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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Engineering
Salahaddin University-Erbil
Subject: Radiation and Propagation
Course Book – Third year – Electronics and Communication
Lecturer's name: Jalil Aziz Hamadamin, MSc., Assistant professor
Academic Year: 2018-2019
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Course Book
1. Course name Radiation and Propagation
2. Lecturer in
charge
Jalil Aziz Hamadamin
3. Department/
College
Electrical Engineering
4. Contact e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Tel: (009647504478771)
5. Time (in
hours) per week
Theory: 3 - hours
Practical:----
6. Office hours Sunday: 10:00-12:00, Monday: 08:30-10:00
7. Course code EE31 0
8. Teacher's
academic profile
Personal Details:
Name: Jalil Aziz Hamadamin
Date and Place of birth: 1 July 1976, Shaqlawa - Hawler
Home Address: Zanko Qrt., Hawler
Tel. +964(066) 2533299
Mobile: +964(0750) 4478771
E-mail: [email protected]
Education:
M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering (Electronics and Communication), University of
Salahaddin, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, June, 2004.
Thesis Title: “Line of Sight VHF /UHF Propagation in Erbil City”
B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering (General), University of Salahaddin, College of
Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, July1998
Teaching Experience:
Radiation and Propagation
Electromagnetic Fields
Communication Engineering
Computer Networking
Optical Fiber Communication
Basic Electric Laboratory
Communications Laboratory
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Published papers
1. JALEEL AZEEZ HAMADAMEEN "A Log Periodic Antenna: Analysis, design, and
simulation for Mobile Communication bands", 10th WSEAS Int. Conf. on AUTOMATIC
CONTROL, MODELLING & SIMULATION (ACMO S '08), Istanbul, Turkey, May 27-
30, 2008.
2. MUHAMMED A. IBRAHIM JALIL A. HAMADAMIN "The Phase Locked Loops
Noise Analysis" WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, Issue 6, Volume
5, June 2006.
3. Jalil A. Hamadamin "Design and Simulation of Loop Antenna 9 kHz to 30 MHz for ISM
Equipments", 4th International Scientific Conference of Salahaddin University, October 18-
20, 2011, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq.
4. Jalil A. Hamadamin, Diary R. Sulaiman, Arazoo M. Aziz " The Antenna Electrical
Downtilt Improvement for KOREK_TELECOM GSM Mobile Station in Erbil City
(IRAQ)", International Journal Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), ISSN
2039 - 5086. Vol. 4, No.1. February 2014.
5. Arazoo M. Aziz, Jalil A. Hamadamin, Diary R. Sulaiman" The Radar Coverage Studies
and Simulation for Bana Bawi Anticlines in Erbil City Kurdistan Region of Northern Iraq"
Zanko Journal of Salahaddin University – Erbil, Vol 28, No 2 (2016).
6. Jalil A. Hamadamin" Design and Simulation of PIF Antenna for Mobile Bands (1920-
1960) MHz" Zanko Journal of Salahaddin University - Erbil.
Membership of Professional Bodies
1. Member of Kurdistan Union of Engineers
2. Member of Kurdistan Teaching Union
9. Keywords Electromagnetic waves, wave propagation, waveguides, transmission lines, antenna
10. Course overview:
The course is a comprehensive undergraduate course on electromagnetic fields and waves propagation and
their behaviour in different mediums, different types of transmission lines, waveguides and their applications,
antenna principles, antenna theory, types of antennas, application of antennas in different frequency bands, radio
wave propagation, sky wave propagation.
11. Course objective
The objective of this course is to introduce students to:
1. Maxwell equations and its application to different media.
2. Propagation of electromagnetic waves through different media.
3. Basics of transmission line and different characteristics associated with it.
4. Relevance of wave theory in communication.
5. To introduce the fundamental principles of antenna theory and various types of antennas.
6. Applying the principles of antennas to the analysis, design, and measurements of antennas.
7. To know the applications of some basic and practical configurations such as dipoles, loops,
8. Broadband, aperture type and horn antennas
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
9. Radio wave propagation, ground waves, surface wave, space wave and sky wave propagation.
12. Student's obligation
The student has the right and obligation to participate in the work forms of the degree programme courses in
such a manner that the course objectives are attained.
Students have the right to know the competence objectives, contents, teaching methods, assessment criteria, and
duration of each course.
Course-specific learning objectives and key contents are described in the degree programme curricula. The
online implementation plan describes the work forms, requirements, completion order, schedule, and assessment
criteria of each course.
13. Forms of teaching
An effective teaching style engages students in the learning process and helps them develop critical thinking
skills. Traditional teaching styles have evolved with the advent of differentiated instruction, prompting teachers
to adjust their styles toward students’ learning needs. A lecturer must decide which of instructional techniques
would be most appropriate for the particular situation. Issues such as the developmental level of the students, the
instructional venue using
Data show slides
Whiteboard
Explanatory animations for extra imagination
Physical examples for more understanding
Videos related to the subjects, if used will be interesting for students and etc.
A lecturer may well determine that a combination of techniques would be most appropriate for each case.
14. Assessment scheme
Since the academic year consist of two terms students are required to perform one closed book examination at
the end of the each term, plus marks obtained after each chapter, so the annual marks will be as follows:
- First term examination 17,5%
- Second term examination 17.5%
- Homework and quiz tests 5%
- Annual average marks 40%
- Final examination 60%
15. Student learning outcome:
A student who successfully fulfills the course requirements will have demonstrated:
1. An in depth analysis of the solutions and physical Interpretation of Maxwell's equations in the static, steady
state and dynamic regimes.
2. have comprehensive understanding of propagation of electromagnetic waves good conductors, dielectric and
ionized media.
3. An in depth understanding of polarization and its applications.
4. An in depth analysis of the propagation of plane waves in lossless and lossy dielectric and conducting media.
5. An in depth analysis of transmission lines and their parameters both analytically and using the Smith Chart.
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
6. be able to define the transmission line constants and calculate phase delay, wavelength and velocity of
propagation on a transmission line appreciate characteristic impedance, propagation coefficient in terms of the
primary line constants, and distortion on transmission lines.
7. understand wave reflection , standing waves , calculate reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.
8. An ability to analyze and design rectangular waveguides and understand the propagation of electromagnetic
waves, including propagation in dielectric waveguides and optical fibers.
9. Understand the fundamental of optical fiber, design and model optical communication system.
10. An understanding of basic antenna concepts, such as gain, directivity, Friis formula for communicating
antennas and radar, antenna noise temperature.
11. Ability to utilize antenna parameters to understand different types of antennas.
12. Ability to choose the best type of antenna for different situations and to design antenna systems given a set of
specifications.
13. List the basic wave propagation mechanisms such as free space propagation, reflection, transmission,
diffraction, scattering.
14. Ionospheric wave propagation and its application.
16. Course Reading List and References:
1. Sophocles J. Orfanidis “Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas”, 2016.
2. David K. Cheng, “Field and wave electromagnetics”, Third Edition, 2002.
3. D. V. Parasad, “Electromagnetic Fields Waves and Antennas”, Second Edition, 2008.
4. Uday A. Bakshi, “Antenna and Wave Propagation”, First Edition, 2008.
5. J. Dunlop and D. G. Smith, “Telecommunications Engineering”, Third Edition, 1994.
6. John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka and Ahmad S.Khan, ―Antennas and wave propagation,‖ TMH, New
Delhi, 4th Ed., (special Indian Edition), 2010.
7. E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, ―Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems,‖ PHI, 2nd Edn, 2000
8. M. N. O. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 4th edition, Prentice-Hall, 2007.
9. S. J. Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas, online book, 2011, available freely from:
http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~orfanidi/ewa/
17. The topics
EE310 Radiation and Propagation (6 units)
Lectures: 3 hours/week, 30 weeks
Maxwell`s Equation
Wave equations
Guided wave
Microwave Transmission Lines: Two wire lines, coaxial lines, rectangular wave guide, circular
waveguide, Optical fiber.
Smith chart: smith chart impedance, admittance manipulation on the chart, smith chart theory and
applications, reflection coefficient, impedance of distributed circuits, impedance matching, S -
parameters.
Passive microwave components: connectors, directional coupler, attenua to r, isolator, circulator,
cavity resonator, filter, T- section.
Active microwave devices: Klystron oscillator & amplifier, reflex klystron, TWT, Magnetron.
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Introduction to optical fiber, features of optical fiber, types of optical fibers and their specifications,
principle of total internal reflection, optic windows and numerical aperture, acceptance cone, modes of
propagation, plastic optical fiber, attenuation and dispersion in optical fiber, Fresnel reflection, colors
used in optical fiber cables, optical fiber components.
Introduction: Physical concept of Radiation in single wire, two wire, and dipole, Current Distribution
on a thin wire antenna.
Fundamental Parameters of Antenna: Radiation Pattern, Radiation Power Density, Radiation intensity,
Directivity, Gain, Antenna efficiency, Beam width, Bandwidth, Polarisation, Antenna Input
Impedance, Elementary idea about self and mutual impedance, Radiation efficiency, Effective
aperture, Antenna Temperature. Antenna scattering parameter.
Linear Wire Antennas: Retarded potential, Infinitesimal dipole, Current distribution of short dipole
and half wave dipole, Far- field, Radiating near- field and reactive near- field region, Monopole and
Half wave dipole.
Antenna Arrays: Array of two point sources, Array factor, n- element linear array with uniform
amplitude and spacing, Analysis of Broadside array, Ordinary end fire array, Hansen- woodyard end
fire array, n- element linear array with nonuniform spacing, Analysis of Binomial and Dolph-
Tschebyscheff array, Scanning Array, Superdirective array.
Aperture Antennas: Field Equivalence principle, Rectangular and circular aperture antennas, Horn
antenna, Babinet’s Principle, Slot Antenna, Reflector antenna.
Ground wave Propagation: Friis Free space equation, Reflection from earth’s surface, Surface waves,
attenuation characteristics for ground wave propagation, calculation of field strength at a distance.
Space wave propagation for vertical and horizontal dipole, Field strength of Space wave, Range of
space wave propagation, Effective earth’s radius, Effect of earth imperfections and atmosphere on
space wave propagation, Modified refractive index, Duct propagation, Tropospheric propagation.
Structure of ionosphere, propagation of radio waves through ionosphere, Refractive index of
ionosphere, Reflection and refraction of waves by ionosphere, Critical frequency, Maximum usable
frequency, Optimum working frequency, Lowest usable high frequency, virtual height, Skip Distance,
Effect of earth’s magnetic field, energy loss in the ionosphere due to collisions, fading and diversity
receptions.
18. The Course Program:
Week 1,2,3,4,5. Introduction to wave equations, application of Maxwell’s equations, wave equations in different
mediums and their behaviour, guided waves.
Example. A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in the x-direction has a wavelength of 5.0 mm. The electric field is in
the y-direction and its maximum magnitude is 30 V m. Write suitable equations for the electric and magnetic
fields as a function of x and t.
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Solution.
Week 6,7,8,9,10. Introduction to transmission lines, different types of transmission lines, optical fiber, theory,
derivation of Telegrapher’s equations for current and voltage in time and frequency domain. Types of
transmission lines and their applications. Calculating of line parameters: impedance, standing wave ratio,
reflection coefficients, propagation constant, attenuation constant, phase constant etc. numerically and using
Smith chart.
Example.
A high frequency transmission line consists of a pair of open wires having a distributed capacitance of 0.01 µF
per Km and a distributed inductance of 3mH per Km. What is the characteristic impedance and propagation
constant at f=10MHz?
Solution.
Week 11,12,13,14,15,16. Introduction to microwave devices. Waveguides, analysis of wave equations
propagating in waveguides. Active microwave devices, amplifiers, oscillators, microwave resonators. Passive
microwave devices, Power handling in waveguides, attenuation.
Example. For a hollow rectangular waveguide with inner dimensions of 3.44 × 7.22 cm and an operating frequency of
3000 MHz, find the possible propagation modes, phase velocity, group velocity and phase constant.
β
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Solution.
Week 17,18,19. Introduction to optical fiber, features of optical fiber, types of optical fibers and their
specifications, principle of total internal reflection, optic windows and numerical aperture, acceptance cone,
modes of propagation, plastic optical fiber, attenuation and dispersion in optical fiber, Fresnel reflection, colors
used in optical fiber cables, optical fiber components.
Example. Example: A light ray is traveling in a transparent material of refractive index 1.51 and approaches a
second material of refractive index 1.46. Calculate the critical angle.
Solution.
𝜃𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1𝑛2𝑛1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−11.46
1.51= 75.2𝑜
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research
Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشینبهتی دڵنیایی جۆری و متمانهرایهبهڕێوهبه
Week 20,21,22,23,24,25,26. Antenna fundamentals, characteristics of antenna, antenna parameters, antenna
properties, radiation pattern, antenna equivalent circuit, radiation resistance, efficiency, bandwidth etc. Types of
antennas, VHF, UHF, microwave antennas. Design of antennas. Linear Wire Antennas: Retarded potential,
Infinitesimal dipole, Current distribution of short dipole and half wave dipole, Far- field, Radiating near- field
and reactive near- field region, Monopole and Half wave dipole. Array antennas, aperture antennas, mobile
antennas, smart antennas.
Example. Find the radiation resistance of a dipole antenna λ/10 long. Also, find the antenna efficiency if the loss
resistance is 1 ohm.
Solution.
Week 26,27,28,29,30. Propagation of radio waves. Ground wave propagation. Space wave propagation. Sky
wave propagation. Introduction to satellite communication.
Example. Define skip distance.
Answer.
Is defined as the shortest distance from the transmitter, measured along surface of the earth, at which a sky wave
of fixed frequency will return back to earth.