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Demonstrating the Efficacy of Animal-Assisted Therapy
Presented by: Katherine Brown, Lindsey Swanson & Dr. Chrisann Schiro-Geist
Key Terms
Human/Animal Bond
Animal-Assisted Activities
Animal-Assisted Therapy
Theoretical Background
Biochemical Theories
Learning Theories
Social Cognitive Theories
Social Theories
*Attachment Theory*
Early and Anecdotal Accounts- Quakers and the York Retreat
- Rehab for WWI veterans
- Dr. Boris Levinson
Empirical Studies - Friedmann, Katcher, Lynn, & Thomas (1980)
- Studies with a Focus on Developmental Disabilities
Previous Efforts
Current Study Purpose:
To examine the impact of animal assisted therapy on overall functioning in adults with intellectual disabilities
Hypothesis:
Participants engaging in specific therapeutic interventions with a live therapy animal will improve on the behavioral domains above and beyond that of participants receiving extra therapeutic time with a human caretaker.
Methods - Participants
20 adults13 female, 7 maleage range: 17-50 years, Mage =
26.95, SD = 9.87
All participants diagnosed with an intellectual disability to some degree
Methods - Measures
Measurement of Pet Intervention (MOPI; Schiro-Geist, 2001)Eight questions assessing 4 behavioral
dimensions:Attention spanPhysical movementCommunicationCompliance
Two components: general level/quality & time/frequency
Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.94 - 0.95
Methods - Procedures
Staff members completed 2 MOPIs for all participants, one prior to intervention and one post-intervention
Three groups were developed: 2 intervention groups and 1 control group
- Modification: 2 groups after 6 weeks
The intervention was conducted for 20 minute sessions, twice weekly for eight weeks
Intervention8-week manualized AAT program
Week 1: Therapeutic goals- Rapport-building;
Play Day 1 Activities- Petting; Ring Around
the Rosy Day 2 Activities- Petting; Object Toss
Week 2: Therapeutic goals- Pet Care; Grooming Day 1 Activities- Brush + Treat Day 2 Activities- Walk Preparation
InterventionWeek 3:
Therapeutic Goals- Language; Commands
Day 1 Activities- Basic Dog Commands
Day 2 Activities- Play Tambourine
Week 4: Therapeutic Goals- Safety; Etiquette Day 1 Activities- Walk Outdoors Day 2 Activities- Encounter Others
Data Analysis & ResultsCorrelations were inconclusive
MANOVA – both groups improved over time with no significant differences between groups
Results show no adverse effects on participants
Anecdotal reports
Limitations & Implications Limitations
Inconsistency of attendance
Difficulty in providing a manualized program within a dynamic summer program
Difficulty in keeping treatment and control groups separated
Implications
The use of AAT for adults with intellectual disabilities may be an alternative and effective form of treatment
ReferencesChandler, C. K. (2012). Animal assisted therapy in
counseling (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Fine, A. H. (2010). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and
guidelines for practice (3rd ed.). Boston: Academic Press.
Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Lynch, J. J., & Thomas, S. A. (1980). Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Reports, 95,
307-312.
ReferencesHooker, S. D., Freeman, L. H., & Stewart, P. (2002).
Pet therapy research: A historical review. Holistic Nursing Practice, 17, 17-23.
Martin, F., & Farnum, J. (2002). Animal-assisted therapy for children with pervasive
developmental disorders. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24, 657-670.
Heimlich, K. (2001). Animal-assisted therapy and the severely-disabled child: A quantitative study.
Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 48-54.
ReferencesLind, N. 2009. Animal assisted therapy activities to
motivate and inspire. Lombard, IL: PYOW Publishing, Ink.
Nimer, J., & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoos, 20, 225-238. Retrieved September 16, 2008,
from the Academic OneFile database.
Questions?