Describe how the modern periodic table is arranged:

How does the reactivity of G1 metals change How does the reactivity of G7 halogens change down a group? Why? down a group? Why?

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – THE PERIODIC TABLE

KEY WORDS:

DaltonNewland

MendeleevReactivityReactive metals

Transition

metals

Non-metalsNobel gasesMelting pointBoiling pointAlkali metals

Physical properties

Chemical propertiesCompoundHalogens

Displacement

ASSESSMENT:

State how each of these scientists aided in the development of the modern periodic table:Dalton:

Newlands:

Mendeleev:

The halogens:Properties: What sort of bonding

can halogens take part in?:

Describe the displacement reactions:

Group 1 – the alkali metals:Properties:

Describe the reactions with water and with the halogens:

Transition metals:Physical properties:

Chemical properties:

Describe the types of compounds formed:

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – WATER

KEY WORDS:Hard waterSoapless

detergentsScale

Temporary hard waterPermanent hard water

Ion-exchange

columnWater

treatmentPure waterSoftenerChlorineFluoride

ASSESSMENT:

What is hard water?

State and explain the equations that show how hard water is formed:

State and explain the equation that shows why hard water wastes soap:

How is limescale formed?:

Explain the how the effects of the following on hard water:Washing soda:

Ion-exchange column:

Heating:

Explain how water is treated to make it safe to drink: You can use a diagram

Explain the issues surrounding the treatment of water with ions such as chlorine and fluoride:

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – ENERGY CALCULATIONS

KEY WORDS:Energy releaseEnergy transfer

SolutionsExothermic

Endothermic

Activation energy

CatalystBond

breakingBond makingBond energy

ASSESSMENT:

Sketch an energy change graph for each of the following and label the activation energy. Explain the graph in terms of bond making and bond breaking.:

Endothermic

Exothermic:

We calculated the energy used when burning fuels using the following calculation: Energy released = mass of water X specific heat X change in heated capacity of water temperature

This is sometimes written as:

We also need to know the amount of energy released per gram or per mole to compare the efficiency of the fuels:Energy released per gram (kJ/g) = energy released X

Energy released per mole (kJ/mol) = energy released X Use these equations to show which fuel is more efficient:0.2 grams of fuel A heats 50g of water from 16°C to 41°C0.46 grams of fuel B heats 50 g of water from 21°C to 57°C

What is the bond energy? What are the units?

Explain how to use bond energy to work out the energy change for a reaction:

What is the effect of adding a catalyst to a reaction? Use a diagram to help your explanation.

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

KEY WORDS:Flame test

Sodium hydroxide

CarbonatesHalides

SulphatesTitration

End pointConcentration

Chemical analysis

EquilibriumPressureEnergy

Haber process

ASSESSMENT:

Fill in the table to show your understanding of flame tests:

Metal ion Flame colour

Lithium (Li+)

Sodium (Na+)

Lilac

Red

Barium (Ba2+)

Fill in the flow chart to show your understanding of positive ion tests:

Metal ionColour of

precipitate Further tests required

Copper Cu2+

Reddish-brown

Iron Fe2+

Magnesium Mg2+

Insoluble in excess NaOH, red flame test

Aluminium Al3+ White

Fill in the table to show your understanding of negative ion tests:

Anion Test Observation

CO2 gas produced

Halide

Colour precipitate:Chloride Bromide Iodide

Sulphate White precipitate

Describe how to carry out a titration:

What is dynamic equilibrium? Give an example.

Describe the Haber process:

State the reaction conditions needed. Why are these compromise temperatures and pressures?

C3 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

KEY WORDS:

AlcoholFunctional

groupHomologous

series

Carboxylic acid

EstersCombustion

OxidationEthanol

ASSESSMENT:

Alcohols:Draw the structure of the first 3 members:

Methanol Ethanol Propanol

State the some of the uses of alcohols:

What is made when an alcohol combusts?:

Describe the reaction of alcohol with sodium:

What is made when an alcohol is gently oxidised?:

Carboxylic acids:Draw the structure of the first 3 members:

Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid Propanoic acid

Describe the reaction of carboxylic acid with carbonates:

Explain why carboxylic acids are called weak acids:

Esters:Draw the structure of ethyl ethanoate:

Explain how esters are made:

Explain the issues of ethanol in drinks:

Explain the issues of ethanol and esters as biofuels: