from 7:30–8:30pm



Lab 1: Computer Engineering – Hardware Perspective


Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Technology

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler

Scholars will assemble basic logic gates to implementa simple "calculator" for adding small binary numbers



Lab 2: Computer Engineering – Software Perspective

Scholars will incrementally program a microcontrollerin C++ to implement an IoT "smart light" system


Circuits

Devices



Algorithm

Microarchitecture

Technology

Application

Operating System

Gate Level

Compiler



CURIE IoT Design Projects

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

IoT Input Modules(sensors)

IoT Output Modules(displays,actuators)



CURIE IoT Input Modules

Light Temp & Humidity RotationButton

Soil Moisture Water RangeAcceleration



CURIE IoT Output Modules

LED Multi-Color LED 4-Digit DisplayBuzzer



CURIE IoT Smart Home

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

Light Temperature Range Multi-Color LED Buzzer



CURIE IoT Early Disaster Warning System

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

RotationWater Acceleration LED Buzzer



CURIE IoT Wearable Health Monitor

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

Acceleration Button Multi-Color LED 4-Digit Display



CURIE IoT Digital Agriculture

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

Temperature 4-Digit DisplaySoil Moisture Multi-Color LEDLight



CURIE IoT Dashboard

IoT OutputDevice

IoT InputDevice

IoTDashboard

IoTCloud

IoT Input Modules(sensors)

IoT Output Modules(displays,actuators)





Design Project Summary

I Lab 1: Computer Engineering from theHardware Perspective

I Lab 2: Computer Engineering from theSoftware Perspective

I Projects involve designing,implementing, and testing a simple IoTsystem inspired by real-worldapplications of IoT

Goal: Introduce CURIE scholars broadly tothe practice of engineering and morespecifically to computer engineering



CURIE Design Project Sponsors

Funding partiallyprovided by the

National ScienceFoundation through

NSF SHF Award#2008471

An equipment donationincluding ArgonInternet-of-Thing

devices was providedby Particle Industries

Funding and logisticspartially provided by

the Diversity Programsin Engineering Office


Documents

Design Project: Computing at the Edge CURIE Academy 2021