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7/30/2019 Democracy as Self-Correction
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2012-2013 paper series
No. 1
Democracy as self-correction
Ivan Krastev
Bosch Public Policy Fellow
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Democracy as Self-CorrectionTransatlantic Academy Paper Series
December 2012
Iv Kv
Iv Kv h h h C L Sg, S, Bug, w h IWM
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Iu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Th E H h Bh h Dg W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
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Democracy as Self-Correction 1
Executive Summary
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Democracy as Self-Correction 3
Our societies are
more democratic
and open than
ever before
but our public
institutions are
trusted less
than ever.
Introduction
1
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American Economic Review 45, 955, -8
3 D. P N, Critical Citizens: Global Support for
Democratic Government, Ox Uv P, 999
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Transatlantic Academy4
The central
political paradox
is that the key
factors that
contributed to the
democratization
of society have
also led to the
erosion of trust
in democratic
institutions.
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G, h w Mh S.
A v vu w z wh
uu vg uh h vg
uh. Th gv u :
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Democracy as Self-Correction 5
g , gwg u wh h u, u
h u
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u h u, u
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S, wh h uh h w
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U S?
The clash betwe
reckless populism
from below
and shameless
manipulism
from above is
the new game
of democracy.
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Democracy as Self-Correction 7
The discourse
of democratic
triumphalism
has eroded
the intellectual
foundations
of modern
democratic
regimes.
The End of History and the Birth
of the Digital World2
I w h , ugg Bh hk R C,
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4 R C, Th Mg 989, The Prospect,
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Rug h v w w u,
7/30/2019 Democracy as Self-Correction
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Transatlantic Academy8
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of Choice, B Shwz5 h
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Democracy is the
political regime
that best fits our
current age of
dissatisfaction.
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Democracy as Self-Correction 9
k uh u h vg ( h w)
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w h x , u w
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w-ug w j
h v . S, v w j wh u
w-ug vg v
v u, u h.
For the majority
people improving
democracy mean
achieving more
direct democracy
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Democracy as Self-Correction 11
Democracy
can lose its
capacity for self-
correction while
the democratic
faade remains
untouched.
The Crisis of Democracy?!...
3
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hu u h
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6 P G, Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider(Nw Yk:
H Rw, 968), x.
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whh hv h h h v
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Transatlantic Academy12
h , h x v u u
h x . Th
qu h w w x : h k
gu h w
-g ? D h
u u h
g -g?
Hv w h wh u
u v h u ug
u qu?
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g u)
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W I h P
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Eu g -
uh g wh k h
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h
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, wh h h hu k wh.
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vhg, h wh
wu . I h wh h -
kk. I h Eu,
h k h v w g. Th
u u kg u gh xg h g, u h
gh h v.
Democracy has
been turned
into a game of
chicken where
preventing the
other side from
governing is more
important than
governing yourself.
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Democracy as Self-Correction 13
Now our freedom
are protected
by the logic of
the market and
the established
constitutional
order and not
by our collective
power as voters.
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Bu w h uh
w. I w uh
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Eu h MM, I x . P
h R h v
uu w. Bu
w g, u h v g h
wu gu - I. Th u
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h w h u h
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hg. I - Eu, w wg
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wh w h . I h h
Eu u h uu u
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u w h h
v u -kg.
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h v? H v
hg h?
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vu. P v gh g
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h g h k
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k . Mk
vg h, Ck W W
. Th u kg .7 Bu
h u h u h
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7 W W, The Twilight of Sovereignty, S 99.
Democracy and the Power
of the Voter4
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Transatlantic Academy14
Voters do not
believe that
their voice
really matters
in governing the
country even
when they agree
that elections are
free and fair.
w wg h hkg u u h . A g
u u, k wh hu
ug h h uz u,
hv .
I h k Th Gz Px, Hv
D Rk8 gu h w hv
h g h w
h h g k.
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v h k. W
gz h h ug g h. O w gz
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w hv h-gz, ,
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hv h gh v, h
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8 P D Rk, Th Gz Px:
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, u h w u h wh , h w hv
h g h w h . S,
hg w vg ,
gz , gz-
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whu h, vg whu g
gz whu g.
I h, h v h h u-
h w h k h h u . Th
u h
vu k u
uh (h -
uh h uh uu
wh u k h g
) u h u h w.
V v h h v
gvg h u v wh h g
h . P w
w v. O, u ,
h v whk . Th v h z h
.
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Democracy as Self-Correction 15
It is in the voters
loss of power
where the secret
of the growing
mistrust toward
democratic
institutions
derives.
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gh v, u h
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u wk wh h
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wk h hg w wh
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h g gz, g h
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u h wv g.
Ru wu u:
h x , h x h
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h h, vg h
ugh k u.
U.S. h Sh H k
wh h h h h C W k h wh
u , W k
h w . I h
, h z v
w wu u h w h
z-, z-wk, z-
u. Th h h
h h wk h
. Th z-v w u h
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u h wk w kg h u h.A h u h u w
vg h . T u wh z
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, w k
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h z-, h v
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gu wh z g h vg
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8 U.S. v g g wh h
h w w wh
g w.) I h h
vg h z-, z-u,
h z-wk h x v
w. A h v wwh h h gwg u w
u v. I h x
ug h Sh Ig gu h
uh k, The Victory Lab,
g - g g u
h v w. Th u qu
h vu h
u z ugg.
Where Has Voter Power Gone?
5
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Democracy as Self-Correction 17
The crisis of
democracy is jus
another name
for the decline
of citizens
driven political
reformism.
Democracy as Political Reformism
6
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gh u u
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h h h -g
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h . Th ju h
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.
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h g hk AHh, g g ug
h g h, gu h h w
k h v
h u: x v.
Ex h vg u u h
g v wh . V
h g, g, g,
wh h hvg h
qu h h . E v
x v, wh
x, v .
Mv, v, v qugu hu uj h w-
kw u gz , g.
Ex v hu guh h w
h w h k. Th
v wh w . Bu
u, h
v . P u
v hv hgg h
g h . A
h v u , hu
g wh h wk k
hg gh. C gu h h
hg wk . Wh w
h z h
u w h
wh wh h k.
Th x. Th x vg h u
g vg , , vg wh k
. Bu h hg
h h h .
I h u h w v.
Th wh x whu u
wh h g uw h .
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