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DefiningBankabilityforEachStepofaPVProjectUsingIECRESarahKurtz
July12,2016IntersolarNorthAmerica,SanFrancisco
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NREL• Mission:Developclean
energyandenergyefficiencytechnologiesandprac4ces,advancerelatedscienceandengineering,andprovideknowledgeandinnova4onstointegrateenergysystemsatallscales
• PVreliability:Elucidatethesciencebehindpriori4zedreliabilityissuesandapplyresultstodefineandimplementusefulstandards
NaEonalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryGolden,CO
1 FY 2017 Annual Plan – TRANSMITTAL DRAFT – May 13, 2016
1. MISSION/OVERVIEW
From breakthroughs in fundamental science to new clean energy technologies to integrated energy systems that power our lives, NREL researchers are transforming the way the nation and the world use energy.
Founded in 1977 as the Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), NREL is the only federal laboratory solely dedicated to the research, development, commercialization, and deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. The Alliance for Sustainable Energy manages NREL under a performance-based contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
In the first chapter of NREL’s history, its research was instrumental in enabling the emergence of a national and global renewable energy industry, particularly evident in solar, wind, and biofuels. NREL’s solar research yield advances in thin-film PV materials and high-efficiency, multi-junction solar cells, helped launch several successful companies and made solar photovoltaics one of the fastest-growing energy sectors. NREL’s wind turbine design codes, innovations in components and blades, and its capabilities in validating performance of prototype blades and turbines have supported the wind industry in lowering the cost of electricity to 4-7 cents per kilowatt hour (kWh). NREL’s research in biofuels led to a greater understanding of photosynthetic systems of hydrogen, fuel, and chemical production; as well as genetic and pathway engineering of micro-organisms. Its knowledge and know-how supported the emergence of the first integrated biorefineries in the United States. As the market began to mature and the uptake of first generations of technologies began to scale up, NREL added systems integration research to its portfolio with an initial focus on the important topic of grid integration.
The relevance and impact of NREL’s research has been acknowledged with 58 R&D 100 awards since 1982. NREL continues to lead the national laboratory system in partnerships through which NREL innovations and knowledge are transferred to the market. Partnering to achieve market impact is an essential part of NREL’s DNA.
At this time, the key question is what is next for NREL? With the early commercial successes, some might suggest that the mission has been accomplished. However, we are only at the very early stages of a transition. The agreements reached at the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21 in Paris point the way to the significant transformation that is required to achieve the long-term vision of keeping the global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius and driving efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. This will require market uptake of clean energy technologies at an unprecedented pace and scale and new system operating strategies. It will require more than deployment of today’s technology to achieve scale at an acceptable cost and with the performance and resiliency required to sustain reliable operation. A much deeper understanding of the systems of systems that surrounds and interacts with engineered energy production and use systems is needed both to guide technology and system innovation and the areas of scientific discovery that will provide the foundation for transformative innovation as well as to create a viable roadmap that ensures the fidelity of actions toward the vision. With these factors in mind, Alliance has set a course for NREL that will reinvigorate its science culture and position NREL as the focal point for innovation in this next phase of clean energy research and development.
The laboratory’s mission is to develop clean energy and energy efficiency technologies and practices, advance related science and engineering, and provide knowledge and innovations to integrate energy systems at all scales.
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• MoEvaEonforcreaEonofIECRE:HaveconfidencethataPVplantwillsafelyperformaspromisedandreducecostatthesameEme
• Strategy(achieveconfidenceatminimalcost)• Stepstoconfidence(eachfinancialtransacEon)• StatusofimplementaEon(availablestarEngthisfall)• EncourageyoutobegintomakeuseofIECRE!!
OUTLINE
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• WhileIECwritestechnicalstandards,IECdoesnotdefinehowtheseareused
• IECREwasformedin2014todefinehowcerEficatescanbeissuedatthesystemlevelo IECREserves3sectors:Wind,PV,andmarineenergyo DefinesrequirementsforcerEfyingbodies,etc.o IdenEfiesthetechnicaldocuments(withinIECorotherstandardsorganizaEons)foreachcerEficate
o IniEally,asinglecerEficatewasenvisioned,butnowplanacerEficateateachstageofdevelopment
WHYWASIECRECREATED?
Technicalstandards CerEficatesforsystem
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Investorswantzeroriskpluslowerprices
Goals: Streamline the due diligence process Leverage what has been learned by others Increase confidence at reduced cost
The IECRE process ensures that technical due diligence hurdles are cleared.
IECRE Pillars
Consensusbasedstandardsworldwide
Registered&PeerreviewaccreditaEon
Consistent/transparentprocess
Technicalstandards SystemcerEficates
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CostRisk
Investorswantzerorisk,butatlowcost:Needbalance
Challenges:Wewanteverythingtobeperfect,butwealsoneedtominimizecost;
Eachcustomerasksforadifferentbalanceandhasslightlydifferentgoals
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• AccuracyrequirementsdefinedinIEC61724-1*o ClassA–highestaccuracy:(onsitePOAirradiancemeasurementsrequiredwithsensorcleanedperiodically)
o ClassB–mediumaccuracyo ClassC–lowestaccuracy:(OKtousesatellitedataforirradiance)
• IECREsystemtypeso U1:UElity–Focusdiscussiononthistodayo U2:ResidenEalo U3:Commercialo U4:Aggregate(collecEonofsmallsystems)
Differentsystemsneeddifferentrequirements
*Detailsunderdiscussion
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• BenefitfromstandardizaEono CreateandadoptinternaEonalstandards(onlyoneset)o Learnfromeachother(definebeststandardsmorequickly)
• Oversightateverystageo Designandplanningo ConstrucEono OperaEon
• Emphasizeconsistentqualitycontrol:o RequireconEnuouslearningo Don’tassumethatasinglesuccessimpliesfuturesuccesses
• EfficientimplementaEono Don’tduplicateinspecEonso LeverageinternalqualitymanagementacEons
Principlesforbalancingriskandcost
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PVSystemTimelineandCerEficates(simplified–morelater)
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
• Needconfidencethateachstepduringaprojectiscompletedcorrectly
• Forsimplicity,todaywewilldiscussfoursteps:o DesignqualificaEon(readytoproceedwithconstrucEon)o SubstanEalcompleEon(readytooperate)o Annualperformance(finalcompleEon,orannualcheckup)o Assettransfer(definehealthofplantasbasisforacquisiEon)
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• Localcoderequirementsmet• Componentselec@on
o Qualifiedforapplica@ono Qualitycontrolduringmanufacturing
• Safety:o Restrictedaccessifappropriateo ConEnuouslymonitoredo OvercurrentprotecEon
• Gooddesigno Shadingconsideredo Trenching
PVSystemTimelineandCerEficates(simplified–morelater)
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
ExampleconsideraEons
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• Localcoderequirementsmet• Commissioningcompleted• Componentqualityverified• Qualitymanagementduringinstalla@on
o Workerstrainedwithoversighto Anydesignchangesreviewedo Con@nuousimprovement
• Performancechecko Doespoweroutputmatchthedesign?
PVSystemTimelineandCerEficates(simplified–morelater)
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
ExampleconsideraEons
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• Basedonmeasuredweatherandoriginalmodel,doesplantperformasexpected?o Energyavailability(e.g.ifinvertersbreak,theplantcouldbe“offline”andunavailable)
o Performanceindex(measuredperformancedividedbyexpectedperformancebasedonmeasuredweather)
• O&Mcostso RelaEvetoplannedcost,howmuchdiditcosttokeeptheplantrunning?
PVSystemTimelineandCerEficates(simplified–morelater)
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
ExampleconsideraEons
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• Hasplantoutputbeenconsistentwithoriginalmodel?
• HaveO&Mcostsbeenconsistentwithoriginalmodel?
• Isthereevidenceofproblemstocome?(Crackedcells,weedsgrowingthroughthemodules,hotspots)
PVSystemTimelineandCerEficates(simplified–morelater)
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
ExampleconsideraEons
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• ModelassumpEons• Annualperformance
o Energyavailabilityo Performanceindexo AnnualO&Mcosts
• Manyotherdetails(currentlistincludesover200items,includinginformaEonfromeachcerEficate,datesofcompleEon,localinformaEon,andfinancialdetails)
DatadocumentaEonfromstepsinEmeline
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
DatadocumentaEon–proposetoalignwithXBRL
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• EffecEveimplementaEonrequires:o DefiningWHATwillbeimplemented(technicaldetails)
o DefiningHOWitwillbeimplemented(whohasauthoritytosay‘yes,thismeetstherequirement’?)
• ConsistentimplementaEoninallcountriesisrequiredforanIECREcerEficatetohavemeaning
• Onceimplemented,staEsEcswillhelptodefinetheoutcomesassociatedwithusingthisapproach
ImplementaEonofIECRE
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• ProgressofimplementaEoncanbetrackedathpp://www.iecre.org/documents/refdocs/(OD-401,OD-402,etc.arePV-specificdocuments)
• First,definewhohasauthoritytodoPVplantinspec4ons:o OD-406:ProvidesapplicaEonformtobecomeanIECRECerEficaEonBodyoranIECREInspecEonBody
o ApplicantsmustagreetofollowIECREdocumentso Applicantsmustagreetopeer-reviewprocess
• RequirementsforinspectorsofPVmodulefactoriesaredescribedinOD-405
StatusofIECREImplementaEon–whocanparEcipate?
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• Technicalrequirementsarebeingdefined:• Moduleselec@on
o IEC61215–Qual.Test:newedi@onjustpublishedo IEC61730–SafetyTest:newedi@onwillbe
publishedthisfallo Addi@onalchangesareintheworkso IEC62941–Qualitycontrolduringmanufacturing:
published• PVplantdesignguidelines:
o IEC62548–Smallsystemsguidelines–publishedbyendof2016
o IEC62738–UElity-scalesystemsguidelines–publishedin2017
• IECREdocuments–underdevelopment
StatusofDesignQualificaEonCerEficateImplementaEon
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
Status
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• IEC62446-1–Commissioning–newediEonpublished
• IEC63049–Qualitymanagementforinstalla@onprocess–indevelopment,willbepublishedin2017
• IEC61724-2–Capacitytest–plannedtobepublishedbyendof2016
• IECREOD-401–Published–willbeupdatedsoon
StatusofSubstanEalCompleEonCerEficateImplementaEon
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
Status
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• IEC61724-3–Energytest–inpress• IECREOD-402–Published;revisionwillbepublishedsoon
StatusofAnnualPerformanceImplementaEon
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
Status
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• Developmentatconceptstage• Someofthepiecesarecompleted,butthepieceshavenotallbeendefined
StatusofAssetTransferImplementaEon
Design
QualificaEon
SubstanEalCompleEon
Annual
Performance
AssetTransfer
ProjectTimeline
Status
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• OrangeBupon–SolarbankabilitydatatoadvancetransacEonsandaccess(SB-DATA)FundedbyDOEo SmartGridInteroperabilityPanel(SGIP)
hpp://www.sgip.org/orange-bupon/
o SunSpecAlliancehpp://sunspec.org/sunspec-osdx/o kWhAnalyEcs
hpp://www.kwhanalyEcs.com/kwh-selected-for-department-of-energys-orange-bupon-iniEaEve/
o NRELhpp://www.orangebupondata.org/• Datasetforsolarassetperformancemetric
hpp://www.xbrl-cet.com/internaEonal-electrotechnical-commission.html• WillbemeeEnginpersoninSanFranciscoJuly13-14,
2016
Plansforstandardizeddatabase
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• IECREinternaEonalstandardsarebeingdevelopedtoo IncreaseconfidenceinPVplantperformanceandsafetyo Reducecosts
• FirstcerEficatesmaybeissuedbyendof2016–it’s&metostartincludingtheserequirementsinnewprocurements
• Developmentwillbeongoing,butthefoundaEonalpiecesshouldallbeavailablein2017
• Totrackprogress,monitordocuments(nocost)at:hpp://www.iecre.org/documents/refdocs/
• YoursuggesEonsandsupportinwriEng/reviewingdocumentswouldbewelcome!
Summary–IECREvalueandstatus