Design and ModelingDesign and Modeling

Ten-Stage Design ProcessTen-Stage Design Process

What Is Engineering Design?What Is Engineering Design?

““Engineering Design Engineering Design is the process of is the process of designing a system, designing a system, component, or component, or process to meet a process to meet a desired need.” desired need.” (Gomez et al 349)(Gomez et al 349)

Engineering Design cont.Engineering Design cont.

Continuous processContinuous process

Can be short and simple, or Can be short and simple, or

complex and in-depth processescomplex and in-depth processes

Used for:Used for: Ongoing manufacturing processesOngoing manufacturing processes One-time designsOne-time designs

Significant FactorsSignificant Factors

FunctionalityFunctionality

QualityQuality

SafetySafety

ErgonomicsErgonomics

AppearanceAppearance

Environmental Environmental ConsiderationsConsiderations

EconomicsEconomics

QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

http://www.enm.bris.ac.uk/research/nonlinear/tacoma/tacoma.html

Tacoma Narrows Bridge Disaster

Ten-Stage Design ProcessTen-Stage Design Process

Begins with appointment of project managerBegins with appointment of project manager Responsible for oversight of projectResponsible for oversight of project

Recruitment of team members of various Recruitment of team members of various backgrounds and expertisebackgrounds and expertise

Stage 1: Identify the Problem/ Stage 1: Identify the Problem/ Product InnovationProduct Innovation

Establish the ProblemEstablish the Problem

Identify information sources to understand Identify information sources to understand problem’s scope and natureproblem’s scope and nature

Develop a preliminary, formal problem Develop a preliminary, formal problem statementstatement

All correct issues and backgrounds have All correct issues and backgrounds have been exploredbeen explored

Stage 2: Define the Working Stage 2: Define the Working Criteria and GoalsCriteria and Goals

Establish preliminary Establish preliminary goalsgoals Act as focal points Act as focal points

throughout processthroughout process

Determine working Determine working criteriacriteria

Develop process Develop process goalsgoals Checkpoints for Checkpoints for

progressprogress

Example Working Example Working Criteria QuestionsCriteria Questions Costs?Costs? Production Difficulty?Production Difficulty? Size, Weight, Strength?Size, Weight, Strength? Appearance?Appearance? Ease of Use?Ease of Use? Safe to Use?Safe to Use? Legality Concerns?Legality Concerns? Reliable & Durable?Reliable & Durable?

Stage 3: Research & Gather DataStage 3: Research & Gather Data

All problem aspects explored with good, All problem aspects explored with good, reliable background informationreliable background information

What information is neededWhat information is needed

Best sources for informationBest sources for information

Organization is keyOrganization is key

Stage 3: What Info is Needed?Stage 3: What Info is Needed?

Published info on problem?Published info on problem? Availability of existing solution?Availability of existing solution? Who is providing info?Who is providing info?

Advantages and disadvantages to solution.Advantages and disadvantages to solution.

Costs?Costs? Significant issue?Significant issue? Ratio of time spent compared to overall costs.Ratio of time spent compared to overall costs.

Legal issues?Legal issues?

Environmental concerns considered?Environmental concerns considered?

Stage 3: Sources for InformationStage 3: Sources for Information

LibrariesLibrariesProfessional AssociationsProfessional AssociationsTrade Journals and Trade Journals and PublicationsPublicationsNewspapers and Newspapers and MagazinesMagazinesMarket Assessment Market Assessment SurveysSurveysGovernment PublicationsGovernment Publications

Patent Searches and Patent Searches and ListingsListings

((www.www.usptouspto..govgov))

Competition’s ProductsCompetition’s Products

Trade Journal

http://cronos.rutgers.edu/~weng/journals/jemt.html

Stage 4: Brainstorm and Stage 4: Brainstorm and Generate Creative IdeasGenerate Creative Ideas

Develop as many Develop as many creative solutions to creative solutions to the problem the problem addressed as addressed as possiblepossible

Consider all ideasConsider all ideas ““Dumb” ideas may Dumb” ideas may

lead to the final lead to the final solution!solution!

Example of Brainstorming

Stage 5: Analyze Potential SolutionsStage 5: Analyze Potential SolutionsPhase IPhase I

Generated ideas Generated ideas narrowed to few ideasnarrowed to few ideas Examine list and Examine list and

eliminate duplicateseliminate duplicatesSimilar ideas may Similar ideas may remain, but not remain, but not duplicateduplicate

Clarifying questions Clarifying questions offered by teamoffered by team Evaluation by voteEvaluation by vote

Stage 5: Analyze Potential SolutionsStage 5: Analyze Potential SolutionsPhase IIPhase II

Remaining ideas Remaining ideas analyzed thoroughly analyzed thoroughly and accuratelyand accurately

3 to 5 options should 3 to 5 options should remain after analysisremain after analysis

May have to start May have to start process overprocess over

Analyzing PossibilitiesAnalyzing Possibilities Common SenseCommon Sense Economic AnalysisEconomic Analysis EstimationEstimation Compatibility AnalysisCompatibility Analysis Computer Analysis Computer Analysis

TechniquesTechniques Conservative Conservative

AssumptionsAssumptions

Stage 6: Develop and Test ModelsStage 6: Develop and Test ModelsModelingModeling

Method of illustrating a solution to a Method of illustrating a solution to a practical problempractical problem

Types of ModelingTypes of Modeling DescriptiveDescriptive FunctionalFunctional MathematicalMathematical ComputerComputer

CAD Model

http://www.aerospaceboy.com/405/construction.htm

Stage 6: Develop and Test ModelsStage 6: Develop and Test ModelsTestingTesting

Allows for comparing Allows for comparing and evaluating and evaluating against established against established criteria and goalscriteria and goalsDone throughout a Done throughout a projectproject Early modelsEarly models PrototypesPrototypes QualityQuality

Computerized Stress Test

http://www.sgi.com/fun/gallery/

Stage 6: Develop and Test ModelsStage 6: Develop and Test ModelsTesting ExamplesTesting Examples

DurabilityDurability

Ease of AssemblyEase of Assembly

ReliabilityReliability

StrengthStrength

FunctionalityFunctionality

Environmental Environmental ConsiderationsConsiderations

Quality and Quality and consistencyconsistency

Nissan Primera Crash Test

http://www.crash-test.org/marques/resultat.php?mod=nispri_1997

Stage 7: Make the DecisionStage 7: Make the Decision

Team members establish a means to Team members establish a means to compare and evaluate results of testingcompare and evaluate results of testing

Working criteria will determine advantages Working criteria will determine advantages and disadvantages of possible solutionsand disadvantages of possible solutions

Develop a Decision Table to visualize Develop a Decision Table to visualize each solution’s meritseach solution’s merits

Stage 8: Communicate and SpecifyStage 8: Communicate and Specify

All information gathered reported to clientAll information gathered reported to client Detailed written reportsDetailed written reports Summaries of technical presentations/memosSummaries of technical presentations/memos Relevant e-mailsRelevant e-mails Diagrams, charts, graphsDiagrams, charts, graphs Drawings and sketchesDrawings and sketches Computer printoutsComputer printouts Relevant documented materialRelevant documented material

Last chance to make revisions/terminateLast chance to make revisions/terminate

Stage 9: Implement and Stage 9: Implement and CommercializeCommercialize

Project Manager and Team MembersProject Manager and Team Members

Management and Key PersonnelManagement and Key Personnel

Technical RepresentativesTechnical Representatives

Business RepresentativesBusiness Representatives

Attorneys and Legal Support StaffAttorneys and Legal Support Staff

Stage 10: Post-Implementation Stage 10: Post-Implementation Review and Assessment Review and Assessment

Project is probably in full Project is probably in full productionproduction

Team is terminated Team is terminated because task is completebecause task is complete

Product Performance Product Performance ReviewReview

Assessment Report Assessment Report detailing productdetailing product

Used as reference for Used as reference for future project managers future project managers and teamsand teams

Product Performance Product Performance ReviewReview

Data on production Data on production efficiencyefficiency

Quality Control ReportsQuality Control Reports Money IssuesMoney Issues

Assessment ReportAssessment Report Strengths & WeaknessesStrengths & Weaknesses Outline what has been Outline what has been

learnedlearned Suggest ways to improve Suggest ways to improve

process qualityprocess quality