DESIGN PROCESS FOR SINGLE SEALS

THEORY AND PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

PRINCIPLES TO DETERMINE BINDER APPLICATION RATE

VOID LOSS DUE TO AGGREGATE WEAR

TEXTURE FORSKID RESISTANCE

MAXIMUM VOIDS TO BEFILLED

VOID LOSS DUE TOEMBEDMENT

TOTAL VOIDS

MINIMUMVOIDS TO BE FILLED

30 %

100

%

AL

D

DESIGN PARAMETERS• Elv (40 x heavy + light)• Embedment• Preferred texture depth• Adjustment

– cold to hot binder– slow traffic / gradients– climate– existing texture– preferred aggregate matrix

SEAL DESIGN

• Equivalent light vehicles (40 x heavy + light)

• Ball penetration (corrected for temperature)

• Preferred texture depth

NET COLD BINDER APPLICATION RATE

(MINIMUM & MAXIMUM)

BASIC INPUT PARAMETERS

E M B E D M E N T (m m )

0 0,5 1,0 1,5

0 - 1 mmCorrected Ball Penetration

20000

10000

5000

0

4

3

2,5

2

1,5

2,0

15000

25000

30000

35000

40000

SEAL DESIGN CHART (EXAMPLE)

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

NE

T C

OL

D B

IND

ER

(L

itr/

sq

.m)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

EMBEDMENT (mm)

Minimum Text. 1mm Text. 0.7mm Text. 0.5mm

9mm ALD

Note: Risk - Too much binder for target texture, yettoo little to prevent whip-off

min.max.1,23

SEAL DESIGN CHART (EXAMPLE)

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

NE

T C

OL

D B

IN

DE

R (L

itr/sq

.m

)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

EMBEDMENT (mm)

Minimum Text. 1mm Text. 0.7mm Text. 0.5mm

9mm ALD

Note: Risk - Too much binder for target texture, yettoo little to prevent whip-off

min.max.1,23

E M B E D M E N T (m m )

0 0,5 1,0 1,5

0 - 1 mmCorrected Ball Penetration

20000

10000

5000

0

4

3

2,5

2

1,5

2,0

15000

25000

30000

35000

40000

PRACTICAL ADJUSTMENTS

• Additional binder for existing coarse texture

• Reduction in binder for slow-moving vehicles

• Adjustment for specific climate

• Adjustment for preferred aggregate matrix

• Adjustment to hot application

HOT BINDER APPLICATION RATE

(MINIMUM & MAXIMUM)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

BINDER ADJUSTMENTFOR EXISTING SURFACE TEXTURE

REQUIRES

TREATMENT

TEXTURE 5000

Texture Depth (mm)

0.6 0.4 0.25 0.2 0.33 0.5

>10000

< 2000 ELV

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

0 2 4 6 8 10 GRADIENT (%)

BINDER ADJUSTMENTFOR STEEP GRADIENTS

DENSE SHOULDER -TO-SHOULDER MATRIX

OPEN SHOULDER-TO-SHOULDER MATRIX

THEORY AND PRINCIPLES

ADJUSTMENT FOR MOD BINDERS

• Lower embedment

• Orientation of aggregate

Design– use 1/2 embedment on design graphs– .... adjustment due to orientation based on Elv

and ring and ball softening point

ADJUSTMENT FOR MODIFIED BINDERS

• Aggregate matrix (Lower embedment)• Orientation of aggregate (More voids)Design

– use 1/2 embedment on design graphs– adjustments as for conventional binder seals– adjustment due to orientation, based on elv and

“ring and ball” softening point

DUE TO

E M B E D M E N T (m m )

0 0,5 1,0 1,5

0 - 1 mmCorrected Ball Penetration

20000

10000

5000

0

4

3

2,5

2

1,5

2,0

15000

25000

30000

35000

40000

H alf o f e m b ed m e nt .

USE OF DESIGN CHART FOR MODIFIED BINDERS