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Dentin_pulp complexDentin_pulp complex
Dentin and pulp are embryologically, histologically, and
functionally the same tissue and therefore are considered
as a complex
ToothTooth
DentinTooth Crown
Tooth Root
Pulp
Both dentin and pulp have a common origin from the dental papilla.
DentinDentinPulpPulp
DentinDentinPulpPulp
Odontoblast cell layer
Dentin
Pulp
Types of DentinTypes of Dentin
Dentin
Primary physiologic dentin
Secondary physiologic dentin
Tertiary dentin orreparative dentin orreactionary dentin or
irregular secondary dentin
Mantle dentin
Circumpulpal dentin
Peritubular dentin
Intertubular dentin
Types of DentinTypes of Dentin
Primary dentin: is the dentin formed in a tooth before the completion of the apical
foramen of the root. Primary dentin is noted for its regular pattern of tubules.
Secondary dentin: is the dentin that is formed after the completion of the apical
foramen and continues to form throughout the life of the tooth.
Peritubular (intratubular) dentin: dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal
tubule.
Intertubular dentin: dentin found between the tubules.
Mantle dentin: the first predentin that forms and matures within the tooth.
Circumpulpal dentin: the layer of dentin around the outer pulpal wall.
Odontoblasts and processOdontoblasts and process
Odontoblast cellsOdontoblast process
Dentin Pulp
Dentinal MatrixDentinal Matrix
Dentinal matrix
Hole for dentinal tubules
Dentinal tubules
Dentinal tubules
Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin
Dentinal tubules
Predentin
Dentinal tubules
Peritubular dentin Intertubular dentin
Dentinal tubules
Predentin
Odontoblast layer
Dentinal TubulesDentinal Tubules
Coronal dentin
Root dentin
Dentinaltubules
Intertubular dentin
Dentinal tubules
Intraubularor peritubular dentin
Interglobuler DentinInterglobuler Dentin
Inter-globulerdentin
DentinalTubules
DentinoEnamelJunction
Inter-globulerdentin
Dentin
Cementum
Granular layer of Tomes
Hyaline layer
Primaryphysiologicaldentin
Secondaryphysiologicaldentin
Primaryphysiologicaldentin
Secondaryphysiologicaldentin
Tertiarydentin
Deantal cariesSclerotic dentin
Primaryphysiologicaldentin
Secondaryphysiologicaldentin
Tertiarydentin
Dead tracts
Incremental line of von Ebner
DentinEnamel
Lines ofRetzius
Lines ofOwen
Dentino-enamel Junction
Neonatal lines in DentinNeonatal lines in Dentin
Functions of the Dental PulpFunctions of the Dental Pulp
Nutrition: blood supply for pulp and dentin.
Sensory: changes in temp., vibration and
chemical that affect the dentin and pulp.
Formative: the pulp involve in the support,
maintenance and continued formation of dentin.
Defensive: triggering of inflammatory and
immune response.
Protective: Development and formation of
secondary and tertiary dentin which increase
the coverage of the pulp.
Anatomy of PulpAnatomy of Pulp
Pulp Chamber or coronal pulp, located in the crown of the tooth.
Root canal or radicular pulp, is the portion of the pulp located in the root area.
The apical foramen is the opening from the pulp at the apex of the tooth.
Accessory canals or lateral canal, extra canal located on the lateral portions of the root.
Pulp horns or cornua
Lateral or accessory canalLateral or accessory canal
Lateral CanalLateral Canal
Predentin
Odontoblasts
Cell-free zone
Cell-rich zone
Cell bodies
Odontoblasticprocess
Zones-from outer to inner zone
Description
Odontoblastic layer Lines the outer pulpal wall and consists of the cell bodies of odontoblast. Secondary dentin may form in this area from the apposition of odontoblast.
Cell-free zone Fewer cells than odontoblastic layer. Nerve and capillary plexus located here
Cell-rich zone Increased density of cells as compared to cell-free zone and also a more extensive vascular system
Pulpal-core Located in the center of the pulp chamber, which has many cells and an extensice vascular supply, similar to cell-rich zone
Microscopic Zones in PulpMicroscopic Zones in Pulp
Dentin
Predentin
Odontoblasts layer
Cell free zone
Cell rich zone
Pulp core
Contents of the Contents of the PulpPulp
Cells: Odontoblast, Fibroblast, white-blood cells,
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, Macrophages and
Lymphocytes. No fat cell.
Fibrous Matrix: Mostly reticular fibres and collagen
fibres (Type I and Type III).
Ground substance: Act as a medium to transport
nutrients to cells and metabolites of the cell to the blood
vessels.
Vascularity and Nerves of the Vascularity and Nerves of the PulpPulp
The pulp organ is extensively vascular with vessels arising
from the external carotids to the superior or inferior alveolar
arteries. It drain by the same vein.
Blood flow is more rapid in the pulp than in most area of the
body, and the blood pressure is quite high.
The walls of the pulpal vessels become very thin as their enter
the pulp.
Nerves : Several large nerves enter the apical canal of each
Molar and Premolar and single ones enter the anterior teeth.
This trunks transverse the radicular pulp, proceed to the
coronal area and branch peripherally.
Nerves and vessels in pulpNerves and vessels in pulp
Blood and vessels enter and exit the dental pulp by way of
the apical and accessory foramina. Pulp is richly
innervated; nerves enter the pulp through the apical
foramen, along with afferent blood vessels and together
form the neuro-vascular bundle.
Nerves in pulpNerves in pulp
Dental PulpDental Pulp
Nerve Blood vessel
Clinically Importance features of the Dental Clinically Importance features of the Dental PulpPulp
With age the pulp becomes less cellular. The number of
cells in the dental pulp decreases as cell death occurs
with age.
The volume of the pulp chamber with continued
deposition of dentine. In older teeth, the pulp chamber
decreases in size; in some cases the pulp chamber can be
obliterated. An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs
with age.
An increase in calcification in the pulp occurs with age.
Free True Free True DenticleDenticle
Free True Denticle
Free True DenticleFree True Denticle
Odontoblast
Predentin
DentinalTubules
Free True Free True DenticleDenticle
Free False DenticleFree False Denticle
Diffuse Pulp CalcificationDiffuse Pulp Calcification
Dentin Sensitivity: Dentin Sensitivity: three theoriesthree theories
Nerve in dentin – the dentin contains nerve endings that respond when it
is stimulated .
Odontoblastic process – the odontoblasts serve as receptors and are
coupled to nerves in the pulp.
Fluid movements in the dentinal tubules – the tubular nature of dentin
permits fluid movement to occur within the tubule when a stimulus is applied –
a movement registered by pulpal free nerve endings close to the dentin.
http://www.kck.usm.my/ppsg/Histology/