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Hot and Dry (Temp.)• The temperatures in the hot and dry
deserts are extreme because of the lack of humidity
• Humidity- air which contains high amounts of water vapor
• Without humidity there is a lack of protection from the suns ray
• Average temp. ranges from 20-25 degrees Celsius
• Extreme high temp. ranges from 43.5- 49 degrees Celsius
• Min. Temp. can drop to 18 degrees below zero Celsius
Hot and Dry (Rainfall)• Rainfall is usually limited and only in
short bursts in between long periods of time
• Rainfall depends on regional location
• Ex. Rainfall in Chile is less than 1.5 cm, while deserts in the US it averages up to 28 cm
Hot and Dry (Rainfall Cont.)
• Evaporation rates often exceed rainfall rates• Fun Fact: once in a while rainfall can
sometimes evaporate before reaching the ground Yuma desert valley
Hot and Dry (Vegetation)
• Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees.
• Leaves have water-conserving characteristics. They tend to be small, thick and covered with a thick cuticle (outer layer).
• These plants include: yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush.
Hot and Dry (Organisms)
• The animals include small nocturnal (active at night) carnivores.
• The dominant animals are burrowers and kangaroo rats.
• There are also insects, arachnids, reptiles and birds.
• The animals stay inactive in protected hideaways during the hot day and come out to hunt at dusk, dawn or at night, when the desert is cooler.
Semi- Arid (Temp/ Rainfall)• This helps with the
condensation of dew in the night, which can exceed the moisture some deserts get from rainfall
• Average Rainfall 2-4 cm annually
• Avg. Temp. 21- 27 degrees Celsius
• The temp. rarely gets above 38 degrees Celsius and rarely gets below 10 degrees Celsius
Semi- Arid (Vegetation)
• Spiny nature plants in order to reduce transpiration: Silvery Glossy leaves
• Ex. Creosote Bush, Bur Sage, white Thorn, Cat Claw, Mesquite, Brittle bush, Lyceums, and jujube
Semi-Arid( Animals)
• Protection in underground burrows where they are insulated from heat and aridity
• Ex. Kangaroo rates, rabbits, skunks, grasshoppers, ants, lizards, snakes, burrowing owls, California thrasher
Coastal desert (Temp/ Rainfall)• Avg. Temp: 13- 24 degrees
Celsius
• Winter: 5 degrees Celsius or below
• Max: 35 degrees Celsius
• Min: -4 degrees Celsius
• Rainfall: 8- 13 cm
• Max: 37 cm
• Min: 5 cm
Coastal Desert (Vegetation)• They grow in fine textured
soil with moderate salt content
• Extensive root systems sloe to the surface
• Have thickly fleshy leaves or stems to take in available water
• Ex: salt bush, buckwheat bush, black bush, rice grass, and black sage
Coastal Desert (Animals)
• Specialized adaptations for dealing with heat and lack of rain
• Ex: Coyote, badger, toads, great horned owl, golden eagle, bald eagle, lizards, snakes
Cold Desert (Temp/ Rainfall)
Temperature• Cold winters with high
snowfall and high overall rainfall
• Short moist and moderately warm summers with fairly long and cold winters
• Winter: -2 to 4 degrees Celsius
• Summer: 21- 26 degrees Celsius
Rainfall• Avg. annual precipitation is
15- 26 cm• Max: 46 cm• Min: 9 cm
Cold Deserts (Vegetation)
• Widely scattered• 10 percent of the
ground is covered with plants
• The areas of sage bush goes up to 85 percent
• Heights vary between 15- 122 cm
• Most are deciduous
Cold Deserts (Animals)
• Widely distributed
• Ex: jackrabbits, kangaroo rats, kangaroo mice, pocket mice, grasshopper mice, antelope, and ground squirrels
Chaparral Biome
• Chaparrals exist in a mid latitude climate and lie in a belt of prevailing
westerly winds
Chaparral Biomes ( Temp/ Rainfall)
Temperature• Hot and dry • Winter- mild 10 degrees
Celsius• Summer- hot and dry up to
40 degrees Celsius (fires and droughts are common)
Rainfall• 10- 17 inches annually• Because of the hot and dry
summer only hard leaved plants survive and many have adapted to have hairy leaves to collect moisture
Chaparral (Vegetation)
• Have adapted to the fires by allowing their seeds to remain dormant until a fire occurs to crack the outer shell so that the plant may begin sprouting
• Ex. Blue Oak, Coyote Brush, Common Sagebrush, Fairy duster, French boom, King protea, Lebanon, Cedar, Manzanita, Mountain Mahogany, Salt marsh Bird’s Beak, Olive tree, Torrey Pine
Chaparral (Animals)• Ex: Aardwolf, Black
tailed Jackrabbit, Cactus Wren, Golden Jackal, Grey fox, Island Grey fox, Puma, San Joachim kit fox, Spotted skunk, wild goat