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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Data report for the Great Valley, California, axial seismic refraction profiles
Janice M. Murphy1
Open-File Report 89-494
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
1 USGS, Menlo Park, California
1989
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PageIntroduction....................................................... 1Completed Analysis................................................. 1Description of the Axial Survey.................................... 3Instrumentation and Data Reduction................................. 4References......................................................... 17Appendix A: Shot Point and Recorder Locations...................... 19Appendix B: Data Tables............................................ 24Appendix C: SEG-Y Tape Format...................................... 34
FIGURES
1. Map of the Study Area.......................................... 22. Schematic diagram of the data aquisition and processing system. 53. Theoretical Amplitude Response Curves.......................... 74. Western profile shot 12 shot point 10........................ 85. Western profile shot 13 shot point 7......................... 96. Western profile shot 14 shot point 11........................ 107. Central profile shot 4 shot point 14......................... 118. Central profile shot 5 shot point 15......................... 129. Central profile shot 6 shot point 16......................... 13
10. Eastern profile shot 7 shot point 17......................... 1411. Eastern profile shot 8 shot point 18......................... 1512. Eastern profile shot 9 shot point 19......................... 16
Tables
1. Shot List...................................................... 42. Amplitude response values for the major components
of the data acquisition system................................ 7
INTRODUCTION
In 1981, 1982, and 1983 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aquired seismic refraction data along seven transects in the Great (or Central) Valley of California and its bordering regions. These transects were part of a geophysical study of the Great Valley which also included seismic reflection data (Zoback et al., 1984), aeromagnetic, gravity (Cady 1975). These Geophysical data were combined with surface geological data and geological borehole data to better constrain interpretations of the structure and evolution of this classic Mesozoic and early Cenozoic forearc.
Data from the southern cross-strike (east-west) profile shown on the insert to figure 1 has been published by Murphy and Walter (1984). The three shorter cross-strike profiles will be presented in a future report. This report is a compilation of the refraction data from the three axial profiles (figure 1). The data have been archived at the National Geophysical Data Center in Boulder, Colorado. Tapes are available from
U.S. Department of CommerceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration325 BroadwayBoulder, CO 80303
Appendix C contains a description of the tape format.
COMPLETED ANALYSIS
Three papers presenting analysis of the seismic refraction data from this report were written by Hwang and Mooney (1986), Colburn and Mooney (1986), and Holbrook and Mooney (1987). Holbrook and Mooney and Colburn and Mooney presented 2-D velocity models of the central and western axial profiles, derived by forward modeling travel times using a 2-D raytracing algorithm (Luetgert, 1988; Cerveny, 1977) and modeling amplitudes with ray theoretical synthetic seismograms McMechan and Mooney (1980). In contrast to this method, Hwang and Mooney used a reflectivity synthetic seismogram method (Fuchs and Muller, 1971; Kind, 1978; 1979) to model data from one of the shot points (SP 11) on the western profile. Comparision of all three models were presented in Colburn and Mooney.
Legend
Qt
Tart
TV
um
K
Fran
MGr
MzSP 10
Axiillilrictiii Prililu
Otlw Retraction Proftt**
Refaction Profit**
Shotpolnt
Axl» ol Magnetic Anomaly
Figure 1. Map of the Great Valley, California showing locations of seismic profiles and generalized geology. Insert shows the southernmost profile (SJ6) - a coincident refraction-reflection transect. Qt Quaternary sediments; Tert Tertiary sediments; TV tertiary volcanics; urn ultramafics; K Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, largely the Great Valley Sequence; Fran Jurassic and Cretaceous Franciscan melange; MGr * Mesozoic granites and granodiorites of the Sierra Nevada; Mz undifferentiated Mesozoic rocks, including Sierra greenstone belt.
Interpretation of a typical cross-strike (east-west) transect, constrained by all the geological and geophysical data sets, is presented by Wentworth et al. (1987). A more focused study of the Franciscan assemblage and Great Valley sequence interface is presented by Wentworth et al. (1984). These papers present evidence for overthrusting from the west and soleing of the Coast Range Thrust into the basement.
DESCRIPTION OF THE AXIAL PROFILES
Three profiles were deployed along the axis of the Great Valley between October 1981 and June 1982 (figure 1). The western profile extended from Tracy, California southeast to Mendota, California (west of Fresno). Three shots, fired at shot points 11, 7, and 10, were recorded along this profile. Shot points 10 and 11 were located within the profile and shot point 7 was 4 kilometers east of the profile. Within the northern portion of the profile, between shot points 10 and 11, the seismic recorder station spacing was 1 kilometer; south of shot point 10 the spacing was increased to 5 kilometers. Along the central profile seismic recorders were deployed from Manteca, California southeast to Helm, California (southeast of Fresno) with a station spacing of approximately 2 kilometers. In-line shots fired at shot points 14, 15, and 16 were recorded along this profile. The profile deployed along the eastern edge of the Great Valley extended southeast from Herald, California (Northeast of Lodi) to Madera, California (northwest of Fresno) with a station spacing of 2 kilometers. Three in-line shots were fired at shot points 17, 18, and 19.
Locations and elevations for seismic recordering stations and shot points were determined using USGS 1:24,000 topographic maps. All the locations (Appendix A) are estimated to be accurate to within 15 meters.
Seismic sources were generated in 20 cm X 40 m drilled holes. Each hole was filled with an ammonium nitrate explosive and fired automatically with a shooting system described by Healy et al. (1982). A signal from a USGS master reference clock triggered the shooting system to fire an electic blasting cap, which sequentially caused the primacord, boosters, and the blasting agent to detonate. The blasting cap detonation signal (cap break), the USGS master reference clock's IRIG E time code, and the radio-recieved WWVB time code were recorded on a Kiowa paper strip-chart record. The shot origin times were read from the cap break on the paper record assuming that the explosives detonated at the exact time of the cap break. The reported shot times (table 1) are accurate to within + 2 milliseconds
SHOT LIST
Shot Shot Shot TimeNumber Point Date (Day,Hour,Min,Sec)
4 14 JUN 24, 1982 176:06:00:00.0105 15 JUN 24, 1982 176:06:15:00.0056 16 JUN 24, 1982 176:06:30:00.1507 17 JUN 30, 1982 182:06:00:00.0098 18 JUN 30, 1982 182:06:15:00.0059 19 JUN 30, 1982 182:06:30:00.014
12 10 OCT 16, 1981 289:06:30:00.21013 7 OCT 16, 1981 289:06:45:00.01214 11 OCT 16, 1981 289:07:00:00.017
Table 1. Shot list. Shot times are Universal Time (UT)
INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA REDUCTION
The recording instruments used in the seismic-refraction surveys have been described by Murphy (1988) (figure 2). During the anolog recording process, ground motion is sensed by a 2-Hz vertical-component seismometer. The voltage output from the seismometer is split without amplification and sent to three parallel amplifier circuit boards. Each circuit board amplifies the seismic signal in three stages and then frequency modulates the signal. Amplification at the last two stages can be set by the user. An internal precision clock signal is also frequency modulated. The three data carrier frequencies, the clock carrier frequency, and a tape-speed compensation carrier frequency are summed and recorded on a cassette tape.
Prior to deployment, field technicians program the memory and synchronize the clock unit of each instrument with a USGS master reference clock (the same clocks used to trigger the shooting system). After the shots have been recorded, the clock unit of each instrument is compared to the master reference clock, and a clock drift time (in milliseconds) is recorded in the field notes. USGS master clocks, which drift approximately one millisecond per week, are periodically checked against the standard WWVB time signal.
Information pertaining to the operation of each instrument is entered on data sheets. Chronometer corrections' at shot time are calculated from each clock drift time assuming a linear drift rate (Appendix B). Both the data sheets and the chronometer corrections are written to a file which is used by the digitizing program. During the digitizing process, the cassette tapes are played back, and the signals are demultiplexed and demodulated. To
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The complete system velocity response is roughly flat between 2 and 30 Hz and the approximate ground motion is given by
Ag (t) = _____A(t)__________ . _____A(t)____RSA RVCO DDSC DADC (409.6) RSA
where A(t) is the amplitude response and RGLE> RSA> RVCO> Dj)sc» and DADC are t*le amplitude factors of the major components (table 2, figure 3). The recording unit also performs and records a series of diagnostic tests and calibrations prior to each separate seismic window. The calibrations provide a complete system calibration scheme and are used to verify the actual gain of each data channel and the operation of the seismometer.
TABLE 2.
Amplitude response values for the major components of the data acquisition system
component
RSA RVCO DDSC DADC
value1 Wcm/secdimensionless gain variable V/V25 Hz/V0.04 V/Hz409.6 counts/V
10
10
2 -20 0
oaV)c1C
30
40
-50
60
.1 .2 .5 2 5 10 .20
Frtqutncy (Hz)
50 100 120
Figure 3. Theoretical transfer-function curves for the USGS short-period eismic refraction system (both recorder and digitizer). Solid lines are the displacement and velocity normalized amplitude. (From Davson and Stauber, 1986)
REDUCED TIME (SEC)
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REFERENCES
Cady, J.W., 1975. Magnetic and gravity anomalies in the Great Valley and western Sierra Nevada metamorphlc belt, California Province, Geol. Soc. AM., Spec. Paper 168, 56 pp.
Cerveny, V., Molotkov, I.A., and Psencik, I., 1977. Ray method in seismology, Charles University press, Prague, 214 pp.
Colburn R.H., and Mooney, W.D., 1986. Two-dimensional velocity structure along the synclinal axis of the Great Valley, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 76, 1305-1322.
Fuchs, K. and Muller, G., 1971. Computation of synthetic seismograms with the reflectivity method and comparison with observations, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc. 23, 417-433
Healy, J.H., Mooney, W.D., Blank, H.R., Gettings, M.E., Kolher, W.M., Lamson, R.J., and Leone, L.E., 1982. Sudl Arabian seismic deep-refraction profile: final project report, U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report USGS-OF-02-37, 141 pp.
Holbrook, W.S., and Mooney, W.D., 1987. The crustal structure of the axis of the Great Valley, California, from Seismic refraction measurements, Tectonophysics, 140, 49-63.
Hwang, L., and Mooney, W.D., 1986. Velocity and Q structure of the Great Valley, California, based on synthetic seismogram modelling of seismic refraction data, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 76, 1053-1067.
Kind, R., 1978. The reflectivity method for a buried source, J. Geophys. 44, 603-612.
Kind, R., 1979. Extensions of the reflectivity method, J. Geophys. 45, 373-380.
Luetgert, James H., 1988. Users Manual for RAY84/R83PLT interactive two-dimensional raytracing/synthetic seismogram package, U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 88-238, 52 pp.
McMechan G.A., and Mooney, W.D., 1980. Asymptotic ray therory andsynthetic seismograms for laterally varying structures: theory and application to the Imperial Valley, California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 70, 2021-2035.
Murphy, J.M., and Walter, A.W., 1984. Data report for aseismic-refraction Investigation: Morro Bay to the Sierra Nevada,U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 84-642, 37 pp.
17
Murphy, J.M., 1988. USGS FM cassette seismic-refraction recording system, U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 88-570, 43 pp.
Wentworth, C.M., Blake, M.C., Jr., Jones, D.L., Walter, A.W., and Zoback, M.D., 1984. Tectonic wedging associated with the emplacement of the Franciscan assemblage, California Coast Ranges, in Franciscan geology of northern California., ed. Blake, M.C., Jr., Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section, 43, 163-173.
Wentworth, Carl M., Zoback, Mark D., Griscom, Andrew, Jachens, Robert C., Mooney, Walter D., 1987. A transect across the Mesozoic accretionary margin of central California, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 89, 105-110
Zoback, Mark D., and Wentworth, C.M., 1986. Crustal studies in central California using an 800-channel seismic reflection recording system, in Reflection seismology, a global perspective: Geodynamics series, vol. 13, pp 183-196, eds Barazangi, M., and Brown, L., American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C.
18
Appendix A: Shot Point and Recorder Locations
19
SHOT POINT LOCATIONS
LOCATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE ELEVNUMBER (deg,min) (deg,min) (m)
7 37 29.287 121 2.775 1510 37 5.824 120 49.774 2811 37 49.602 121 24.632 014 37 42.440 121 12.290 015 37 30.897 120 58.208 016 37 8.278 120 40.887 017 38 5.320 121 6.300 3218 37 32.102 120 38.219 7319 37 11.273 120 13.435 80
20
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LOCATION
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
ELEV
NUMBER
(deg
,min
) (d
eg,m
in)
(ro)
401
37 12.748
120 17.586
68
402
37 11.950
120 16.181
71
403
37 11.144
120 15.870
73
404
37 10.498
120 15.012
76
405
37 11.286
120 13.435
80
406
37 10.448
120 12.062
85
407
37 10.022
120 10.502
86
408
37
8.935
120
9.875
89
409
37
8.055
120
9.318
89
410
37
7.295
120
8.747
91
411
37
6.312
120
8.053
89
412
37
5.441
120
6.531
89
413
37
4.560
120
6.605
88
414
37
3.485
120
6.568
85
415
37
2.843
120
5.504
85
416
37
2.264
120
4.426
85
417
37
1.482
120
3.307
89
418
37
0.546
120
3.326
88
419
36 59.615
120
1.672
92
420
36 59.104
120
0.981
89
421
37 57.552
121
1.730
30
422
37 56.628
121
0.747
32
423
37 55.843
120 59.967
33
424
37 54.913
120 59.959
33
425
37 54.284
120 59.361
33
426
37 53.668
120 58.821
36
427
37 52.915
120 57.782
42
428
37 52.225
120 57.725
39
429
37 51.395
120 56.820
41
430
37 50.747
120 55.888
45
431
37 50.137
120 55.143
45
432
37 49.458
120 54.313
47
433
37 48.772
120 53.618
50
434
37 48.065
120 53.137
50
435
37 46.940
120 52.353
48
436
37 45.688
120 52.402
45
437
37 45.266
120 50.874
54
438
37 44.304
120 50.343
57
439
37 43.525
120 49.870
57
440
37 42.870
120 49.461
56
441
37 13.979
120 18.353
68
442
37 15.071
120 19.440
67
443
37 15.931
120 20.511
64
444
37 16.667
120 21.619
62
445
37 17.329
120 22.662
62
446
37 18.188
120 23.749
29
447
37 19.047
120 24.817
28
448
37 19.518
120 25.928
54
449
37 19.907
120 26.988
55
450
37 20.788
120 28.058
53
LOCATION
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
ELEV
NUMBER
(deg
,min
) (deg,min)
(m)
451
37 21.657
120
28.8
62
53452
37 22.539
120 29.577
57
453
37 23.317
120 30.114
59
454
37 24.381
120 30.206
66
455
37 25.182
120 30.987
67
456
37 25.707
120 32.166
65
457
37 26.249
120 33.414
66
458
37 26.836
120 34.476
60
459
37 26.962
120 36.048
41
460
37 27.643
120 36.918
35
461
37 42.085
120 48.947
53
462
37 41.229
120 48.409
50
463
37 40.284
120 47.674
46
464
37 39.617
120 46.845
45
465
37 38.932
120 46.133
49
466
37 37.974
120 45.390
48
467
37 37.050
120 44.972
50
468
37 36.099
120 44.749
48
469
37 35.205
120 44.162
50
470
37 34.521
120 43.689
54
471
37 33.648
120 43.167
55
472
37 32.791
120 42.442
65
473
37 32.060
120 41.754
58
474
37 32.195
120 39.780
71
475
37 32.119
120 38.229
72
476
37 31.242
120 37.768
68
477
37 30.366
120 37.778
69
478
37 29.509
120 37.787
67
479
37 28.616
120
37.7
61
62481
38 15.306
121 14.615
19
482
38 13
.114
12
1 12
.987
24
483
38 10.445
121 10.674
27
484
38
8.341
121
9.53
8 27
485
38
3.543
121
6.099
28486
37 58.289
121
2.29
2 32
487
38
0.131
121
2.916
33
488
38
4.454
121
6.279
28
489
38
5.328
121
6.29
0 33
490
38
7.478
121
8.990
25491
38
0.974
121
3.916
30
492
38
1.836
121
4.866
28493
38
2.669
121
5.430
29
494
38
6.589
121
7.931
27
495
37 59.267
121
2.883
335
496
38 14
.050
12
1 13
.553
21
497
38
9.317
121 10.095
25
498
38 11.401
121 11.293
27
499
38 12.107
121 12.399
25
500
38
5.530
121
7.377
27
CO
p ,
CO
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CO
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fi«iiH «.O Pi2 V iHrHrHrHrHHHiHrHrHrHrHrHiHrHHrHiHrHrHrHiHrHiHHrHrHrHrHiHiHiHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHiHr-lrHiHiH
H V
>-l ^"*" CO CO CO CO 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO
H U
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II o'o'o^ H w in CD O1g V rHrHOrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.H«-I.HrHrHrHHrHr-I.H Ot3 CVJCVJCVJCVJCVJCV1CVJCVJCVJCVJNCVJCVJCVJNNCVJCVJCVJCV1CVJCVJCVJCVJCVJCVJCVJN
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81{-I O
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O Oi HWHffl
23
Appendix B: Data Tables
24
SHOT 4 SHOT POINT 14 DATA TABLE
to
LOCATION
NUMBER
302
303
304
305
306
308
309
315
317
319
320
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
332
333
334
335
338
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
348
349
350
351
352
DISTANCE
(km)
160.725
155.992
153.961
151.506
150.211
146.364
143.178
134.974
131.091
127.549
125.246
47.214
45.472
43.757
42.608
40.894
39.155
37.430
36.136
34.881
31.118
29.674
28.909
27.602
22.882
19.176
17.518
15.825
14.124
11.837
9.545
7.271
3.886
2.386
0.956
0.075
-1.092
AZMUTH
Al(deg)
141.5
142.7
142.7
143.0
142.6
142.7
142.7
142.0
141.9
141.4
141.7
138.2
137.6
137.0
135.6
136.2
135.8
136.2
136.1
135.8
135.5
135.9
135.5
135.8
133.2
133.7
135.5
133.6
131.2
130.4
129.6
128.3
122.8
127.2
119.5
176.4
312.7
UPLIFIC
(dB) 84 66 66 66 66 66 84 84 84 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 84 66 28 28 28 28 28 288 8 8 8 8 8
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
-203 223
-12 948
881
43
25
-10 5 0
-5-13 4
-6 9 5 3
-10 4
-13
-11 3 314
2-19
-14 0
-46
21 2 1 8 0
LOCATION
NUMBER
353
354
355
357
359
360
361
362
363
365
366
369
370
371
372
373
375
376
378
379
381
382
383
384
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
394
395
397
398
399
DISTANCE
(km)
-2.576
-4.294
-5.457
-9.445
-12.030
-14.180
50.730
52.788
54.594
58.129
60.194
65.382
67.938
69.248
72.303
74.078
75.324
76.756
78.409
80.600
86.376
87.868
89.574
91.060
94.509
96.968
100.119
103.925
104.623
106.426
107.284
112.658
114.900
118.666
120.482
121.833
AZMUTH
At(deg)
319.9
325.3
323.3
323.1
321.7
320.7
139.3
139.1
138.5
139.8
140.2
138.5
139.4
139.9
139.1
141.3
142.1
142.7
143.7
142.9
142.9
142.3
141.2
142.0
141.6
141.8
140.9
140.8
141.1
141.9
142.0
142.6
143.5
141.9
141.4
141.9
1PLIFIC
(dB) 8 8 828 28 28 66 66 66 66 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 84 66 66 66 66 66 66
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c) 2-1
2 9 0 0-6
5 3 3 0 0 2 6-14 4 0 5
-10 2
-5-23 -6
13
122 6
168
178
14 10 147
-14 9
SHOT 5
SHOT POINT 15 DATA TABLE
LOCATION
NUMBER
302
303
304
305
306
308
309
312
317
318
319
320
322
323
324
325
326
327
s,
328
ox
329
330
332
333
334
335
338
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
348
349
350
352
DISTANCE
(km)
131.134
126.488
124.457
122.022
120.698
116.860
113.679
110.820
101.537
99.773
97.965
95.687
17.525
15.756
14.017
12.854
11.139
9.398
7.676
6.381
5.125
1.379
0.091
-0.865
-2.155
-6.976
-10.618
-12.239
-13.958
-15.720
-18.007
-20.292
-22.568
-25.985
-27.400
-28.840
-30.846
AZMUTH
(deg
)
142.8
144.4
144.4
144.7
144.3
144.4
144.5
142.8
143.6
143.6
143.0
143.6
142.3
141.0
139.3
134.9
137.0
135.5
137.8
137.1
135.6
126.8
291.6
327.2
317.2
324.5
319.8
316.3
318.5
320.1
319.4
318.8
318.3
317.8
316.6
316.4
315.7
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 66
66
6666
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 8448 48 48
48 4848
28
2828 8 8 8 828
2828
28 28
28 666666
666666
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
-205 223
-12 94889 0
443
26
-10 5 0-5
-14 4-6 9 5 3
-10 4
-14
-11 4 414 2
-20
-14 0
-4621 2 1 0
LOCATION
NUMBER
353
354
355
356
357
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
369
370
371
372
373
375
376
378
379
381
382
383
384
387
388
389
391
394
395
397
398
399
400
DISTANCE
(km)
-32.326
-33.999
-35.174
-37.283
-39.144
-41.740
-43.901
21.104
23.134
24.905
26.223
28.515
30.599
35.682
38.280
39.619
42.622
44.541
45.850
47.333
49.092
51.166
56.922
58.362
59.987
61.521
67.409
70.498
74.298
76.860
83.178
85.494
89.124
90.908
92.291
92.646
AZMUTH
(deg)
316.2
317.0
317.0
317.6
317.6
317.5
317.4
144.3
143.2
141.7
144.0
144.0
144.4
140.8
142.2
143.0
141.3
145.0
146.2
147.0
148.5
147.0
146.5
145.6
143.9
144.9
144.4
143.0
142.8
144.2
145.1
146.2
143.9
143.3
143.9
144.4
AMPLIFICATION
(dB)
66 666666
66 66 66
6666 66
66 66
66 66 66
6666
84 84 6666 66 66
66 84 84 66 66
84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec) 2
-12 9-2 0 0-7 5 3 3 2 0 0 2 6
-14 4 0 5
-10 2-5
-23 -6
13 126
16 9 810
15 7
-14 9 4
SHOT 6
SHOT POINT 16
DATA TABLE
LOCATION
NUMBER
302
303
304
305
306
308
309
312
315
317
318
319
320
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
332
333
334
335
338
340
341
342
343
345
346
348
349
350
351
352
DISTANCE
(km)
82.481
77.620
75.591
73.121
71.852
68.002
64.814
62.207
56.686
52.824
51.072
49.362
47.006
-31.676
-33.483
-35.273
-36.675
-38.189
-39.937
-41.523
-42.803
-44.060
-47.762
-49.113
-49.905
-51.155
-56.001
-59.558
-61.061
-62.834
-64.634
-69.130
-71.369
-74.735
-76.069
-77.483
-78.292
-79.427
AZMUTH
(deg)
139.
3141.7
141.6
142.1
141.3
141.4
141.4
138.2
139.5
139.0
138.8
137.5
138.3
332.0
332.1
332.2
333.3
331.9
331.6
330.5
330.3
330.1
329.2
328.5
328.5
328.1
328.0
327.0
326.1
326.3
326.5
325.7
325.3
324.8
324.3
324.0
323.7
323.6
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 66 66 666666 66
66 84 666666 66 66 6666666666 66 6666
84 84 84
84 8466 84 84 84 84 66
84 84 666666
84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
-6 13 12
-15 2179
1515 7
-14 104 5 0
-5
-14 4-6 9 5 3
-10 4
-14
-11 4 4152
-20 0
-47 22 2 1 8 0
LOCATION
NUMBER
353
354
355
356
357
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
369
370
371
372
373
375
376
378
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
394
395
397
398
399
DISTANCE
(km)
-80.954
-82.677
-83.842
-85.979
-87.831
-90.410
-92.549
-28.038
-26.095
-24.490
-22.993
-20.736
-18.653
-14.502
-11.774
-10.337
-8.625
-5.352
-3.753
-2.164
0.070
8.099
9.726
11.817
12.967
14.776
16.457
18.841
22.217
25.985
26.586
28.213
34.325
36.506
40.414
42.298
43.571
AZMUTH
(deg)
323.
632
3.8
323.7
323.8
323.7
323.5
323.3
331.8
333.3
335.5
333.8
334.8
335.4
348.0
349.6
350.3
7.1
359.7
359.2
5.7
105.8
134.3
130.5
124.1
131.0
129.5
131.5
133.6
130.6
131.9
133.4
136.7
140.1
143.1
138.3
137.2
138.6
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 84 84 84 84 66 66 66 66 66 66 666666
28 2828 66 668 8 8
48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 66 66 66 84 66
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c) 2-12 9-2 0 0-7 5 3 3 3 0 0 2 6
-14 4 0 5
-11 2
-24 -6 13 12
-15 2 6 179
188 10 157
-14 10
SHOT 7
SHOT POINT 17 DATA TABLE
to
oo
LOCATION
NUMBER
402
404
405
406
407
410
411
412
414
415
417
419
420
421
422
424
426
427
428
429
431
432
433
434
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
452
454
DISTANCE
(km)
123.249
126.439
126.669
129.137
131.178
136.754
138.824
141.478
144.318
146.217
150.197
154.414
155.789
15.851
18.017
21.374
24.178
26.118
27.286
29.263
32.496
34.195
35.809
37.293
41.639
43.443
45.370
46.963
48.312
118.321
115.740
113.522
111.459
109.567
107.341
105.131
103.480
102.002
99.765
95.824
92.482
AZMUTH
Al(d
eg)
143.2
143.3
142.1
141.8
141.3
141.7
141.9
141.5
142.4
142.2
141.8
141.9
141.8
155.0
153.2
154.3
153.1
151.5
152.6
151.7
149.8
149.1
148.7
148.9
150.7
148.6
149.0
149.1
149.3
143.4
143.4
143.6
143.9
144.1
144.3
144.5
145.0
145.5
145.7
145.7
145.0
yiPLIFIC
(dB) 84
84 84 84 84 84 84 84
84 84 66
84 84
84 84 84 84
8484 48 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 8484 8484 84 84 848484 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
-207 999 812
-11 4 469
337
52
252
-6
16-1
1 12-1
5 22
13
13 13-1
7 14 3 198
10 11 7 4-7 -4 2
-24
10
20 5 2 6-4
LOCATION
NUMBER
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
469
471
472
473
475
476
477
478
474
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
DISTANCE
(km)
90.609
88.825
86.970
85.204
83.767
82.020
49.947
51.713
53.766
55.449
57.075
59.157
60.939
64.486
67.712
69.619
71.297
73.956
75.682
77.031
78.362
72.592
-22.107
-17.415
-11.434
-7.323
3.301
14.269
10.801
1.603
0.021
-5.602
5.068
-3.346
12.264
-19.314
-9.243
-13.407
-15.395
-1.621
AZMUTH
M>(deg)
145.1
145.
614
6.2
146.
714
7.9
148.
214
9.4
149.
514
9.5
149.
014
8.8
148.
8149.1
149.
8149.9
149.
814
9.6
146.1
146.
414
7.1
147.
714
7.6
326.
7325.9
326.
0319.7
174.
915
5.7
152.7
178.9
45.6
315.
416
5.4
314.
5155.9
326.
732
3.1
327.0
324.
6283.9
4PLI
FIC
(dB) 84 84 84 84 66 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 66 84 66 66 66 84 66 66 8 66 66 66 66 84 66 84 84 66
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c) 6 4 5 0 3-2
18
13
13
15 9
11
-32
110
18 2 17
-20 110
16
-25 127
25 1 914
27
18
33
29
17
23
-13
14
-10
14
11
SHOT 8 SHOT POINT 18 DATA TABLE
NJ vo
LOCATION
NUMBER
402
403
405
406
409
410
411
412
414
415
418
421
422
423
424
426
427
428
429
431
432
433
434
436
437
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
DISTANCE
(km)
49.478
50.908
53.119
55.643
61.649
63.251
65.282
67.998
70.637
72.571
77.893
-58.387
-56.157
-54.311
-52.924
-50.080
-48.051
-46.984
-44.958
-41.617
-39.883
-38.256
-36.785
-32.661
-30.651
-27.208
-25.891
44.537
41.958
39.719
37.618
35.688
33.439
31.209
29.506
AZMUTH
P&
(deg
)
138.9
139.6
136.5
136.0
136.2
136.5
136.9
136.5
138.5
138.2
138.5
323.7
323.9
324.0
322.9
322.8
323.2
322.4
322.5
323.3
323.6
323.7
323.4
320.3
322.6
321.0
320.3
138.8
138.7
138.9
139.4
140.0
140.3
140.7
142.1
1PLIFK
(dB] 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 48 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
-209 8 812
112 4 469
347 4
-6 166
-11
12-15 23
14
13 13-17 143
19 10 118 4
-7 -4 2
-24 11
20
LOCATION
NUMBER
449
450
452
453
454
455
456
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
469
470
471
472
473
475
476
479
474
483
484
485
488
489
490
496
DISTANCE
(km)
27.988
25.740
21.801
20.171
18.534
16.659
14.817
11.195
10.031
8.467
-24.294
-22.580
-20.560
-18.827
-17.185
-15.147
-13.514
-10.466
-9.216
-7.828
-6.350
-5.207
0.034
1.724
6.483
-2.306
-85.464
-81.308
-71.117
-72.648
-73.993
-79.503
-93.348
AZMUTH
M-(deg)
143.7
144.4
144.2
143.7
140.4
140.2
143.0
150.5
161.4
166.9
319.5
318.4
317.4
317.6
317.3
315.8
312.6
303.3
299.1
291.4
281.6
269.2
335.4
157.3
174.0
274.3
326.1
325.6
324.9
325.5
326.2
325.4
326.3
1PLIFK
(dB] 84 84 84 84 84 84 48 66 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 66 66 66 66 668
66 66 8
84 84 84 84 84 84 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c) 5 2 6 5-56 4 0 3
-2
18
13
13
15 9
11-32
11
250
192
18-21 817
27
251
27
19
33-13
SHOT 9
SHOT POINT 19 DATA TABLE
LOCATION
NUMBER
402
403
404
405
406
409
410
411
412
414
415
417
418
419
421
422
424
426
427
428
429
431
432
433
434
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
DISTANCE
(km)
-4.252
-3.612
-2.739
-0.024
2.541
8.519
10.114
12.154
14.862
17.634
19.523
23.518
24.859
27.727
-111.296
-109.061
-105.888
-103.053
-101.006
-99.980
-97.951
-94.582
-92.837
-91.209
-89.757
-85.742
-83.668
-81.818
-80.281
-78.985
-8.832
-11.326
-13.557
-15.687
-17.654
-19.905
-22.137
-23.953
-25.623
-27.877
-29.816
-31.679
AZMUTH
(deg
)
287.1
266.2
238.5
360.0
126.9
134.3
136.7
139.0
136.5
144.8
143.0
140.4
142.9
141.0
320.3
320.3
319.7
319.6
319.7
319.3
319.3
319.5
319.5
319.5
319.3
317.9
318.7
318.3
318.0
317.7
304.5
308.3
309.5
309.5
309.4
310.0
310.5
309.5
308.6
309.1
310.1
311.1
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 66 66 668
66 66 66 66 84 84 84 84 84 66 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 48 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
-210 9
999 812
113 4469
348
534
25 -6 17
-11 12
-16 23 14 13 13
-17 143
198
10 118 4
-7 -42
-24 11 20 6 2126
LOCATION
NUMBER
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
466
467
469
471
472
473
475
476
477
474
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
492
493
494
496
497
498
499
500
DISTANCE
(km)
-33.226
-34.672
-36.531
-38.455
-40.480
-42.367
-44.251
-46.047
-77.405
-75.706
-73.694
-71.960
-68.283
-66.628
-63.376
-60.327
-58.466
-56.804
-53.168
-51.530
-50.395
-54.871
-148.738
-144.073
-138.099
-134.006
-123.926
-112.870
-116.088
-125.408
-126.691
-132.255
-120.334
-122.052
-130.007
-145.950
-135.931
-140.053
-142.073
-127.967
AZMUTH
(deg)
312.1
314.4
314.8
314.0
313.2
312.8
311.0
311.1
317.4
317.0
316.7
316.8
316.3
315.7
314.3
313.3
312.9
312.6
316.5
315.8
314.5
314.9
322.8
322.6
322.4
322.0
321.3
320.4
321.1
321.7
322.1
321.8
321.0
321.2
321.9
322.7
322.2
322.6
322.4
321.7
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 48 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec) 5
-56 5 5 0 3
-2 18 13 13 15 11-3
2 110
192
18-2
1 11 17-26 127 251 9
14 27 19 33 24 30 17-1
3 14-10 14 11
SH
OT
12
SH
OT
P
OIN
T
10
DA
TA
T
AB
LE
LOCATION
NUMBER
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
709
711
712
713
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
729
730
731
732
733
734
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
749
DISTANCE
(km)
-32.744
-30.741
-29.521
-29.026
-27.284
-25.263
-26.416
-22.334
-20.102
-19.008
-17.998
-16.004
-15.200
-13.985
-13.015
-12.169
-11.168
-10.224
-9.303
-7.840
-6.827
-5.880
-4.652
-3.403
-0.927
-0.192
4.140
9.145
14.326
20.043
30.052
34.600
40.357
46.070
51.329
-53.293
-52.094
-50.896
-49.697
-48.472
-47.267
-46.038
-43.654
AZMUTH
(deg)
331.3
329.9
329.9
326.9
327.3
327.5
328.0
329.0
328.8
328.6
328.4
328.0
327.9
327.5
327.2
326.9
326.5
326.0
325.2
324.3
323.8
323.8
324.4
325.0
335.0
86.5
138.6
140.7
138.4
133.8
130.1
128.7
128.2
130.9
132.4
331.3
331.3
331.4
331.4
331.4
331.5
331.5
331.5
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 60 60 78 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40 20 20 208
20 40 40 60 60 60 60 60 60 78 78 40 78 78 78 78 78
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
19 63-29 -53
21 11 17 -89 5
165
-8-12 18 15 86 19 17 13 128
198
10 15 13 15 26 29 143
-30 19 14 -8 11
-36 9
-16 313
LOCATION
NUMBER
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
778
781
782
783
784
786
787
789
790
791
793
794
795
797
798
799
800
DISTANCE
(km)
-42.574
-41.567
-40.126
-38.793
-38.025
-37.262
-36.466
-34.661
-33.496
-32.495
-74.322
-75.607
-76.407
-77.206
-78.555
-79.373
-81.410
-82.977
-84.093
-84.943
-86.795
-88.606
-89.336
-90.628
-95.973
-74.381
-73.334
-72.454
-71.823
-69.624
-68.161
-66.705
-65.814
-64.574
-62.637
-61.636
-59.723
-58.564
-56.675
-55.670
-54.922
AZMUTH
(deg)
331.7
331.5
332.0
331.7
331.8
332.4
332.9
331.4
331.1
331.7
328.8
328.4
328.3
328.2
328.1
328.1
328.0
327.8
327.9
328.0
327.9
327.8
327.4
327.7
327.6
328.8
328.7
328.5
328.5
328.4
328.2
328.1
327.9
328.1
328.2
328.6
329.2
329.6
330.1
330.4
331.2
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 40 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 78 78 78 78 78 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
-13 101
136 8
17 -6 13-19 -3
-15 6465
16 27 23 17 10 231 6
14 517 7
10 221 0 0
24 22 10-40 147 1
139
SHOT 13 SHOT POINT 7
DATA TABLE
LOCATION
NUMBER
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
709
711
712
713
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
DISTANCE
(km)
15.090
17.230
18.401
19.384
20.933
22.801
21.631
25.453
27.643
28.727
29.724
31.701
32.495
33.702
34.665
35.505
36.502
37.439
38.368
39.823
40.820
41.737
42.917
44.127
45.066
46.535
47.528
51.424
56.326
61.258
66.433
75.607
79.755
85.234
91.280
96.691
-7.206
-6.219
-5.321
-4.548
-4.027
3.850
4.031
4.520
AZMUTH
(deg)
166.6
167.3
166.2
170.0
167.7
165.6
166.0
162.3
161.4
161.1
160.7
160.2
160.0
159.7
159.4
159.3
159.1
158.9
158.7
158.4
158.2
157.8
157.4
157.0
156.7
156.1
155.9
154.7
153.7
152.1
149.6
146.1
144.6
143.3
143.7
143.8
297.6
291.7
283.8
273.1
258.2
240.8
223.1
208.3
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 60 60 78 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 40 40 40
20 20 202020
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
19 63
-29 -53
21 11 17 -8 9 5165
-8
-12 18 15 87 19 17 13 12 819
158
10 15 13 1526 29 143
-30 19
14 -8 11
-37 9
-16 329
LOCATION
NUMBER
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
777
778
781
782
783
784
786
787
789
790
791
793
794
795
797
798
799
800
DISTANCE
(km)
5.271
5.991
6.901
7.968
9.269
9.964
10.564
11.241
13.227
14.402
15.273
-27.898
-29.259
-30.069
-30.884
-32.218
-33.024
-35.000
-36.590
-37.669
-38.473
-40.316
-42.116
-42.961
-44.147
-48.483
-49.452
-27.961
-26.945
-26.160
-25.557
-23.466
-22.136
-20.785
-20.011
-18.759
-16.908
-15.826
-13.818
-12.598
-10.698
-9.680
-8.634
AZMUTH
(deg)
197.6
189.2
185.1
177.1
174.7
172.8
169.4
166.6
168.5
167.9
165.6
316.3
315.9
315.9
316.0
316.3
316.6
317.0
317.0
317.5
318.0
318.3
318.5
317.7
318.7
319.4
319.5
316.2
315.7
314.6
314.2
312.6
310.9
309.5
308.1
307.5
305.7
305.6
304.9
304.4
302.3
301.0
303.3
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 40 40 40 40 40 40 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 78 78 78 78 78 78 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 40 40 40 40 40
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
13
-13 101
13 6 818 -6 14
-20 -3
-15 646 516
2823 17 10 23 1 6147 51 7 7
11
22 1 0 02422 10
-40 147 1
139
SHOT 14 SHOT POINT 11
DATA TABLE
LOCATION
NUMBER
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
709
711
712
713
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
749
750
DISTANCE
(km)
63.263
65.203
66.421
66.890
68.629
70.649
69.497
73.585
75.815
76.906
77.916
79.909
80.762
81.978
82.950
83.797
84.801
85.748
86.675
88.145
89.161
90.105
91.326
92.572
93.537
95.052
96.064
100.062
105.056
110.132
115.518
124.916
129.133
134.626
140.656
146.062
42.854
44.047
45.238
46.434
47.650
48.845
50.067
52.436
53.524
AZMUTH
(deg)
145.7
146.5
146.6
147.9
147.7
147.6
147.4
147.2
147.3
147.3
147.4
147.5
147.5
147.6
147.7
147.7
147.7
147.8
147.8
147.9
147.9
147.8
147.8
147.7
147.6
147.5
147.5
147.2
147.0
146.4
145.2
143.5
142.6
141.9
142.2
142.3
143.0
143.2
143.4
143.5
143.7
143.9
144.0
144.3
144.3
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 60 60 78 60 60 60 60 78 60
78 78 78 7878 60 60 78 78
78 78 78 78
78 7878 78 78
78 78787878 78
78 78 78 787840
78 78 78
78 40
40
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(msec)
19 63
-29 -5 3
21 11 17
-8 9 516 5
-8
-12 18 15 8720
17 14 128
19
15 810 15 13 15 2630 143
-30 19 14 R 12
-37 9
-16 313
-13
LOCATION
NUMBER
751
752
753
754
755
756
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
781
782
783
784
786
787
789
790
791
793
794
795
797
798
799
800
DISTANCE
(km)
54.505
55.982
57.280
58.048
58.851
59.687
61.365
62.504
63.535
21.655
20.337
19.530
18.724
17.373
16.555
14.566
13.737
12.992
11.880
11.040
9.185
7.373
6.644
5.344
3.733
0.969
0.000
21.594
22.635
23.491
24.119
26.308
27.760
29.212
30.100
31.344
33.284
34.300
36.247
37.434
39.359
40.388
41.234
AZMUTH
(deg
)
144.6
144.4
144.8
144.9
144.6
144.4
145.4
145.7
145.5
143.6
144.6
144.9
145.2
145.2
145.2
145.4
146.1
146.3
145.8
144.7
144.7
144.7
150.8
145.9
149.1
141.2
180.0
143.6
143.9
144.8
145.0
145.6
146.2
146.5
147.0
146.5
146.4
145.8
144.9
144.5
144.0
143.8
142.8
AMPLIFICATION
(dB) 40 4040 40 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 34 30 10 10 96 10
10 60 60 60 60 60 60
60 60 60 60 60 78 78 78 78 78
CLOCK
CORRECTION
(mse
c)
101
136 8
18 -6 14-20 -3
-15 6475
16 289
23 17 10 231 6
14 12 7 517
. 7
11 221 0 0
24 22 10-40 147 1
139
Appendix C: SEG-Y Tape Format
34
Archive Tape Data Format
Archive data tapes are written in SEGY standard format (Barry et al, 1975). Recording density is 16OO bpi, phase encoded (PE). In order to accomodate seismic refraction data, some minor changes have been made to the tape header fields. A complete list of header fields is provided in the card image portion of the reel identification header, shown below:
C 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C &C 7C 8C 9CIOCllC12C13C14CISC16C17CISC19C20C21C22C23C24C25C26C27C28C29C30C31C32C33C34C35C36C37C38C39C40
REEL3217322132253255
TRACE159
293741454969717377818589
115117121157159161163165167181183185191193195197201
IDENTIFICATION HEADER BYTES :-3218-3222-3226-3256
SAMPLING INTERVAL (MICROSECS).NUMBER OF SAMPLES PER TRACE.DATA SAMPLE FORMAT CODE.MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (1 = METERS; 2 = FEET)
IDENTIFICATION HEADER BYTES :48
- 12- 30- 40- 44- 48- 52- 70- 72- 76- 80- 84- 88- 90- 116- 118- 122- 158- 160- 162- 164- 166- 168- 182- 184- 186- 192- 194- 196- 200- 204
TRACE SEQUENCE NUMBER WITHIN REEL.TRACE SEQUENCE NUMBER WITHIN REEL.STATION LOCATION NUMBER.TRACE ID CODE (1 = SEISMIC DATA).SHOTPOINT-RECEIVER DISTANCE (M).STATION ELEVATION <M>.SHOTPOINT ELEVATION <M).SOURCE DEPTH <M).SCALAR TO BE APPLIED TO ALL ELEVATIONS.SCALAR TO BE APPLIED TO ALL COORDINATES.SHOTPOINT COORDINATE - X.SHOTPOINT COORDINATE - Y.RECEIVER COORDINATE - X.RECEIVER COORDINATE - Y.COORDINATE UNITS (1 = METERS; 2 = SECONDS OF ARC)NUMBER OF SAMPLES IN THIS TRACE.SAMPLE INTERVAL IN MICROSECONDS FOR THIS TRACE.INSTRUMENT ATTENUATION IN DB.SHOT TIME - YEAR.SHOT TIME - DAY OF YEAR.SHOT TIME - HOUR OF DAY (24 HOUR CLOCK).SHOT TIME - MINUTE OF HOUR.SHOT TIME - SECOND OF MINUTE.TIME BASIS CODE (2 = GMT).SHOT TIME - MILLISECONDS.SHOTPOINT LOCATION NUMBER.RECORDING INSTRUMENT UNIT NUMBER.DISTANCE WEIGHTING EXPONENT (HUNDREDTHS) .SHOT SEQUENCE NUMBER (SHOT NUMBER).SHOT SIZE (KG).SHOTPOINT - STATION AZIMUTH (SEC OF ARC).TIME OF FIRST POINT MINUS SHOT TIME (MSEC)
35
The data point format is "32 bit floating point*, and the appropriate bytes (3225-3226) of the binary reel id header contain a value of 1. The trace amplitudes have not been adjusted for instrument gain, but the gain correction factor can be estimated from the instrument attenuation value (alt) specified in bytes 121-122. To correct for gain, the data should be demeaned and then multiplied by
(att/20) 10
The measurement system (bytes 3255-3256 of the binary reel header) is set to 1, meters.
Shotpoint and receiver coordinates are in seconds of arc (byte field 89-90). The coordinate scalar multiplier (bytes 71-72) is set to -100, so the coordinates (bytes 73-8S) are in hundredths of a second of arc.
Bytes 157-166 and bytes 181-182 refer to the shot detonation time. The time of the first data sample is found by adding the shot detonation time to the time specified in bytes 201-204.
Since there is no weighting of amplitudes with distance for archive tapes, the distance weighting exponent (bytes 191-192) is not used.
Shot sequence number (bytes 193-194) refers to the order in which shots were fired during the field campaign.
REFERENCE
Barry, K. W., D. A. Cavers, and C. W. Kneale (1975). Recommended Standards for Digital Tape Formats, Geophysics 40, 344-352.
36