Design and Fabrication -Mini Project

7/17/2019 Design and Fabrication -Mini Project

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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

SEMI-AUTOMATIC CIRCULAR PATH GAS

CUTTING

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

C.RAJESH KUMAR 91008144073

N.SANKAR 91008144086

M.SIA 91008144100

.SRIRAM AINASH 91008144103

Under the Guidance of

M!. T.RAMACHANDRAN" M.E #A$$%&'()* +!%,*$$%!

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI

APRIL 2011

1


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DECLARATION

.

I hereby declare ha he !"r# e$%led DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

SEMI-AUTOMATIC CIRCULAR PATH GAS CUTTING&%' '(b)%ed %$ *ar%al

+(l+%ll)e$ "+ he re,(%re)e$ +"r he a!ard "+ he de-ree %$ .E A$$a U$%/er'%y "+ Tech$"l"-y

T%r(ch%ra**all% %' a rec"rd "+ he )y "!$ !"r# carr%ed "( by )e d(r%$- he acade)%c year

2010 2011 ($der he '(*er/%'%"$ a$d -(%da$ce "+ M!.

T.RAMACHANDRAN"M.E#A$$%&'()* +!%,*$$%!" e*ar)e$ "+ 3echa$%cal

E$-%$eer%$- PSNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOG/.

The e4e$ a$d '"(rce "+ %$+"r)a%"$ are der%/ed +r") he e4%'%$- l%era(re a$d ha/e

bee$ %$d%caed hr"(-h he d%''era%"$ a he a**r"*r%ae *lace'. The )aer e)b"d%ed %$ h%'

!"r# %' "r%-%$al a$d ha' $" bee$ '(b)%ed +"r he a!ard "+ a$y "her de-ree "r d%*l")a e%her

%$ h%' "r a$y "her U$%/er'%y.

5S%-$a(re "+ he Ca$d%dae6

3.SIVA

71008199100

I cer%+y ha he declara%"$ )ade ab"/e by he ca$d%dae %' r(e

S%-$a(re "+ he G(%de

M!. T.RAMACHANDRAN" M.E

2


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BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Th%' %' " cer%+y ha he d%''era%"$ e$%led : DESIGN AND FABRICATION OFSEMI-AUTOMATIC CIRCULAR PATH GAS CUTTING& %' a b"$a+%de !"r# carr%ed "(

by M!.M.SIA" R*.N% 91008144100. ($der )y d%rec '(*er/%'%"$ a$d %' '(b)%ed %$

*ar%al +(l+%ll)e$ "+ he re,(%re)e$' +"r he a!ard "+ de-ree "+ achel"r "+ 3echa$%cal

E$-%$eer%$- %$ PSNA C"lle-e "+ E$-%$eer%$- a$d Tech$"l"-y" A$$a U$%/er'%y "+ Tech$"l"-y

T%r(ch%ra**all% T%r(ch%ra**all% ;20029. N" *ar "+ he d%''era%"$ ha' bee$ '(b)%ed +"r

a$y de-ree


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SERIAL NO TITLE PAGES

ABSTRACT 6

1 INTRODUCTION 8

1.1 *5' 10

1. G($ &))' 11

1.3 O: ($ &))' *;'+


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6 APPLICATIONS 34

7 LIST OF MATERIALS 3=

8 COST ESTIMATION 36

9 CONCLUSION 37

BIBLIOGRAPH/

PHOTOGRAPH/

?


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ABSTRACT

;


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ASTRACT

I$ h%' *r"@ec DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC CIRCULAR

PATH GAS CUTTING@)a%$ "b@ec%/e' %' " br%$- "( he %dea "+ )a#%$- c%rc(lar *ah c(%$-

%$ 'e)% a(")a%c )a$$er !%h"( )a$(al ha$dl%$-.

Ge$erally %$ c"$/e$%"$al !eld%$- y*e he c(%$- %' d"$e )a$(ally. A' % %' )a$(al

*r"ce'' he cha$ce +"r err"r %' h%-h )"re"/er he acc(racy %' le'' !h%ch lead' " )"re

"lera$ce. '%$ce %$ )%$(e c(%$- "*era%"$ % %' d%++%c(l " "ba%$ he de'%red "(*(.

Par%c(larly +"r c(%$- 'ha*e' he c"$/e$%"$al c(%$- )eh"d 'ee)' " )"re ed%"('.

Here %$ "(r *r"@ec !e '(--e' a $e! %dea " "/erc")e he d%++%c(l%e' %$ he c"$/e$%"$al

c(%$-.


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

8


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INTRODUCTION

I$ O(r *r"@ec &DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC

CIRCULAR PATH GAS CUTTING& '(--e' a $e! )eh"d +"r c%rc(lar *ah "*era%"$ %$

c(%$- *r"ce''..

A$ O4yBAceyle$e "(+% %' *"rable %$e4*e$'%/e a$d /er'a%le. y ('%$- he

*r"*er %*' al)"' a$y )eal ca$ be c( ('%$- he O4yBAceyle$e *r"ce''.

Aceyle$e %' a -a'

ha %' )a$(+ac(red by )%4%$- Calc%() Carb%de !%h !aer. Aceyle$e !he$ b(r$ed al"$e ca$

*r"d(ce a +la)e e)*era(re "+ ab"( 9000 de-. F. %h he add%%"$ "+ O4y-e$ a +la)e

e)*era(re %$ e4ce'' "+ ;000 de-. F. ca$ be ach%e/ed )a#%$- Aceyle$e %deal +"r !eld%$- a$d

c(%$-.T"day )"' !eld%$- %' acc")*l%'hed by arc !eld%$- a$d -a' %' ('ed *red")%$aely +"r

c(%$- *(r*"'e'.O4yBAceyle$e "rch c(%$- rel%e' "$ he c")b('%"$ "+ +(el -a'e' ('(ally

O4y-e$ a$d Aceyle$e " hea )eal' a he c(%$- *"%$. T"rch c(%$- %' a ,(%c# a$d

%$e4*e$'%/e '"l(%"$ " he *r"ble) "+ +%eld c(%$- )eal'.

7


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1.1 ELDING

ELDING IS A PROCESS FOR JOINING DIFFERENT MATERIALS@

T2* (!* %,


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1. GAS CUTTING

The c"))"$ )eh"d' ('ed %$ c(%$- )eal are "4y -a' +la)e c(%$- a%r carb"$Barc

c(%$- a$d *la')aBarc c(%$-. The )eh"d ('ed de*e$d' "$ he y*e "+ )eal " be c( a$d he

a/a%lab%l%y "+ e,(%*)e$. A' a Seel!"r#er "4y -a' "r a%r carb"$Barc e,(%*)e$ %' he )"'

c"))"$ y*e "+ e,(%*)e$ a/a%lable +"r y"(r ('e.

The "4y -a' c(%$- "rch ha' )a$y ('e' %$ 'eelB !"r#. A )"' $a/al ac%/%%e' he Seel!"r#er+%$d' he c(%$- "rch a$ e4celle$ ""l +"r c(%$- +err"(' )eal'. Th%' /er'a%le ""l %' ('ed +"r

"*era%"$' '(ch a' be/el%$- *lae c(%$- a$d be/el%$- *%*e *%erc%$- h"le' %$ 'eel *lae a$d

c(%$- !%re r"*e.

he$ ('%$- he "4y -a' c(%$- *r"ce'' y"( hea a '*" "$ he )eal " he #%$dl%$- "r

%-$%%"$ e)*era(re 5be!ee$ 1900DF a$d 1;00DF +"r 'eel'6. The er) +"r h%' "4y -a' +la)e %'

he PREHEATING FLA3E. Ne4 y"( d%rec a @e "+ *(re "4y-e$ a he heaed )eal by

*re''%$- a le/er "$ he c(%$- "rch. The "4y-e$ ca('e' a che)%cal reac%"$ #$"!$ a'

OIATION " a#e *lace ra*%dly. he$ "4%da%"$ "cc(r' ra*%dly % %' called CO3USTION

"r URNING. he$ % "cc(r' 'l"!ly % %' #$"!$ a' RUSTING.

he$ y"( ('e he "4y -a' "rch )eh"d " c( )eal he "4%da%"$ "+ he )eal %'

e4re)ely ra*%d a$d *ar "+ he )eal ac(ally b(r$'. The hea l%beraed by he b(r$%$- "+ he

%r"$ "r 'eel )el' he %r"$ "4%de +"r)ed by he che)%cal reac%"$ a$d accelerae' he *rehea%$-

"+ he "b@ec y"( are c(%$-. The )"le$ )aer%al r($' "++ a' 'la- e4*"'%$- )"re %r"$ "r 'eel "

he "4y-e$ @e. I$ "4y -a' c(%$- "$ly ha *"r%"$ "+ he )eal ha %' %$ he d%rec *ah "+ he

"4y-e$ @e %' "4%d%ed. The $arr"! 'l% +"r)ed %$ he )eal a' he c(%$- *r"B -re''e' %' called

he #er+. 3"' "+ he )aer%al re)"/ed +r") he #er+ %' %$ he +"r) "+ "4%de' 5*r"d(c' "+ he

"4%da%"$ reac%"$6. The re)a%$der "+ he )aer%al %' )"le$ )eal ha %' bl"!$ "r !a'hed "( "+

he #er+ by he +"rce "+ he "4y-e$ @e.

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1.3 O/ GAS CUTTING E>UIPMENT

A$ "4y -a' c(%$- "(+% ('(ally c"$'%'' "+ a cyl%$der "+ aceyle$e "r 3APP -a' a

cyl%$der "+ "4y-e$ !" re-(la"r' !" le$-h' "+ h"'e !%h +%%$-' a$d a c(%$- "rch !%h %*'

5+%-. 9B16. A$ "4y -a' c(%$- "(+% al'" %' re+erred " a' a c(%$- r%-. I$ add%%"$ " he ba'%c

e,(%*)e$ )e$%"$ed ab"/e $()er"(' y*e' "+ a(4%l%ary e,(%*)e$ are ('ed %$ "4y -a' c(%$-.

A$ %)*"ra$ %e) %' he '*ar# %-$%er ha %' ('ed " l%-h he "rch 5+%-. 9B2 /%e! A6. A$"her

%e) y"( ('e %' a$ a**ara(' !re$ch. I %' '%)%lar %$ de'%-$ " he "$e 'h"!$ %$ +%-(re 9B2 /%e!

. The a**ara(' !re$ch %' '")e%)e' called a -a$- !re$ch beca('e % +%' all he c"$$ec%"$' "$

he c(%$- r%-. N"e ha he !re$ch 'h"!$ ha' a ra%'ed "*e$%$- %$ he ha$dle ha 'er/e' a' a$

aceyle$e a$# #ey.

Oher c"))"$ acce''"r%e' %$cl(de %* clea$er' cyl%$der r(c#' cla)*' a$d h"ld%$- @%-'.

Per'"$al 'a+ey a**arel '(ch a' -"--le' ha$d 'h%eld' -l"/e' leaher a*r"$' 'lee/e' a$d

le--%$-' are e''e$%al a$d 'h"(ld be !"r$ a' re,(%red +"r he @"b a ha$d. I$+"r)a%"$ "$ 'a+ey

a**arel %' al'" c"$a%$ed %$.

O4y -a' c(%$- e,(%*)e$ ca$ be 'a%"$ary "r *"rB able. A *"rable "4y -a' "(+% '(ch

a' he "$e %' a$ ad/a$a-e !he$ % %' $ece''ary " )"/e.

12


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1>


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1.4 CUTTING TORCHES

The e,(%*)e$ a$d acce''"r%e' +"r "4y -a' c(%$- are he 'a)e a' +"r "4y -a' !eld%$-

e4ce* ha y"( ('e a c(%$- "rch "r a c(%$- aach)e$ %$'ead "+ a !eld%$- "rch. The )a%$

d%++ere$ce be!ee$ he c(%$- "rch a$d he !eld%$- "rch %' ha he c(%$- "rch ha' ($'cre!

he !eld%$- %* a$d he$ 'cre! "$ he c(%$- aach)e$. The h%-hB*re''(re c(%$- "4y-e$ %'

c"$r"lled by a le/er "$ he "rch ha$dle.

1.= CUTTING TORCH TIPS

A' %$ !eld%$- y"( )(' ('e he *r"*er '%e c(%$- %* %+ ,(al%y !"r# %' " be d"$e. The

*rehea +la)e' )(' +(r$%'h @(' he r%-h a)"($ "+ hea a$d he "4y-e$ @e "r%+%ce )(' del%/er

he c"rrec a)"($ "+ "4y-e$ a @(' he r%-h *re''(re a$d /el"c%y " *r"d(ce a clea$ c(. All "+

h%' )(' be d"$e !%h a )%$%)() c"$'()*%"$ "+ "4y-e$ a$d +(el -a'e'. Carele'' !"r#er' a$d

!"r#er' $" ac,(a%$ed !%h he c"rrec *r"ced(re' !a'e b"h "4y-e$ a$d +(el -a'. Th%' d"e'

$" 'ee) %)*"ra$ !he$ y"( are !"r#%$- %$ a 'h"* b( %+ y"( are de*l"yed.

19


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CHAPTER III

DESCRIPTION OF E>UIPMENTS

1?


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MOTOR

P!'&'+*$ %, %+*!()'%

I$ a$y elecr%c )""r "*era%"$ %' ba'ed "$ '%)*le elecr")a-$e%'). A c(rre$Bcarry%$-

c"$d(c"r -e$erae' a )a-$e%c +%eld !he$ h%' %' he$ *laced %$ a$ e4er$al )a-$e%c +%eld %

!%ll e4*er%e$ce a +"rce *r"*"r%"$al " he c(rre$ %$ he c"$d(c"r a$d " he 're$-h "+ he

e4er$al )a-$e%c +%eld. A' y"( are !ell a!are "+ +r") *lay%$- !%h )a-$e' a' a #%d "**"'%e

5N"rh a$d S"(h6 *"lar%%e' arac !h%le l%#e *"lar%%e' 5N"rh a$d N"rh S"(h a$d S"(h6

re*el. The %$er$al c"$+%-(ra%"$ "+ a C )""r %' de'%-$ed " har$e'' he )a-$e%c %$erac%"$

be!ee$ a c(rre$Bcarry%$- c"$d(c"r a$d a$ e4er$al )a-$e%c +%eld " -e$erae r"a%"$al

)"%"$.

Le' 'ar by l""#%$- a a '%)*le 2B*"le C elecr%c )""r 5here red re*re'e$' a )a-$e

"r !%$d%$- !%h a N"rh *"lar%a%"$ !h%le -ree$ re*re'e$' a )a-$e "r !%$d%$- !%h a

S"(h *"lar%a%"$6.

E/ery C )""r ha' '%4 ba'%c *ar' BB a4le r""r 5a.#.a. ar)a(re6 'a"r c"))(a"r

+%eld )a-$e5'6 a$d br('he'. I$ )"' c"))"$ C )""r' 5a$d all ha EA3er' !%ll 'ee6 he

e4er$al )a-$e%c +%eld %' *r"d(ced by h%-hB're$-h *er)a$e$ )a-$e'1. The 'a"r %' he

'a%"$ary *ar "+ he )""r BB h%' %$cl(de' he )""r ca'%$- a' !ell a' !" "r )"re *er)a$e$

)a-$e *"le *%ece'. The r""r 5"-eher !%h he a4le a$d aached c"))(a"r6 r"ae !%h

re'*ec " he 'a"r.

1;


17/39

The r""r c"$'%'' "+ !%$d%$-' 5-e$erally "$ a c"re6 he !%$d%$-' be%$- elecr%cally

c"$$eced " he c"))(a"r. The ab"/e d%a-ra) 'h"!' a c"))"$ )""r lay"( BB !%h he r""r

%$'%de he 'a"r 5+%eld6 )a-$e'.

The -e")ery "+ he br('he' c"))(a"r c"$ac' a$d r""r !%$d%$-' are '(ch ha

!he$ *"!er %' a**l%ed he *"lar%%e' "+ he e$er-%ed !%$d%$- a$d he 'a"r )a-$e5'6 are

)%'al%-$ed a$d he r""r !%ll r"ae ($%l % %' al)"' al%-$ed !%h he 'a"r' +%eld )a-$e'. A'

he r""r reache' al%-$)e$ he br('he' )"/e " he $e4 c"))(a"r c"$ac' a$d e$er-%e he

$e4 !%$d%$-. G%/e$ "(r e4a)*le !"B*"le )""r he r"a%"$ re/er'e' he d%rec%"$ "+ c(rre$

hr"(-h he r""r !%$d%$- lead%$- " a +l%* "+ he r""r' )a-$e%c +%eld dr%/%$- % " c"$%$(e

r"a%$-.

I$ real l%+e h"(-h C )""r' !%ll al!ay' ha/e )"re ha$ !" *"le' 5hree %' a /ery

c"))"$ $()ber6. I$ *ar%c(lar h%' a/"%d' dead '*"' %$ he c"))(a"r. Y"( ca$ %)a-%$e

h"! !%h "(r e4a)*le !"B*"le )""r %+ he r""r %' e4acly a he )%ddle "+ %' r"a%"$

5*er+ecly al%-$ed !%h he +%eld )a-$e'6 % !%ll -e '(c# here. 3ea$!h%le !%h a !"B*"le

)""r here %' a )")e$ !here he c"))(a"r 'h"r' "( he *"!er '(**ly 5%.e. b"h br('he'

"(ch b"h c"))(a"r c"$ac' '%)(la$e"('ly6. Th%' !"(ld be bad +"r he *"!er '(**ly !a'e

e$er-y a$d da)a-e )""r c")*"$e$' a' !ell. Ye a$"her d%'ad/a$a-e "+ '(ch a '%)*le )""r%' ha % !"(ld e4h%b% a h%-h a)"($ "+ "r,(e r%**le 5he a)"($ "+ "r,(e % c"(ld *r"d(ce %'

cycl%c !%h he *"'%%"$ "+ he r""r6.

S" '%$ce )"' ')all C)""r' are "+ a hreeB*"le de'%-$ le' %$#er !%h he !"r#%$-' "+ "$e

/%a a$ %$erac%/e a$%)a%"$ 5Ja/aScr%* re,(%red6=

1
http://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.htmlhttp://encyclobeamia.solarbotics.net/articles/dc.html


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DC MOTORS

A C )""r %' de'%-$ed " r($ "$ C elecr%c *"!er. T!" e4a)*le' "+ *(re C de'%-$'

are 3%chael Faraday' h")"*"lar )""r 5!h%ch %' ($c"))"$6 a$d he ball bear%$- )""r

!h%ch %' 5'" +ar6 a $"/ely. y +ar he )"' c"))"$ C )""r y*e' are he br('hed a$d

br('hle'' y*e' !h%ch ('e %$er$al a$d e4er$al c"))(a%"$ re'*ec%/ely " *er%"d%cally re/er'e

he c(rre$ %$ he r""r !%$d%$-'

BRUSHED DC MOTORS

"r#%$-' "+ a br('hed elecr%c )""r

C )""r de'%-$ -e$erae' a$ "'c%lla%$- c(rre$ %$ a !"($d r""r "r ar)a(re !%h a

'*l% r%$- c"))(a"r a$d e%her a !"($d "r *er)a$e$ )a-$e 'a"r. A r""r c"$'%'' "+ "$e "r

)"re c"%l' "+ !%re !"($d ar"($d a c"re "$ a 'ha+ a$ elecr%cal *"!er '"(rce %' c"$$eced " he

r""r c"%l hr"(-h he c"))(a"r a$d %' br('he' ca('%$- c(rre$ " +l"! %$ % *r"d(c%$-

elecr")a-$e%'). The c"))(a"r ca('e' he c(rre$ %$ he c"%l' " be '!%ched a' he r""r

(r$' #ee*%$- he )a-$e%c *"le' "+ he r""r +r") e/er +(lly al%-$%$- !%h he )a-$e%c *"le' "+

he 'a"r +%eld '" ha he r""r $e/er '"*' 5l%#e a c")*a'' $eedle d"e'6 b( raher #ee*'

r"a%$- %$de+%$%ely 5a' l"$- a' *"!er %' a**l%ed a$d %' '(++%c%e$ +"r he )""r " "/erc")e he

'ha+ "r,(e l"ad a$d %$er$al l"''e' d(e " +r%c%"$ ec.6

a$y "+ he l%)%a%"$' "+ he cla''%c c"))(a"rC )""r are d(e " he $eed +"r br('he'

" *re'' a-a%$' he c"))(a"r. Th%' creae' +r%c%"$.S*ar#' are creaed by he br('he' )a#%$-

18
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homopolar_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_bearing_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armature_(electrical_engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Electric_motor_cycle_2.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faradayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homopolar_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_bearing_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armature_(electrical_engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction


19/39

a$d brea#%$- c%rc(%' hr"(-h he r""r c"%l' a' he br('he' cr"'' he %$'(la%$- -a*' be!ee$

c"))(a"r 'ec%"$'. e*e$d%$- "$ he c"))(a"r de'%-$ h%' )ay %$cl(de he br('he'

'h"r%$- "-eher ad@ace$ 'ec%"$'Ka$d he$ce c"%l e$d'K)")e$ar%ly !h%le cr"''%$- he -a*'.

F(rher)"re he %$d(ca$ce"+ he r""r c"%l' ca('e' he /"la-e acr"'' each " r%'e !he$ %'

c%rc(% %' "*e$ed %$crea'%$- he '*ar#%$- "+ he br('he'. Th%' '*ar#%$- l%)%' he )a4%)()

'*eed "+ he )ach%$e a' ""Bra*%d '*ar#%$- !%ll "/erhea er"de "r e/e$ )el he c"))(a"r.

The c(rre$ de$'%y *er ($% area "+ he br('he' %$ c")b%$a%"$ !%h he%r re'%'%/%y l%)%' he

"(*( "+ he )""r. The )a#%$- a$d brea#%$- "+ elecr%c c"$ac al'" ca('e' elecr%cal $"%'e a$d

he '*ar#' add%%"$ally ca('e RFI. r('he' e/e$(ally !ear "( a$d re,(%re re*lace)e$ a$d he

c"))(a"r %'el+ %' '(b@ec " !ear a$d )a%$e$a$ce 5"$ lar-er )""r'6 "r re*lace)e$ 5"$

')all )""r'6. The c"))(a"r a''e)bly "$ a lar-e )""r %' a c"'ly ele)e$ re,(%r%$-

*rec%'%"$ a''e)bly "+ )a$y *ar'. O$ ')all )""r' he c"))(a"r %' ('(ally *er)a$e$ly

%$e-raed %$" he r""r '" re*lac%$- % ('(ally re,(%re' re*lac%$- he !h"le r""r.

Brushless DC motors

S")e "+ he *r"ble)' "+ he br('hed C )""r are el%)%$aed %$ he br('hle'' de'%-$. I$

h%' )""r he )echa$%cal r"a%$- '!%ch "r c"))(a"r


20/39

POER SUPPL/

There are )a$y y*e' "+ *"!er '(**ly. 3"' are de'%-$ed " c"$/er h%-h /"la-e AC

)a%$' elecr%c%y " a '(%able l"! /"la-e '(**ly +"r elecr"$%c' c%rc(%' a$d "her de/%ce'. A

*"!er '(**ly ca$ by br"#e$ d"!$ %$" a 'er%e' "+ bl"c#' each "+ !h%ch *er+"r)' a *ar%c(lar

+($c%"$.

F%! *(


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S a$d 9. (r%$- he *"'%%/e hal+ cycle "+

he a**l%ed AC /"la-e d%"de' 1 a$d > c"$d(c'. h%le d(r%$- he $e-a%/e hal+ cycle 2 9

c"$d(c'. The c(rre$ hr"(-h he l"ad +l"!' %$ he 'a)e d%rec%"$ %$ he b"h hal+ cycle he

"(*( "+ he rec%+%er c"$a%$' r%**le'. F%ler' are ('ed red(ce' he r%**le' c")*"$e$' %$ he

"(*(.

21


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SPUR GEAR TERMINOLOG/

A55*5


23/39

5*+)2.

C*(!(&*.T2* (


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BEARING

A *(!'%' a de/%ce " all"! c"$'ra%$ed rela%/e )"%"$ be!ee$ !" "r )"re*ar' y*%cally

r"a%"$ "r l%$ear )"/e)e$. ear%$-' )ay be cla''%+%ed br"adly acc"rd%$- " he )"%"$' hey

all"! a$d acc"rd%$- " he%r *r%$c%*le "+ "*era%"$ a' !ell a' by he d%rec%"$' "+ a**l%ed l"ad'

hey ca$ ha$dle.

T/PES OF BEARING

Pla%$ bear%$-

R"ll%$- ele)e$ bear%$-

Je!el bear%$-

3a-$e%c bear%$-

Fle4(re bear%$-

ROLLING-ELEMENT BEARING

A !%'-**


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Needle

Ta*ered r"ller bear%$-

S*her%cal r"ller

BALL BEARING

A ( *(!' %' a y*e "+ r"ll%$-Bele)e$ bear%$- ha ('e' ball' " )a%$a%$ he

'e*ara%"$ be!ee$ he )"/%$- *ar' "+ he bear%$-.

The *(r*"'e "+ a ball bear%$- %' " red(ce r"a%"$al +r%c%"$ a$d '(**"r rad%al a$d a4%al

l"ad'. I ach%e/e' h%' by ('%$- a lea' !" races " c"$a%$ he ball' a$d ra$')% he l"ad'

hr"(-h he ball'. U'(ally "$e "+ he race' %' held +%4ed. A' "$e "+ he bear%$- race' r"ae' %

ca('e' he ball' " r"ae a' !ell. eca('e he ball' are r"ll%$- hey ha/e a )(ch l"!er c"e++%c%e$

"+ +r%c%"$ ha$ %+ !" +la '(r+ace' !ere r"a%$- "$ each "her.

all bear%$-' e$d " ha/e l"!er l"ad ca*ac%y +"r he%r '%e ha$ "her #%$d' "+ r"ll%$-B

ele)e$ bear%$-' d(e " he ')aller c"$ac area be!ee$ he ball' a$d race'. H"!e/er hey ca$

"lerae '")e )%'al%-$)e$ "+ he %$$er a$d "(er race'.

C")*ared " "her r"ll%$-Bele)e$ bear%$-' he ball bear%$- %' he lea' e4*e$'%/e

*r%)ar%ly beca('e "+ he l"! c"' "+ *r"d(c%$- he ball' ('ed %$ he bear%$-.

2?


26/39

C2(+)*! I

DESIGN AND DRAING

2;


27/39

MATERIAL SELECTION

3aer%al +"r b"h *%$%"$ a$d -ear %' TEFLON GEAR@

TEFLON GEAR

PROPERT/ ALUE

D*$'): 00


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FORMULAE USED

1. P%?*! #P 3.14NT60

. T%!;* #T 3.14516

2*!* N$+**5 %, )2*


29/39

27


30/39

CHAPTER

ORKING PRINCIPLE

>0


31/39

%!' +!'&'+*

The able c"$'%' "+ -ear c"(*led )""r *%$%"$ )a%$- -earbear%$-

re/"/%$- d%'c a$d -(%d%$- *lae. he 'ha+ "+ he )""r " !h%ch *%$%"$ -ear %' +%4ed. The *%$%"$

%' )ade " be )aed !%h he lar-e )a%$- -ear +"r he *(*"'e "+ '*eed red(c%"$. The 'ha+ "+

he )a%$- -ear " !h%ch he re/"l/%$- d%'c +%4ed.

The -(%d%$- *lae %$ he re/"l/%$- d%'c %' ('ed " h"ld he c(%$- "rch. The

-ear c"(*led )""r !h%ch ac' a' he e4er$al '"(rce "+ *"!er ra$')%' he '*eed +r") he

*%$%"$ " )a%$- -ear a$d h(' he '*eed -e' red(ced. (e " he re/"l/%$- d%'c r"ae' he

"rch aached " % al'" r"aed.

The +"r!ard a$d re/er'e )"%"$ "+ he d%'c %' "ba%$ by ('%$- +"r!ard a$d

re/er'e '!%ch. he !"r# *%ece !he$ *laced "$ a bed a cera%$ d%'a$ce +r") he "rch -e c(ed

%$ c%rc(lar *ah.

>1


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MERITS AND DE-MERITS

MERITS

P"rable.

Le'' '*ace "cc(*%ed.

Le'' )a%$e$a$ce.

I$%%al c"' %' le''.

DE-MERITS

H%-h 'a+ey *reca(%"$ %' re,(%red.

Cha$ce " b(r'

>2


33/39

APPLICATION

U'ed %$ ')all 'cale %$d('r%e'. Re-(lar +abr%ca%"$ "+ a(")"b%le car' a%rBcra+' re+r%-era"r' ec.

3ach%$e ""l' +ra)e' c(%$- ""l' a$d d%e'.

>>


34/39

LIST OF MATERIAL

SI .NO COMPONENT MATERIAL

1 G*(! T*,%

C*)!* $2(,) M'5 $)**3 B*(!' C($) '!%

4 G'5* +()* M'5 $)**

= I5*' +()* M'5 $)**

>9


35/39

COST ESTIMATION

LABOUR COST

L()2*" 5!''" ?*5'" +%?*! 2(&$(?" ($ &))' &%$)

L(%! &%$)1000!$

OERHEAR CHARGES

M(,(&)!' &%$) M()*!'( &%$) L(%! &%$)

30001000

4000!$

O*!2*(5 &2(!*$ 0 %, )2* ?


36/39

CONCLUSION

I !*&*) )!*5" )2* &))' +!%&*$$ +(:$ ( '


37/39

BIBLIOGRAPH/

*$')*$

???.(52*$'*$(5$*(()$.&%

Documents

Design and Fabrication -Mini Project