Deponent  Verbs!

“Same  great  Latin,    now  with  50%  fewer  forms!”

Deponent  Verbs  have  Conjugation!

Despite  their  odd-­‐looking  appearance,  deponent  verbs  still  have  all  of  the  characteristics  of  

“normal”  verbs,  including  conjugation!

To  find  the  conjugation  of  a  deponent  verb,  go  to  the  second  principal  part:

1st 2nd 3rd 3rd  -­‐io 4th

-­‐ārī -­‐ērī -­‐ī -­‐ī -­‐īrī

*3rd  -­‐iō:  1st  principal  part  will  end  in  -­‐ior*

Examples  of  Deponent  Verbs

1st:  hortor,  hortārī,  hortātus  sum:  to  encourage,  urge

2nd:  vereor,  verērī,  veritus  sum:  to  fear,  respect

3rd:  sequor,  sequī,  secutus  sum:  to  follow

3rd  -­‐iō:  progredior,  progredī,  progressus  sum:  to  advance,  go

4th:  molior,  molīrī,  molitus  sum:  to  build

3rd  sg.  masc. Active Passive

Present hortat hortātur

Imperfect hortābat hortābātur

Future hortābit hortābitur

Perfect hortāvit hortatus  est

Pluperfect hortāverat hortatus  erat

Future  Perfect hortāverit hortatus  erit

1st  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

1st  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

3rd  sg.  masc. Deponent English

Present hortātur He  encourages

Imperfect hortābātur He  was  encouraging

Future hortābitur He  will  encourage

Perfect hortatus  est He  encouraged

Pluperfect hortatus  erat He  had  encouraged

Future  Perfect hortatus  erit He  will  have  encouraged

2nd  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

3rd  sg.  masc. Deponent English

Present verētur He  fears

Imperfect verēbātur He  was  fearing

Future verēbitur He  will  fear

Perfect veritus  est He  feared

Pluperfect veritus  erat He  had  feared

Future  Perfect veritus  erit He  will  have  feared

3rd  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

3rd  sg.  masc. Deponent English

Present sequitur He  follows

Imperfect sequēbātur He  was  following

Future sequētur He  will  follow

Perfect secutus  est He  followed

Pluperfect secutus  erat He  had  followed

Future  Perfect secutus  erit He  will  have  followed

3rd  -­‐iō  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

3rd  sg.  masc. Deponent English

Present progreditur He  goes

Imperfect progrediēbātur He  was  going

Future progrediētur He  will  go

Perfect progressus  est He  went

Pluperfect progressus  erat He  had  gone

Future  Perfect progressus  erit He  will  have  gone

4th  conjugation  Deponent  Synopsis

3rd  sg.  masc. Deponent English

Present molitur He  builds

Imperfect moliēbātur He  was  building

Future moliētur He  will  build

Perfect molitus  est He  built

Pluperfect molitus  erat He  had  built

Future  Perfect molitus  erit He  will  have  built

Deponent  Participles

Deponent  Verbs  still  have  all  four  participles.  They  are  formed  just  like  normal  verbs,  but  the  

translations  are  slightly  different.

Deponent English

Present hortāns,  -­‐ntis (encouraging)

Perfect hortatus,  -­‐a,  -­‐um (having  encouraged)

Future  (Active) hortatūrus,  -­‐a,  -­‐um (about  to  encourage)

Future  (Passive) hortandus,  -­‐a,  -­‐um (must  be  encouraged)

Deponent  Infinitives

Deponent  Verbs  only  have  three  infinitives.  They  are  ALL  active  in  meaning.

Deponent English

Present hortārī (to  encourage)

Perfect hortatus,  -­‐a,  -­‐um  esse (to  have  encouraged)

Future hortatūrus,  -­‐a,  -­‐um  esse (to  be  about  to  encourage)

Deponent  Subjunctives

Deponent  Verbs  do  also  exist  in  the  subjunctive.  They  are  formed  much  like  normal  verbs.  Pay  close  

attention  to  the  Imperfect  Subjunctive.

Deponent

Present hortēturImperfect ***hortārētur***Perfect hortatus  sit

Pluperfect hortatus  esset***Imperfect  Subjunctive:  present  “active”  infinitive  plus  endings.***

Worksheet  48Deponent  Synopses

3rd  plural Deponent English

Present

Imperfect

Future

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future  Perfect

3rd  pl.  neut.  -­‐  admiror,  admirārī,  admirātus  sum:  to  admire

admirāntur they  admire

admirābāntur they  were  admiring

admirābuntur they  will  admire

admirāta  sunt

admirāta  erant

admirāta  erunt

they  (have)  admired

they  had  admired

they  will  have  admired

Participles Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

Future  (Passive)

Infinitives Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

admirāntia

admirāta

admirātūra

admiranda

admiring

having  admired

about  to  admire

must  be  admired

admirārī (to  admire)

admirāta  esse (to  have  admired)

admirātūra  esse (to  be  about  to  admire)

3rd  singular Deponent English

Present

Imperfect

Future

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future  Perfect

3rd  sg.  fem.  -­‐  loquor,  loquī,  locutus  sum:  to  speak

loquitur she  speaks

loquēbatur she  was  speaking

loquētur she  will  speak

locuta  est

locuta  erat

locuta  erit

she  (has)  spoke(n)

she  had  spoken

she  will  have  spoken

Participles Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

Future  (Passive)

Infinitives Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

loquens,  loquentis

locuta

locutūra

loquenda

speaking

having  spoken

about  to  speak

must  be  spoken

loquī (to  speak)

locuta  esse (to  have  spoken)

locutūra  esse (to  be  about  to  speak)

1st  plural Deponent English

Present

Imperfect

Future

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future  Perfect

1st  pl.  masc.  -­‐  aggredior,  aggredī,  aggressus  sum:  to  attack

aggredimur we  attack

aggrediēbāmur we  were  attacking

aggrediēmur we  will  attack

aggressī  sumus

aggressī  eramus

aggressī  erimus

we  (have)  attacked

we  had  attacked

we  will  have  attacked

Participles Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

Future  (Passive)

Infinitives Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

aggredientēs

aggressī

aggressūrī

aggrediendī

attacking

having  attacked

about  to  attack

must  be  attacked

aggredī (to  attack)

aggressī  esse (to  have  attacked)

aggressūrī  esse (to  be  about  to  attack)

1.  The  soldiers  will  attack  the  town  which  is  near  the  mountain.

1.  Militēs  oppidum  quod  prope  montem  (est)  aggrediēntur.

2.  Before  the  Romans  entered  Britain,  Caesar  had  gone  north  by  ship.

2.  Antequam  Romanī  in  Britanniam  inivērunt,  Caesar  ad  septentrionēs  navī  progressus  erat.

Eo  mulierēs  imposuērunt,    [quae  ad  proelium  proficiscentēs  militēs    

passīs  manibus    flentēs  implorābant    

nē  sē  in  servitutem  Romanīs  traderent.]

pandō,  pandere,  pandī,  passus:  to  spreadmulier,  mulieris  (f):  woman

There  they  placed  their  women,  who,  weeping,  were  begging  the  soldiers  going  into  battle  with  their  hands  spread  that  they  not  

hand  them  over  to  the  Romans  as  slaves.

2nd  plural Deponent English

Present

Imperfect

Future

Perfect

Pluperfect

Future  Perfect

2nd  pl.  fem.  -­‐  progredior,  progredī,  progressus  sum:  to  advance

progrediminī y’all  advance

progrediēbāminī y’all  were  advancing

progrediēminī y’all  will  advance

progressae  estis

progressae  eratis

progressae  eritis

y’all  (have)  advanced

y’all  had  advanced

y’all’ll’ve  advanced

Participles Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

Future  (Passive)

Infinitives Deponent English

Present

Perfect

Future  (Active)

progredientēs

progressae

progressūrae

progrediendae

advancing

having  advanced

about  to  advance

must  be  advanced*

progredī (to  advance)

progressae  esse (to  have  advanced)

progressūrae  esse (to  be  about  to  advance)

Subjunctives Deponent

Present progrediaminī

Imperfect progredereminī

Perfect progressae  sitis

Pluperfect progressae  essētis