Demonstrating Ethanol’s ValueOctane Value & Performance

Blending Issues TodayPathway Forward

Steve Vander GriendICM Inc.

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Ultimate Goal

1. Identify testing that shows accurate emission

profiles and performance

2. Address the concerns of both Automotive and

Health studies

3. Help the consumer understand the benefits of

ethanol

4. Make a better fuel for America

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ICM Data & Background Research

• 2013-01-1635: An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, and Emissions

• 2013-01-1124: Fuel Composition Effects On Particulate Emissions in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines

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Introduction to Ethanol Ethanol as a Fuel Octane is predictable Vapor Pressure is predictable Cooling Effect is 4X gasoline Distillation changes to gasoline is predictable Good Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio and Mole fraction Bio-Degradable with very low toxicity Positive Carbon Balance Value

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Octane, Does It Matter?

Octane Performance over measured Octane

Measured Octane (Blending Value)

E0 to E30 = +14 OctaneE30 to E98 = +7 Octane

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How to Improve Efficiency

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SAE 2012-01-1277 Effects of Heat of Vaporization, Chemical Octane, and Sensitivity on Knock Levels for Ethanol-Gasoline Blends

Increased Efficiency is achieved by increasing the working pressure of each combustion event:

Octane allows the increase of overall efficiency increase.

Sensitivity allow a wider range of overall efficiency when optimized (horizontal)

Dealing with Market Based Fuels & ASTM

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Controlling Reid Vapor Pressure in and out of Reformulated Gasoline Areas

Lowering RVP-Lowers Evaporative Emissions

-Increases Cold Start Emissions

-Increases PM/PN Emissions• Reduces Fuel Mixing• Higher Distillate Aromatics Found

in Gasoline

Today• Reduced Emissions• Best Efficiency

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Ethanol’s Clean High Octane Advantage

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Looking for a Pathway that Raises The Value For Ethanol

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Questions- ?

Steve Vander GriendICM Inc.,svandergriend@icminc.com316-213-6132

Additional Slides

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ICM’s Testing In Detroit/ EPA Approved Facility

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Gasoline

Optical Picture During Cold Start

E85

Average of 3 Vehicles

2011 Buick Regal, FTP Drive Cycle

Particulate NumberAccumulation

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