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PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM SOLVING
LAB MANUAL
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
2
Year : 2018 - 2019
Subject Code : CS106ES & CS206ES
Regulations : R18
Class & Branch : I B.Tech - I Semester
CE, ME & ECE
&
I B.Tech - II Semester
CSE & EEE
Prepared By
Mr. Vishnu Prasad Goranthala Mr. Ranjith Kumar Badugu Assistant Professor, CSE Assistant Professor, CSE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
3
INDEX
S.No. Name of the program Page
No.
1 Write the program for the simple, compound interest. 07
2
Write a program to find the max and min from the three numbers.
08
3
Write a simple program that prints the results of all the operators
available in C (including pre/ post increment, bitwise and/or/not, etc.).
Read required operand values from standard input.
09
4
Write program that declares Class awarded for a given percentage of
marks, where mark <40%= Failed, 40% to <60% = Second class,
60% to <70%=First class, >= 70% = Distinction. Read percentage from
standard input.
13
5
Write a program that prints a multiplication table for a given number.
14
6
Write a C program to read 3 numbers and print only the middle number
among them.
15
7
Write a C program to check whether given letter is alphabet or not if so
check it is vowel or not.
16
8
Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and one operator
from the user, performs the operation and then prints the result.
(Consider the operators +,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement)
17
9
Write a C program to find the roots of quadratic equation.
20
10 Write a C program to determine if the given number is a prime number
or not. 21
11
Write a C program to find the factorial of a positive integer. 22
12
Write a C program to check whether given number is Armstrong or
Not.
23
4
13
Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive
integer and test given number is palindrome.
24
14
Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between
1 and ‘n’, where ‘n’ is a value supplies by the user.
25
15
Write a C program to find the minimum, maximum and average in an
array of integers.
26
16
Write a C program to perform the addition of two matrices. 27
17
Write a C program to perform the multiplication of two matrices after
verifying necessary conditions.
29
18
Write a C program to find the factorial of a given integer using
recursion technique.
31
19
Write a C program to generate first ‘n’ Fibonacci sequence using
recursion technique.
32
20
Write a C program to find x ^ n using recursion technique.
33
21
Write a C program to find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two
given integers using recursion technique. 34
22
Write a C program to print the following format:
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
35
23
Write a program for reading elements using pointer into array and
display the values using array.
36
5
24
Write a program for display values reverse order from array using
pointer.
37
25
Write a program through pointer variable to sum of n elements from
array.
38
26
Write a C program to create a file and store some data into it and
display the content of that file to standard output device.
39
27
Write a C program which copies one file to another, replacing all
lowercase characters with their uppercase equivalents.
40
28
Write a C program to merge two files into a third file. 42
29
Write a C program to create a binary file and store 10 numbers into it
and display the content of that file to standard output device.
44
30
Write a C program that uses non recursive function to search for a Key
value in a given list of integers using linear search method
45
31
Write a C program that uses non recursive function to search for a Key
value in a given sorted list of integers using binary search method.
46
32
Write a C program that implements the Bubble sort method to sort a
given list of integers in ascending order.
48
33
Write a C program that sorts the given array of integers using selection
sort in descending order
50
34
Write a C program that sorts the given array of integers using insertion
sort in ascending order
52
6
Beyond the Syllabus
01
Write a C program that uses to perform the following:
a) Create a singly linked list of integers.
b) Display the contents of the above list.
66
02 Write a C Program to Implement a Stack using Linked List
68
35
Write a C program that sorts a given array of names
54
36
Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or
not (Spelled same in both directions with or without a meaning like
madam, civic, noon, abcba, etc.)
55
37
Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given
text.
56
38
Write a C program to illustrate the following:
1. Simple structure concept.
2. Enumeration concept.
3. Typedef concept.
57
39
Write a C program to construct a pyramid of numbers as follows:
60
40
Write a C program to illustrate Macro’s concept (#define, #undef)
63
7
1 Q: Write the program for the simple, compound interest
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float simpleInterest(int p ,int t , float r);
float compoundInterest(int p, int t , float r);
int p,t;
float r,s,c;
clrscr();
printf("Enter P,T,R :\n");
scanf("%d%d%f",&p,&t,&r);
s=simpleInterest(p,t,r);
c=compoundInterest(p,t,r);
printf("Simple interest = %9.2f\n",s);
printf("Compound interest = %9.2f\n",c);
getch();
}
float simpleInterest(int p,int t , float r)
{
return((p*t*r)/100.0);
}
float compoundInterest(int p ,int t, float r)
{
return(p*pow((1+r/100),t)-p);
}
Output:
8
2 Q: Write a program to find the max and min from the three numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("\n Please enter the value of A: ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("\n Please enter the value of B: ");
scanf("%d",&b);
printf("\n Please enter the value of C: ");
scanf("%d",&c);
if (a<b && a<c)
printf("\n %d is Minimum which is value of A",a);
else if(b<a && b<c)
printf("\n %d is Minimum which is value of B",b);
else
printf("\n %d is Minimum which is value of C",c);
if (a>b && a>c)
printf("\n\n %d is Maximum which is value of A",a);
else if(b>a && b>c)
printf("\n\n %d is Maximum which is value of B",b);
else
printf("\n\n %d is Minimum which is value of C",c);
getch();
}
Output:
9
3Q: usage of Operators:
// C Program to demonstrate the working of arithmetic operators
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a = 9,b = 4, c;
c = a+b;
printf("a+b = %d \n",c);
c = a-b;
printf("a-b = %d \n",c);
c = a*b;
printf("a*b = %d \n",c);
c=a/b;
printf("a/b = %d \n",c);
c=a%b;
printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c);
}
Output:
a+b = 13
a-b = 5
a*b = 36
a/b = 2
Remainder when a divided by b=1
10
// C Program to demonstrate the working of increment and decrement operators
#include <stdio.h>
Void main()
{
int a = 10, b = 100;
float c = 10.5, d = 100.5;
printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);
printf("--b = %d \n", --b);
printf("++c = %f \n", ++c);
printf("--d = %f \n", --d);
}
Output:
++a = 11
--b = 99
++c = 11.500000
++d = 99.500000
11
// C Program to demonstrate the working of assignment operators
#include <stdio.h>
Void main()
{
int a = 5, c;
c = a;
printf("c = %d \n", c);
c += a; // c = c+a
printf("c = %d \n", c);
c -= a; // c = c-a
printf("c = %d \n", c);
c *= a; // c = c*a
printf("c = %d \n", c);
c /= a; // c = c/a
printf("c = %d \n", c);
c %= a; // c = c%a
printf("c = %d \n", c);
}
Output:
c = 5
c = 10
c = 5
c = 25
c = 5
c = 0
12
// C Program to demonstrate the working of Relational operators
#include <stdio.h>
Void main()
{
int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10;
printf("%d == %d = %d \n", a, b, a == b); // true
printf("%d == %d = %d \n", a, c, a == c); // false
printf("%d > %d = %d \n", a, b, a > b); //false
printf("%d > %d = %d \n", a, c, a > c); //false
printf("%d < %d = %d \n", a, b, a < b); //false
printf("%d < %d = %d \n", a, c, a < c); //true
printf("%d != %d = %d \n", a, b, a != b); //false
printf("%d != %d = %d \n", a, c, a != c); //true
printf("%d >= %d = %d \n", a, b, a >= b); //true
printf("%d >= %d = %d \n", a, c, a >= c); //false
printf("%d <= %d = %d \n", a, b, a <= b); //true
printf("%d <= %d = %d \n", a, c, a <= c); //true
}
Output:
5 == 5 = 1
5 == 10 = 0
5 > 5 = 0
5 > 10 = 0
5 < 5 = 0
5 < 10 = 1
5 != 5 = 0
5 != 10 = 1
5 >= 5 = 1
5 >= 10 = 0
5 <= 5 = 1
5 <= 10 = 1
13
4 Q: Write program that declares Class awarded
for a given percentage of marks, where mark
<40%= Failed, 40% to <60% = Second class,
60% to <70%=First class, >= 70% = Distinction.
Read percentage from standard input.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
float avg;
clrscr();
printf("Enter average percentage of marks:\n");
scanf("%f",&avg);
if(avg<40)
{
printf("you just failed!\n");
}
else if(avg<60)
{
printf("Second class!\n");
}
else if(avg<70)
{
printf("First class!\n");
}
else
{
printf("Distinction!\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run1:
Run2:
Run3:
Run4:
14
5 Q: Write a program that prints a multiplication table for a given number.
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i=1;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
mtable:
{
printf("%d * %d = %d \n", n, i,
n*i);
i++;
if(i<=10)
{
goto mtable;
}
}
getch();
}
Output:
15
6Q: Write a C program to read 3 numbers and print only the middle number
among them.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
clrscr();
printf("Enter 3 numbers:\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
if((a==b)&&(b==c))
{
printf("all inserted numbers are equal!\n");
}
else
if(((a==b)&&(b!=c))||((b==c)&&(b!=a))||((a==c)
&&(c!=b)))
{
printf("may be ab or ac or bc are equal!\n");
}
else if(((a>b)&&(a<c))||((a<b)&&(a>c)))
{
printf("%d is a middle one!\n",a);
}
else if(((b>c)&&(b<a))||((b<c)&&(b>a)))
{
printf("%d is middle one!\n",b);
}
else
{
printf("%d is middle one!\n",c);
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run 1:
Run2:
16
7 Q: Write a C program to check whether given letter is alphabet or not if so check
it is vowel or not.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a character:\n");
scanf("%c",&ch);
if( (ch>='a' && ch<='z') || (ch>='A' && ch<='Z'))
{
switch(ch)
{
case 'a':
case 'e':
case 'i':
case 'o':
case 'u':
case 'A':
case 'E':
case 'I':
case 'O':
case 'U':
printf("%c is a vowel!\n",ch);
break;
default:
printf("%c is a consonant!\n",ch);
}
}
else
{
printf(" inserted leter may be not alphabet!\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run1:
Run2:
Run3:
Run 4:
17
8Q:Write a c program to illustrate menu based format using switch case statement.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int add (int, int);
int sub (int, int);
int mul (int, int);
int divi (int, int);
int main()
{
int i,x,y,c;
printf("Enter two numbers : ");
scanf ("%d %d",&x,&y);
printf("1. addition\n");
printf("2. subtraction\n");
printf("3. multiplication\n");
printf("4. division\n");
printf("5. exit\n\n");
printf("Which action you want to perform : ");
scanf ("%d",&i);
switch(i)
{
case 1:
c=add(x , y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
break;
case 2:
c=sub(x , y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
break;
case 3:
c=mul(x , y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
break;
case 4:
c=divi(x,y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
18
break;
case 5 :
exit(0);
break;
default :
printf("Enter valid number\n");
}
}
int add(int x, int y)
{
int c;
c = (x+y);
return c ;
}
int sub(int x, int y)
{
int c;
c = (x-y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
}
int mul(int x, int y)
{
int c;
c = (x*y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
}
int divi(int x, int y)
{
int c;
c = (x/y);
printf("Answer = %d\n",c);
}
Output:
19
The standard form of a quadratic equation is:
ax2 + bx + c = 0, where
a, b and c are real numbers and
a ≠ 0
The term b2-4ac is known as the discriminant of a quadratic equation. The
discriminant tells the nature of the roots.
If discriminant is greater than 0, the roots are real and different.
If discriminant is equal to 0, the roots are real and equal.
If discriminant is less than 0, the roots are complex and different.
9Q: Write a C program to find the roots of quadratic equation.
20
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
double a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2, realPart, imaginaryPart;
clrscr();
printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf",&a, &b, &c);
discriminant = b*b-4*a*c;
// condition for real and different roots
if (discriminant > 0)
{
// sqrt() function returns square root
root1 = (-b+sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
root2 = (-b-sqrt(discriminant))/(2*a);
printf("root1 = %.2lf and root2 = %.2lf",root1 , root2);
}
//condition for real and equal roots
else if (discriminant == 0)
{
root1 = root2 = -b/(2*a);
printf("root1 = root2 = %.2lf;", root1);
}
// if roots are not real
else
{
realPart = -b/(2*a);
imaginaryPart = sqrt(-discriminant)/(2*a);
printf("root1 = %.2lf+%.2lfi and root2 = %.2f-%.2fi", realPart, imaginaryPart,
realPart, imaginaryPart);
}
getch();
}
Output:
21
10 Q: Write a C program for checking whether a given number is prime or not.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n,fcount=0,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
{
fcount=fcount+1;
}
}
if(fcount==2)
{
printf("%d is a prime number!\n",n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not a prime number!\n",n);
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run 1:
Enter the number:
4
4 is not a prime number!
Run 2:
Enter the number:
17
17 is a prime number!
22
11 Q: Write a C program to find the factorial of a positive integer.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i;
long int factorial = 1;
clrscr();
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
// show error if the user enters a negative integer
if (n < 0)
{
printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");
}
else
{
for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
{
factorial =factorial*i;
}
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, factorial);
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run1:
Run 2:
23
12 Q: A program for checking whether given number is Armstrong or not.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int n,r,sum=0,temp;
clrscr();
printf("enter the number=");
scanf("%d",&n);
temp=n;
while(n>0)
{
r=n%10;
sum=sum+(r*r*r);
n=n/10;
}
if(temp==sum)
{
printf("Armstrong number ");
}
else
{
printf("not Armstrong number");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run1:
enter the number=153
Armstrong number
Run 2:
enter the number=5
not Armstrong number
24
13 Q:A program for checking whether the given number is palindrome or not.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int n,r,sum=0,temp;
clrscr();
printf("enter the number=");
scanf("%d",&n);
temp=n;
while(n>0)
{
r=n%10;
sum=(sum*10)+r;
n=n/10;
}
if(temp==sum)
printf("palindrome number ");
else
printf("not palindrome");
getch();
}
Output:
Run 1:
enter the number=151
palindrome number
run 2:
enter the number=5621
not palindrome number
25
14 Q:Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and ‘n’,
where ‘n’ is a value supplies by the user.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i, j, fcount=0;
clrscr();
printf("Prime no.series:\n");
printf("Enter the range:\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("The prime numbers between 1 to %d\n",n);
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
fcount = 0;
for(j = 1; j <=i; j++)
{
if(i % j == 0)
{
fcount++;
}
if(fcount == 2)
{
printf("%5d", i);
}
}
}
getch();
}
Output:
Prime no. series:
Enter the range:
10
The prime numbers between 1 to 10
2 3 5 7
26
15 Q: write a c program to find maximum and minimum element in array
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[50];
int i, max, min, size,sum=0;
float avg=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter size of the array: ");
scanf("%d", &size);
printf("Enter elements in the array: ");
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
sum=sum+arr[i];
}
max = arr[0]; OUTPUT:
min = arr[0];
for(i=1; i<size; i++)
{
if(arr[i] > max)
{
max = arr[i];
}
if(arr[i] < min)
{
min = arr[i];
}
}
avg=sum/size;
printf("Maximum element = %d\n", max);
printf("Minimum element = %d\n", min);
printf("Average of inserted array elements=%f\n",avg);
getch();
}
27
16 Q: Write a C program to perform the addition of two matrices.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,r1,c1,r2,c2, first[10][10], second[10][10], sum[10][10];
clrscr();
printf("Enter the order of matrices for 2 matrices:\n");
scanf("%d%d%d%d", &r1,&c1,&r2,&c2);
if((r1==r2)&&(c1==c2))
{
printf("Enter the %d X %d elements of first matrix:\n",r1,c1);
for (i = 0; i < r1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < c1; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &first[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the %d X %d elements of second matrix:\n",r2,c2);
for (i = 0; i < r2; i++)
{
for (j = 0 ; j < c2; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &second[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Sum of entered matrices:-\n");
for (i = 0; i < r1; i++)
{
for (j = 0 ; j < c1; j++)
{
sum[i][j] = first[i][j] + second[i][j];
printf("%d\t", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
28
else
{
printf("Summation of two matrices not possible!\n");
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
RUN 1:
RUN 2:
29
17Q: Write a C Program for Matrix Multiplication:
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], result[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k;
clrscr();
printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1);
printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2);
// Column of first matrix should be equal to column of second matrix and
while (c1 != r2)
{
printf("Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.\n\n");
printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1);
printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2);
}
// Storing elements of first matrix.
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 1:\n");
for(i=0; i<r1; ++i)
{
for(j=0; j<c1; ++j)
{
printf("Enter elements a%d%d: ",i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}
30
// Storing elements of second matrix.
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 2:\n");
for(i=0; i<r2; ++i)
{
for(j=0; j<c2; ++j)
{
printf("Enter elements b%d%d: ",i+1, j+1);
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);}
}
// logic for multiplication
for(i=0; i<r1; ++i)
{
for(j=0; j<c2; ++j)
{
result[i][j] = 0;
// Multiplying matrices a and b and
// storing result in result matrix
for(k=0; k<c1; ++k) OUTPUT:
{
result[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
// Displaying the result
printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n"); Output:
for(i=0; i<r1; ++i)
{
for(j=0; j<c2; ++j)
{
printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
if(j == c2-1)
printf("\n\n");
}
}
getch(); }
31
18 Q: A program for finding the factorial value to given number using recursion.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
long factorial(int n) ;
void main()
{
int number;
long int fact;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
fact = factorial(number);
printf("Factorial of %d is %ld\n", number, fact);
getch();
}
long factorial(int n)
{
if (n == 0)
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return(n * factorial(n-1));
}
}
Output:
Enter a number: 6
Factorial of 5 is: 720
32
19 Q: Write a program to generate Fibonacci series up to given range.
#include<stdio.h>
int Fibonacci(int n);
void main()
{
int n, i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the range for fibonacci series:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Fibonacci series\n");
for ( i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", Fibonacci(i));
}
getch();
}
int Fibonacci(int n)
{
if ( n == 0 )
{
return 0;
}
else if ( n == 1 )
{
return 1;
}
else
{
return ( Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2) );
}
}
Output:
33
20 Q: Write a C program to compute the value of X ^ N given X and N as
inputs
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
long int power(int x, int n);
void main()
{
long int x, n, xpown;
printf("Enter the values of X and N \n");
scanf("%ld %ld", &x, &n);
xpown = power(x, n);
printf("X to the power N = %ld\n", xpown);
}
/* Recursive function to computer the X to power N */
long int power(int x, int n)
{
if (n == 1)
{
return(x);
}
else if (n % 2 == 0)
/* if n is even */
{
return (pow(power(x, n/2), 2));
}
else
/* if n is odd */
{
return (x * power(x, n - 1));
}
}
Output:
34
21 Q: Write a C program to find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two given
integers using recursion technique.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Conio.h>
int gcd(int n1, int n2);
void main()
{
int x1, x2;
clrscr();
printf("Enter any two positive numbers to find GCD: ");
scanf("%d%d", &x1, &x2);
printf("GCD of %d and %d = %d", x1, x2, gcd(x1,x2));
getch();
}
/* Recursive approach of euclidean algorithm to find GCD of two numbers */
int gcd(int n1, int n2)
{
if(n2!= 0)
{
return (gcd(n2, n1%n2));
}
else
{
return (n1);
}
}
Output:
35
22 Q: A C program to display the following format:
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
#include<Stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,k,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the range:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("number format is:\n");
k=1;
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<i;j++)
{
printf("%5d",k);
k++;
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the range:
5
number format is:
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
36
23 Q: Write a program for reading elements using pointer into array and display
the values using array.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[50],*p,i,n;
clrscr();
p=a;
printf("Enter size of array:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d elements into array:\n",n);
/* storing the elements into array through pointer variable*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",p+i);
}
printf("Array elelments are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
37
24 Q: Write a program for display values reverse order from array using pointer.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX 30
void main()
{
int size, i, arr[MAX];
int *ptr;
clrscr();
ptr = &arr[0];
printf("\nEnter the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &size);
printf("\nEnter %d integers into array: ", size);
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
scanf("%d", ptr);
ptr++;
}
ptr = &arr[size - 1];
printf("\nElements of array in reverse order are :");
for (i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
printf("\nElement %d is %d ", i, *ptr);
ptr--;
}
getch();
}
Output:
38
25 Q: Write a program through pointer variable to sum of n elements from array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX 50
void main()
{
int size,sum=0,i,arr[MAX];
int *ptr;
clrscr();
ptr = &arr[0];
printf("\nEnter the size of array : ");
scanf("%d", &size);
printf("\nEnter %d integers into array: ", size);
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
scanf("%d", ptr);
ptr++;
}
ptr = &arr[0];
for (i=0; i<size; i++)
{
sum=sum+*(ptr);
ptr++;
}
printf("\nusing pointers,sum of array elements is %d",sum);
getch();
}
Output:
39
26 Q: Write a C program to create a file and store some data into it and display the
content of that file to standard output device.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp1;
char c;
clrscr();
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","w");
printf("Enter the data to a file:\n");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);
printf("file created sucessfully!\n");
printf("Data from a file:\n");
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","r");
while((c=getc(fp1))!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",c);
}
fclose(fp1);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the data to a file:
VISHNU PRASAD
^Z
file created sucessfully!
Data from a file:
VISHNU PRASAD
40
27 Q: A C program which copies one file to another, replacing all lowercase
characters with their upper case equalent.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
char c;
clrscr();
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","w");
printf("Enter the data to a file:\n");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);
printf("file created sucessfully!\n");
/* logic for converting lowercase letters into uppercase*/
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","r");
fp2=fopen("example2.txt","w");
while((c=getc(fp1))!=EOF)
{
if((c>='a')&&(c<='z'))
{
putc(c-32,fp2);
}
else
{
putc(c,fp2);
}
}
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
fp2=fopen("example2.txt","r");
printf("\nAfter convertion of all lowercase letters into upper case while \n") ;
printf("coping into another file:\n");
printf("Data from a file:\n");
41
while((c=getc(fp2))!=EOF)
{
printf("%c",c);
}
fclose(fp2);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the data to a file:
vISHNU PRAsad
^Z
file created sucessfully!
After convertion of all lowercase letters into upper case while
coping into another file:
Data from a file:
VISHNU PRASAD
42
28 Q: A C program to merge two files into a third file.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3;
char c,x;
clrscr();
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","w");
printf("Enter the data to file 1:\n");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);
printf("file 1 created sucessfully!\n");
fp2=fopen("example2.txt","w");
printf("Enter the data to file 2:\n");
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp2);
}
fclose(fp2);
printf("file 2 created successfully!\n");
fp2=fopen("example2.txt","r") ;
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","r");
fp3=fopen("example3.txt","w");
while((c=getc(fp1))!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp3);
}
fclose(fp1);
while((c=getc(fp2))!=EOF)
{
putc(c,fp3);
}
43
fclose(fp2);
fclose(fp3);
printf("merging of 2 files into 3rd file completed!\n");
getch();
}
Output:
Enter the data to file 1:
Vishnu Prasad
^Z
file 1 created sucessfully!
Enter the data to file 2:
Goranthala
^Z
file 2 created successfully!
merging of files completed!
44
29 Q: Write a C program to create a binary file and store 10 numbers into it and
display the content of that file to standard output device.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
FILE *fp1;
int i,n,num;
clrscr();
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","wb");
printf("Enter the range:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d numbers:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&num);
putw(num,fp1);
}
fclose(fp1);
printf("file 1 created sucessfully!\n");
fp1=fopen("example1.txt","rb");
printf("Data from the file :\n");
while((num=getw(fp1))!=EOF)
{
printf("%5d",num);
}
fclose(fp1);
getch();
}
Output:
45
30 Q: Write a program for implement linear or sequential search technique.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,flag=0,n,sk,a[50];
clrscr();
printf("enter the range:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter %d elements:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("enter a searchkey:\n");
scanf("%d",&sk);
/*sequential search*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(sk==a[i])
{
flag=1;
printf("%d element found at position
%d!\n",sk,i+1);
break;
}
}
if(flag==0)
{
printf("%d element not found in the
list !\n",sk);
}
getch();
}
Output:
RUN 1:
RUN 2:
46
31Q: Write a program to implement binary search technique.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,flag=0,n,sk,a[50],temp,mid,first,last;
clrscr();
printf("enter the range :\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter %d elements :\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
/*logic for sorting using bubble sort technique*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=n-1;j>i;j--)
{
if(a[j]<a[j-1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j-1];
a[j-1]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("After sorting:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
printf("\nEnter a search key:\n");
scanf("%d",&sk);
first=0;
last=n-1;
while(first<=last)
{
mid=(first+last)/2;
if(a[mid]>sk)
47
{
last=mid-1;
}
else if(a[mid]<sk)
{
first=mid+1;
}
else
{
printf("%d found at location %d\n",sk,mid+1);
flag=1;
break;
}
}
if (flag==0)
{
printf("%d element not found in the list!\n",sk);
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run1: Run 2:
48
32 Q: Write a C program that implements the Bubble sort method to sort a given
list of integers in ascending order.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n,a[50],temp,smallest;
clrscr();
printf("enter the range :\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter %d elements: \n",n) ;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Before sorting:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
/*logic for sorting using bubble sort technique*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=n-1;j>i;j--)
{
if(a[j]<a[j-1])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j-1];
a[j-1]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("\nAfter sorting using Bubble sort technique:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
getch();
}
49
OUTPUT:
50
33Q: Write a program for implement selection sort technique.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,n,a[50],temp,smallest;
clrscr();
printf("enter the range :\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter %d elements: \n",n) ;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("Before sorting:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
/*logic for selection sort*/
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
smallest=i;
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[smallest]>a[j])
{
smallest=j;
}
}
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[smallest];
a[smallest]=temp;
}
51
printf("\nAfter sorting using selection sort technique:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",a[i]);
}
getch();
}
Output:
52
34Q: Write a program implement insertion sort technique.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void insertionsort(int list[],int last);
void main()
{
int array[50],i,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the range:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d numbers:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&array[i]);
}
printf("Inserted array elements before sorting are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",array[i]);
}
insertionsort(array,n-1);
printf("\nafter insertion sorting array elements are:\n");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%5d",array[i]);
}
getch();
}
53
void insertionsort(int list[],int last)
{
int i;
for( i=1;i<=last;i++)
{
int located=0;
int j;
int temp=list[i];
for(j=i-1;j>=0&&!located;)
{
if(temp<list[j])
{
list[j+1]=list[j];
j--;
}
else
{
located=1;
}
}
list[j+1]=temp;
}
}
Output:
54
35 Q: C program to display names of students in ascending order using
arrays.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char string[10][15],temp[15];
int i=0,j=0,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter how many names do you want:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d names:\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%s",string[i]);
}
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n-1;j++)
{
if(strcmp(string[j-1],string[j])>0)
{
strcpy(temp,string[j]);
strcpy(string[j],string[j-1]);
strcpy(string[j-1],temp);
}
}
}
printf("Sorted names:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{ OUTPUT:
printf("%s\n",string[i]);
getch();
}
55
36 Q: Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not
(Spelled same in both directions with or without a meaning like madam, civic,
noon, abcba, etc.)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char str1[20], org[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter a string to check if it is a palindrome\n");
scanf("%s",&str1);
strcpy(org,str1); // Copying input string
strrev(str1); // Reversing the string
if (strcmp(org,str1) == 0) // Comparing input string with the reverse string
{
printf("The string is a palindrome.\n");
}
else
{
printf("The string isn't a palindrome.\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Run 1:
Run 2:
56
37 Q: Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char line[50], ctr;
int i, c, end = 0, characters = 0, words = 0,lines = 0;
clrscr();
printf("KEY IN THE TEXT.\n");
printf("GIVE ONE SPACE AFTER EACH WORD.\n");
printf("WHEN COMPLETED, PRESS 'RETURN'.\n\n");
while( end == 0)
{
/* Reading a line of text */
c = 0;
while((ctr=getchar()) != '\n')
line[c++] = ctr;
line[c] = '\0';
/* counting the words in a line */
if(line[0] == '\0')
break ;
else Output:
{
words++;
for(i=0; line[i] != '\0';i++)
if(line[i] == ' ' || line[i] == '\t')
words++;
}
/* counting lines and characters */
lines = lines +1;
characters = characters + strlen(line);
}
printf ("\n");
printf("Number of lines = %d\n", lines);
printf("Number of words = %d\n", words);
printf("Number of characters = %d\n", characters);
getch();
}
57
38 Q: Write a C program to illustrate the following:
4. Simple structure concept.
5. Enumeration concept.
6. Typedef concept.
1. Simple structure concept.
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
struct student
{ int rno;
char name[50];
}; //declaring e1 variable for structure
void main( )
{
struct student s;
clrscr();
printf("Enter student rno & name:\n");
scanf("%d%s",&s.rno,s.name);
printf( "employee details:\n");
printf( "Rno : %d Name : %s \n", s.rno,s.name);
getch();
}
Output:
58
2. Enumeration concept.
#include <stdio.h>
enum week { sunday, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday };
void main()
{
enum week today;
int i;
clrscr();
printf("printing enumerators value:\n");
for(i=sunday;i<=saturday;i++)
{
printf("5%d",i);
}
getch();
}
Output:
59
3. Typedef concept.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct employee
{
char name[50];
int salary;
};
void main( )
{
typedef struct employee emp;
emp e1;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter Employee record:\n");
printf("\nEmployee name:\t");
scanf("%s", e1.name);
printf("\nEnter Employee salary: \t");
scanf("%d", &e1.salary);
printf("\nEmployee name is %s", e1.name);
printf("\nSalary is %d", e1.salary);
getch();
}
Output:
60
39 Q: Write a C programs to construct a pyramid of numbers as follows:
A.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, rows;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=1; i<=rows; i++)
{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
printf("%d ",j);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
61
B.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, rows;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=1; i<=rows; i++)
{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
printf(" * ");
}
printf("\n");
}
for(i=rows-1; i>0;i--)
{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
printf(" * ");
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
62
C.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i, j, rows;
clrscr();
printf("Enter number of rows: ");
scanf("%d",&rows);
for(i=1; i<=rows; i++)
{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
{
printf("%d ",i);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
63
40 Q. Write a C program to illustrate Macro’s concept (#define, #undef)
Using #define:
#include <stdio.h>
#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
#define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
void main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
printf("Enter 2 numbers:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("Minimum number of %d and %d is: %d\n", x,y,MIN(x,y));
printf("Maximum number of %d and %d is: %d\n", x,y,MAX(x,y));
getch();
}
Output:
64
Using #undef:
#include <stdio.h>
#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
#define MAX(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
#undef MAX
void main()
{
int x,y;
clrscr();
printf("Enter 2 numbers:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
printf("Minimum number of %d and %d is: %d\n", x,y,MIN(x,y));
printf("Maximum number of %d and %d is: %d\n", x,y,MAX(x,y));
getch();
}
Output:
Error will occur. i.e.
65
Beyond the Syllabus
01
Write a C program that uses to perform the following:
a) Create a singly linked list of integers.
b) Display the contents of the above list.
02
Write a C Program to Implement a Stack using Linked List
66
1. Q. Write a C program that uses to perform the following:
a) Create a singly linked list of integers.
b) Display the contents of the above list.
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<malloc.h> struct node { int number; struct node *p; }*h,*f,*t; void main() { char c; clrscr(); f=NULL; do { h=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("enter a number:"); scanf("%d",&h->number); if(f!=NULL) { t->p=h; t=h; } else f=t=h; fflush(stdin); printf("\ncontinue(y/n):\n"); scanf("%c",&c); } while(c=='y'); t->p=NULL; t=f;
67
printf("\nthe linked list elements are:\n"); while(t!=NULL) { printf("%5d",t->number); t=t->p; } getch(); } Output:
68
/* C Program to Implement a Stack using Linked List */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int info;
struct node *ptr;
}*top,*top1,*temp;
int topelement();
void push(int data);
void pop();
void empty();
void display();
void destroy();
void create();
void main()
{
int no, ch, e;
printf("\n 1 - Push");
printf("\n 2 - Pop");
printf("\n 3 - Top");
printf("\n 4 - Empty");
printf("\n 5 - Exit");
printf("\n 6 - Dipslay");
create();
while (1)
{
printf("\n Enter choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter data : ");
scanf("%d", &no);
push(no);
69
break;
case 2:
pop();
break;
case 3:
if (top == NULL)
printf("No elements in stack");
else
{
e = topelement();
printf("\n Top element : %d", e);
}
break;
case 4:
empty();
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
case 6:
display();
break;
default :
printf(" Wrong choice, Please enter correct choice ");
break;
}
}
}
/* Create empty stack */
void create()
{
top = NULL;
}
/* Push data into stack */
void push(int data)
{
if (top == NULL)
70
{
top =(struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
top->ptr = NULL;
top->info = data;
}
else
{
temp =(struct node *)malloc(1*sizeof(struct node));
temp->ptr = top;
temp->info = data;
top = temp;
}
}
/* Display stack elements */
void display()
{
top1 = top;
if (top1 == NULL)
{
printf("Stack is empty");
return;
}
while (top1 != NULL)
{
printf("%d ", top1->info);
top1 = top1->ptr;
}
}
/* Pop Operation on stack */
void pop()
{
top1 = top;
if (top1 == NULL)
{
71
printf("\n Error : Trying to pop from empty stack");
return;
}
else
top1 = top1->ptr;
printf("\n Popped value : %d", top->info);
free(top);
top = top1;
}
/* Return top element */
int topelement()
{
return(top->info);
}
/* Check if stack is empty or not */
void empty()
{
if (top == NULL)
printf("\n Stack is empty");
}
72
Output:
