Attawit Kovitvadhi, fvetawk@ku.ac.th

1

Department of physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University

1. Current situation of animal production

2. Which animals should be fed insects?

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed?

4. Regulation to use insects as raw material or diets

5. Conclusion

Outlines

High profits

- Low investment cost

- High production yield

- High selling price

1. Current situation of animal production

- Valuable price

- Perception & Taste

- Food security

Functional food

Trends - Ban of Growth Promoter Antibiotics

- Animal welfare

- World friendly (Pollution)

- Organic farming

- Sustainable agriculture

2. Which animals should be fed insects ?

Normal behavior & Nutrient requirement & Consequences

Number = Number of research articles

Broiler 18 Layer 3 Quails 2

Swine 4 Ruminant 2

Fish > 40

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?

Black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)

Housefly larvae(Musca domestica)

Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori)

Field crickets(Gryllus testaceus)

Mealworm larvae(Tenebrio molitor)

Nutrient requirement & Consequences & Production efficiency (Cost)

9

1 4

7

8

Number = Number of research articles (Green=Livestock: left, Blue=Fish: Right)

1 6 18

11 23

Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Vitamins & Minerals

Animal nutrition

Soybean meal

Fish meal

Quality Stability Palatability Hygiene

Insects

Lack EAA & EFA

Depend on species

? ?

Salmonellacontamination

Nutrient requirement

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition

ToxinBioaccumulation

Black soldierfly

Larva

Mealworm

Larva

Common housefly

Larva

Pupa

Silk worm

Pupa

42,1 7,0 26,0 20,6

48,1 5,1 40,0 3,1

50,4 13,8 18,9 10,1

70,8 15,7 15,5 7,7

60,7 3,9 25,7 5,8

51.8 6.7 2 9.47.1

Soybean Meal

Fishmeal

70.6 9.9 18.4

House crickets63.3 18.3 17.3 5.6

7

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Chemical component: Proximate analysis)

8

Silkworm (Pupa)

60,7 3,9 25,7 5,8Non-defatted

Defatted 75.6 6.6 4.7 6.8

51.8 6.7 2 9.47.1

Soybean Meal

Fishmeal

70.6 9.9 18.4

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Chemical component: Proximate analysis)

Soybean meal

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Silkworm pupae

Mealworm

House cricket

Field cricket

Housefly larvae

Housefly pupae

Black soldier fly larvae

Fish meal

Broiler(Requirement)

SWPH crick

BSF

SWPMW

H crickBSF

SWPF crickH crickHF, BSF

SWP SWP MW

HF, BSF

SWPMW

H crickBSF

SWPHF

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Amino acid profile )

Livestock

SWP=Silk worm pupae, H crick = House cricket, BSF = Black soldier fly larvae, MW = Mealworm larvae, HF = Housefly larvae

Soybean meal

Fish meal

Fish(Requirement)

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Amino acid profile )

Fish

SWPHFBSF

SWPSWPMWHFBSF

SWP=Silk worm pupae, H crick = House cricket, BSF = Black soldier fly larvae, MW = Mealworm larvae, HF = Housefly larvae

Linoleic acid (C18:2, omega6) Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, omega3)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Tenebriomolitor

Bombyx mori Achetadoméstica

Achetadoméstica

Soybean Fishmeal

Silkworm larvaeMealworm House crikets

meal

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Nutrition ( Fatty acid profile )

Adeniji, 2007 Hwangbo, 2009Pieterse, 2014

Wang, 2005Bovera, 2016

Biasato, 2016

Elwert, 2010

Bla

ck s

old

ier

fly

Mealwormlarvae

Housefly larvae

Field cricket

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Performance (Insect VS Soybean meal): Broilers

Elwert, 2010

Khatun, 2003 Mentang, 2013Ijaya and Eko, 2009 Oyegoke, 2013

Awoniyi, 2003

Pieterse, 2014

Bla

ck s

old

ier

fly

Silkworm pupae

Silkworm caterpillar

Westwood

Housefly larvae

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Performance (Insect VS Fishmeal): Broilers

Housefly larvae(Musca domestica)

Adenijii (2007)

Crude Protein Crude Fiber

14

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Digestibility: Broilers

a

b bb b

Silkworm caterpillar(Anaphe infracta)

Ijaiya & Eko (2009)

Crude Protein Crude Fiber

Mealworm larvaeSoybeanmeal

Super mealworm larvae(Zophobas morio)

IgY

IgM

IgA

Final weight Mortality rate

a

bb

b

c

a aab b

b

aba

Islam and Yang, 2016

1-day chick

Orally

Salmonella spp.

Collected data

15

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?: Health

Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Vitamins & Minerals

Animal nutrition

Soybean meal

Fish meal

Quality Stability CostPalatability Hygiene

Insects

Lack EAA & EFA

Depend on species

? ?

Salmonellacontamination

Meat quality(Lipid)

Productiveperformance

ConsequencesNutrient requirement

Should bebetter than

Soybean meal

?Can replace

Fishmeal

Depend on species

Depend on production

unit

3. Which insects are interested to use as feed ?

ToxinBioaccumulation

Animal feed and Veterinary products control (DLD)

( กองควบคุมอาหารและยาสัตว์ กรมปศุสัตว์ )

– Use as raw material or in complete diet

– Data need > Declare to Government > Meeting > Approve by Government• Farming and processing

• Laboratory analysis: Proximate analysis & Amino acid & Fatty acid profiles

• Experimental test (in vitro & in vivo)

4. Regulation to use insects as raw material or diets

http://afvc.dld.go.th/

18

5. Conclusion

- Insects have potential to be feed

- Some challenge and questions

- Regulation (Thailand and other countries)

- Productive efficiency (Cost)

- Digestibility, Meat quality and Other consequences after usage

- Consumer perception

- Others

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Production and Health

(MAPS), Padova University, Italy

Acknowledgements

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Kasetsart University, Thailand

Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science

(DISAFA), Torino University, Italy

Thank you for your attention

20