Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    1/22

    !"

    DEMOCRACIA, CULTURA Y DESARROLLO

    PABLO ABITBOL*

    RESUMEN

    !"#$ &'#()*+, -'$"$.#& *. &./+0"0" 1$+ ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'& ,'0$.#&1, 2&)0& +&01$.#030)&)04. 1$ +," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ "*78&)$. & +& '$+&)04. $.#'$ +& 1$5,)'&)0&9+& )*+#*'& 8 $+ 1$"&'',++,: ;'&" *.& 1$")'0-)04. "*)0.#& 1$+ #'&50$.#, 1$ $"#& '$<+&)04. $. +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04.9 "$ 0.#',1*)$ *. ),.)$-#, .$,

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    2/22

    !!

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    ABSTRACT

    Democracy, Culture, and Development

    ;20" -&-$' &.&+8=$" #2$ ),.)$-# ,3 )*+#*'$ 78 01$.#0380.? #2$ 5$)2&.0"5" #2*.1$'+0$ #2$ '$+,."20- 7$#\$$. 1$5,)'&)89 )*+#*'$ &.1 1$A$+,-5$.#: @3#$' &"*))0.)# 1$")'0-#0,. ,3 #2$ #'$$.# ,3 #20" '$+,."20- \0#20. 5,1$'.0=,.#2$,'89 0# 0.#',1*)$" & .$,, &-',C05&)0,.$" #$4'0)&" 6*$ ?0'&. $. #,'., & #'$" $>$"),.)$-#*&+$" 103$'$.#$"S 5,1$'.0=&)04.9 )*+#*'& -,+(#0)& 8 )&-0#&+ ",)0&+:

    U& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04. ]U0-"$#9 K^_^Z N'=$\,'"`0 $# &+:9 K^^WZ Q.?+$2&'# 8 a$+=$+9 XGGWb $C-+,'& +& '$+&)04. $.#'$ +& 1$5,)'&)0& 8 $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450<),9 -'$?*.#/.1,"$ -'0.)0-&+5$.#$ -,' +& 10'$))04. $. +& )*&+ 3+*8$ +& )&*"&+01&1$.#'$ $"#&" 1," A&'0&7+$" c d+& 1$5,)'&)0& -',1*)$ 1$"&'',++, $),.450),9 , A0<)$A$'"&e c 8 $+ -&-$+ 6*$ >*$?& +& )*+#*'& $. 10)2& '$+&)04.: U," $"#*10," 6*$ "$),.)$.#'&. $. +& )*+#*'& -,+(#0)& ]@+5,.1 8 f$'7&9 K^W_Z H0&5,.1 $1:9 K^^Yb

    7*")&. $"#&7+$)$' )*/+$" ",. 8 )45, "$ 0.#$''$+&)0,.&. +&" &)#0#*1$"9 +," A&+,'$" 8 +&" )'$$.)0&" 6*$ -',-0)0&. +& $5$'?$.)0& 8 3*.1&5$.#&. $+ 5&.#$.050$.#,1$ *. 'g?05$. 1$5,)'/#0),: U&" #$,'(&" ",7'$ $+ )&-0#&+ ",)0&+ ]O,+$5&.9 K^[[ZN*#.&59 K^^YZ H&"?*-#& 8 h$'&?$+10.9 $1":9 XGGGb $C&50.&. +&" -',-0$1&1$" $"<#'*)#*'&+$" 1$ +&" '$1$" ",)0&+$" 6*$ 3&)0+0#&. 8 -',5*$A$. +& ),.30&.=& 8 +& ),,-$<'&)04. $.#'$ +," 50$57'," 1$ *.& ),5*.01&1: !"#&" #'$" &-',C05&)0,.$" "*$+$.&-,8&'"$ 5$#,1,+4?0)&5$.#$ $. $+ &./+0"0" 1$ 1," $ 0.10)&1,'$" $),.450)," 8",)0,1$5,?'/30)," .&)0,.&+$" , "*7.&)0,.&+$"9 89 5/" '$)0$.#$5$.#$9 1$ $.)*$"

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    3/22

    !#

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    #&"9 $.#'$A0"#&" 8 ?'*-," 3,)&+$" ]h*1&'"`89 XGGIZ!"#$# 9 XGKXZ D,)`*" $# &+9 XGKXZO&"&" $# &+:9 XGKYb:

    !. $"#$ #'&7&>, "$ -'$"$.#& *. &./+0"0" 1$+ ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'& ,'0$.#&1, 2&)0&+& 01$.#030)&)04. 1$ +," 5$)&.0"5," ]i$1"#'j5 8 h\$17$'? $1":9 K^^[b 6*$ "*78&<)$. +& '$+&)04. c ),5-+$>&9 10./50)& 8 +,)&+ c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k7+0)&" 5/"

    $3$)#0A&" 8 $A&+*&7+$" $. $+ )&5-, 1$ +& 1$5,)'=&)04. 8 $+ 1$"&'',++,:!. +& "$))04. %% "$ 1$")'07$ 1$ 5&.$'& 5*8 "*)0.#& $+ #'&50$.#, 1$ +& '$+&<)04. $.#'$ )*+#*'&9 1$5,)'&)0& 8 1$"&'',++, $),.450), $. +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'<.0=&)04.9 -&'& 0+*"#'&' $+ #0-, 1$ #$."0,.$" #$4'0)&" 8 5$#,1,+4?0)&" 6*$ 0.10)&. +&.$)$"01&1 1$ *.& 5&8,' )+&'030)&)04. 1$+ ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'&: !. +& "$))04. %%% "$0.#',1*)$ *. ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'& $. #g'50.," 1$ -',)$"," 1$ &-'$.10=&>$ ",)0&+ &-&'#0' 1$ +," )*&+$" $5$'?$. 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" ),5-&'#01,"9 ,'0$.#&1," 2&)0& +&'$",+*)04. 1$ -',7+$5&" 1$ 0.#$'&))04. ),+$)#0A&9 "0?*0$.1, $+ 5&'), ),.)$-#*&+1$.,50.&1, 0."#0#*)0,.&+0"5, ),?.0#0A, -',-*$"#, -,' D&.#=&A0.,"9 l,'#2 8

    h2&'06 ]XGGFb: !. +& "$))04.%& "$ 0+*"#'& $+ -&-$+ 1$ +& )*+#*'& $. +& '$",+*)04. 1$-',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04.9 1$ ),,'10.&)04. 8 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+:U& "$))04. f '$),?$ $+ &./+0"0" -'$)$1$.#$ -&'& 3,'5*+&' +," $"7,=," 1$ *.&

    &-',C05&)04. 5$#,1,+4?0)& 1$.,50.&1& $#.,?'&3(& &.&+(#0)&9 8 1$ *.& -',-*$"<#& 1$ 0.#$'A$.)0,.$" $C-$'05$.#&+$" 1$ -,+(#0)& -k7+0)& 7&"&1& $. +& 01$& 1$+ 10"$<B, 1$ "0#*&)0,.$": !+ #'&7&>, ),.)+*8$ -+&.#$&.1,9 $. +& "$))04. &%9 +& -,"070+01&11$ *.& &5-+0&)04. 1$+ $"6*$5& #$4'0), -'$"$.#&1, $. g+ 2&)0& +& ),."#0#*)04. 1$*.& $),.,5(& -,+(#0)& )*+#*'&+ 1$+ 1$"&'',++, 2*5&.,9 "0?*0$.1, +& +(.$& #'&=&1&-,' h$. ]XGGFb:

    II. LA RELACIÓN ENTRE DEMOCRACIA, CULTURA YDESARROLLO

    U& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04. 7*")& $"#&7+$)$' +& '$+&)04. $.#'$ +& 1$5,)'&)0& 8 $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450),Z $. -&'#0)*+&'9 7*")& $"#&7+$)$' )*/+ $" +& 10'$))04. 1$+& '$+&)04. )&*"&+ $.#'$ $"&" 1," A&'0&7+$":

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    4/22

    !$

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    !. $+ #$C#, "$50.&+ 1$ $"#& +(.$& 1$ 0.A$"#0?&)04.9 h$85,*' D&'#0. U0-"$#]K^_^b -'$"$.#& *., 1$ +," -'05$'," &./+0"0" #$4'0)," $C-+()0#," ",7'$ 10)2& '$<

    +&)04.9 8 $C&50.& $5-('0)&5$.#$ +," '$6*0"0#,"9 , +&" ),.10)0,.$"9 ",)0&+$" 1$+"*'?050$.#, 8 $+ 5&.#$.050$.#, 1$ +& 1$5,)'&)0&: h05-+030)&.1, $+ &'?*5$.#,1$ U0-"$#9 $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), 1$ *.& .&)04. c 5$101, $. #g'50.," 1$+ )'$<)050$.#, 1$ "* #%' -$' )/-0#& c ),5-,'#& ),.10)0,.$" 0.#$''$+&)0,.&1&" 1$ 0.1*"<#'0&+0=&)04.9 *'7&.0=&)04.9 $1*)&)04. 8 3,'#&+$)050$.#, 1$ +&" )+&"$" 5$10&"9 6*$-',-0)0&. $+ "*'?050$.#,9 $+ &30&.=&50$.#, 8 +& $"#&70+01&1 1$ '$?(5$.$" 1$5,)'/<#0),"9 A(& +& +$?0#0501&1 -,+(#0)& 6*$ '$"*+#& 1$ +& $3$)#0A01&1 1$+ "0"#$5& -$')0701&-,' +& )0*1&1&.(&: U& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04. 0.0)0&9 &"(9 ),. +& 01$& 1$ 6*$ +&1$5,)'&)0& $" 3'*#, 1$+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), 8 ",)0&+9 8 ., A0)$A$'"&: !" 1$)0'9

    H$"&'',++, $),.450), 8 ",)0&+ ]$3$)#0A01&1b m +$?0#0501&1 -,+(#0)&→ 1$5,)'&)0& %&'

    !"#*10," -,"#$'0,'$" &+ 1$ U0-"$# ]P,"#,\9 K^WGZ @-#$'9 K^W_Z D,,'$9 K^WWZi*.#0.?#,.9 K^W[ 8 K^^KZ P*"#,\9 K^IGZ P*$")2$5$8$' $# &+:9 K^^Xb9 1$"&'',++&.* ,3'$)$. 0.#$'-'$#&)0,.$" &+#$'.A&" ",7'$ &6*$++," -'05$'," -,"#*+&1," 1$ +&#$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04.9 5$10&.#$ $+ *", 1$ &./+0"0" 20"#4'0)," 5/" 1$#&++&1,"9#g).0)&" $"#&1("#0)&" 5/" ",30"#0)&1&" 8 7&"$" 1$ 1," )&1& A$= 5/" ',7*"#&"9 .*<#'01&" 8 1$#&++&1&":

    !"#& +(.$& 1$ 0.A$"#0?&)04. 2& "01, '$30.&1& -,' $"#*10," "*7"$)*$.#$": N'=$\,'"<`0 $# &+: ]K^^Wb "$ -'$?*.#&. -,' +&" ),.10)0,.$" $),.450)&" $ 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" 1$+& 1*'&70+01&1 1$ +&" 1$5,)'&)0&": H0)2& -'$?*.#& "$ 3,'5*+& 1$ +& "0?*0$.#$5&.$'&S ndO*/+$" ",. +&" ),.10)0,.$" $. 6*$ 1$7$'(& $.),.#'&'"$ $"#$ &B, *.-&(" 6*$ "$'/ 1$5,)'/#0), $+ -'4C05, &B,eo: h* '$"-*$"#&9 5*+#03&)g#0)& ),5, +&1$ U0-"$#9 $" 6*$ 10)2&" ),.10)0,.$" ),5-'$.1$. +& $C0"#$.)0& -'$A0& 1$ *.& n1$<5,)'&)0&9 -',"-$'01&19 )'$)050$.#, ),. 5,1$'&1& 0.3+&)04.9 1$"0?*&+1&1 $. 1$"<)$.",9 *. )+05& 0.#$'.&)0,.&+ 3&A,'&7+$ $ 0."#0#*)0,.$" -&'+&5$.#&'0&"o ]-: [^b:

    R. 3&)#,' )'*)0&+ 1$ $"#$ &'?*5$.#, $" 6*$ +&" -',7&70+01&1$" 1$ 6*$ *. -&(""$& 1$5,)'/#0), 5&B&.& 1$-$.1$. $. 7*$.& 5$101& 1$ 6*$ "$& 1$5,)'/#0),2,8: R.& &30'5&)04. #&+ -,1'(& -&'$)$' #&*#,+4?0)&9 1$ ., "$' -,'6*$ $+ &'?*<5$.#, "05-+030)&1, 1$ U0-"$# c "$?k. $+ )*&+ $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), ),.1*)$ &+& 1$5,)'&)0& c 2& "01, *#0+0=&1, -&'& 0.3$'0'9 $''4.$&5$.#$9 6*$ *.& 10)#&1*'&$),.450)&5$.#$ $3$)#0A& -*$1$ ),."#0#*0'"$ ),5, *. 5$10, -&'& &A&.=&' 2&)0&+& 1$5,)'=&)04. 1$ )0$'#&" ",)0$1&1$": h0. $57&'?,9 #&+ ),.)+*"04.9 &*.&1&&+ &'?*5$.#, "$?k. $+ )*&+ +& $"#&70+01&1 1$5,)'/#0)& 1$-$.1$ -'0.)0-&+5$.#$

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    5/22

    !(

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    1$+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), 8 1$ )0$'#&" $+$))0,.$" 0."#0#*)0,.&+$"9 ),5, +& 1$ *."0"#$5& -,+(#0), -&'+&5$.#&'0, 8 ., -'$"01$.)0&+0"#&9 ., )+&'030)& )*/+$" ",. +&"

    5$)&.0"5," 6*$ ,-$'&. $. *.& #'&."0)04. 1$5,)'/#0)&9 .0 &8*1& & 10+*)01&' $+-',7+$5& 1$ +&" )&*"&"9 , ),.10)0,.$"9 6*$ 1&. ,'0?$.9 $. -'05$'& 0."#&.)0&9 &*.& "$.1& 1$ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), c -',7+$5& 6*$9 1$"1$ U0-"$#9 6*$1& &70$'#,:

    !" &.#$ $"#& 0.1$#$'50.&)04. 1$ +," 5$)&.0"5," )&*"&+$" 6*$ "*78&)$. +& #$,<'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04. 8 1$ +&" #'&."0)0,.$" 1$5,)'/#0)&" 6*$ Q.?+$2&'# 8 a$+=$+]XGG_b 0.#',1*)$. $+ -&-$+ 1$ +& )*+#*'& $. +& '$+&)04. $.#'$ 1$5,)'&)0& 8 1$"&<'',++, $),.450),9 5$10&.#$ *.& 0.A$"#0?&)04. $5-('0)& "0. -'$)$1$.#$" -&'& '$<30.&'+& 8 ),'',7,'&'+&9 7&>, +& 3,'5& 1$ *.& !.)*$"#& D*.10&+ 1$ f&+,'$" ]\\\:

    \,'+1A&+*$""*'A$8:,'?b: @ ?'&.1$" '&"?,"9 $+ &'?*5$.#, )$.#'&+ $" $+ "0?*0$.#$: !+

    1$"&'',++, $),.450), 1$ *.& ",)0$1&1 -',1*)$ *.&" 5$>,'$" ),.10)0,.$" 5&<#$'0&+$"9 6*$ & "* A$= ),.1*)$. & )&570," -',3*.1," $. +," "0"#$5&" 1$ A&+,'$"1$ "*" 2&70#&.#$": O*&.1, +&" -'$,)*-&)0,.$" 1$ +&" -$'",.&" "$ A&. &+$>&.1, 1$+& "*-$'A0A$.)0& ),#010&.& c & 5$101& 6*$ +& ",)0$1&1 A& 1$>&.1, '/" +& -,7'$<=& c "*" "0"#$5&" 1$ A&+,'$" #0$.1$. & &'#0)*+&'"$ 5$.," $. #,'., & $"6*$5&" #'&<10)0,.&+$"9 >$'/'6*0),"9 1$ "&)'030)0, 8 -',"-$'01&1 0.10A01*&+9 8 5/" $. #,'., &

    A&+,'$" '$+&)0,.&1," ),. +& "$)*+&'0=&)04.9 +& &*#,.,5(&9 +& &*#,''$&+0=&)04.9 $+$>$')0)0, 1$ +& )0*1&1&.(& 8 $+ 0.#$'g" -,' $+ 70$. ),5k.: @"(9 &'?*5$.#&. Q.?+$<2&'# 8 a$+=$+9 $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), -',1*)$ )&570," )*+#*'&+$" 6*$ -',-0)0&.$+ "*'?050$.#, 8 +& $"#&70+01&1 1$ +& 1$5,)'&)0&:

    i&"#& $"#$ -*.#,9 $. "*5&9 "$ ),.30?*'& *. $"6*$5& 1$ +& '$+&)04. $.#'$ 1$5,<)'&)0&9 )*+#*'& 8 1$"&'',++, $),.450),9 & -&'#0' 1$ +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04.96*$9 &*.6*$ &2,.1& $. +," 5$)&.0"5," )&*"&+$" 6*$ ),.$)#&. $+ 1$"&'',++, ),.+& 1$5,)'&)0&9 "0?*$ 1$>&.1, $+ ,'0?$. 1$+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), ),5, *.& 0.<)4?.0#&S

    H$"&'',++, $),.450), → )&570, )*+#*'&+→ 1$5,)'&)0& ↔ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), %)'

    !"#& 0.)4?.0#& $" &7,'1&1& -,' @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",. ]XGKXb9 6*0$.$" 01$.#030<)&.9 5$10&.#$ *.& "$'0$ 1$ $"#*10," $5-('0)," ]@)$5,?+* $# &+: XGGK&7Z XGG_&7b6*$ 0.),'-,'&. A&'0&7+$" 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" $. +," 5,1$+," 1$ +& #$,'(& .$,)+/"0)&1$+ 1$"&'',++,9 &"( ),5, 5$10&.#$ *.& "$+$))04. 1$ 0+*"#'&)0,.$" 20"#4'0)&" 1$+&'?, &+)&.)$9 +," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ $C-+0)&. $+ ,'0?$. 1$+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450),S+& 05-+&.#&)04.9 1*'&.#$ ),8*.#*'&" )'(#0)&"9 1$ 0."#0#*)0,.$" -,+(#0)&" 8 $),.4<50)&" 0.)+*"0A&": U," 0.)$.#0A," ?$.$'&1," -,' +& )'$&)04. 1$ 0."#0#*)0,.$" 0.)+*

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    6/22

    !*

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    "0A&" c &6*$++&" 6*$ &"$?*'&. *.& 5&8,' 0?*&+1&1 1$ &))$", &+ -,1$' -,+(#0), 8 &+," 5$')&1," c $"#05*+&. +& 0..,A&)04. 8 -',5*$A$. +& ),5-$#$.)0&9 6*$ ",. +,"

    5,#,'$" 1$+ )'$)050$.#, $),.450),:h0. $57&'?,9 &+ $C&50.&' +&" A&'0&7+$" )*+#*'&+$"9 @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",. $.<)*$.#'&. 6*$9 &+ n0?*&+ 6*$ "*)$1$ ),. +& 20-4#$"0" ?$,?'/30)&9 +& 20-4#$"0" 1$ +&)*+#*'& ., &8*1& & $C-+0)&' p+& 10A$'"01&1 1$ +&" #'&8$)#,'0&" 1$ 1$"&'',++, $),.4<50), 1$ +," -&("$"qr !A01$.#$5$.#$ $C0"#$. 103$'$.)0&" $. )*&.#, & )'$$.)0&"9&)#0#*1$" )*+#*'&+$" 8 A&+,'$"r -$',r $"#&" 103$'$.)0&" ",. +& ),."$)*$.)0& 1$ +&"0."#0#*)0,.$" $ 20"#,'0&" 0."#0#*)0,.&+$"o ]-: [Yb:

    H&1, 6*$ -&'& @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",. +&" 0."#0#*)0,.$" -,+(#0)&" 0.)+*"0A&" ",.&6*$++&" 6*$ -$'50#$. n6*$ +," )0*1&1&.," ),' '0$.#$" +,?'$. *. A$'1&1$', -,1$'

    -,+(#0), 8 )&570$.r +& $"#'*)#*'& 7/"0)& 1$ +& ",)0$1&1o ]-: K^b9 $"#," &*#,'$" -&'$)$<'(&. $"#&' 0.A0'#0$.1, +& $)*&)04. 1$"&'',++&1& -,' +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04.91$"1$ U0-"$# 2&"#& Q.?+$2&'# 8 a$+=$+9 1$ +& "0?*0$.#$ 5&.$'&S

    Instituciones (políticas/económicas) inclusivas [ → )&570, )*+#*'&+q→ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), %"'

    @+ 01$.#030)&' +," 0.)$.#0A," ?$.$'&1," -,' 0."#0#*)0,.$" 0.)+*"0A&" $"-$)(30)&"9 8 &+ 1$")'070' $. 1$#&++$ +&" ),8*.#*'&" )'(#0)&" $. )*8, ),.#$C#, $5$'?$. 10)2&"0."#0#*)0,.$"9 $"#& #$,'(& -$'50#$ 1&' 7*$.& )*$.#& 1$ +," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ 1&.,'0?$. & +&" "$.1&" 1$ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), $. +&" ",)0$1&1$": h0. $57&'?,9 $"#&50"5& 3,'5*+&)04. #$4'0)& ., &'',>& 5&8,' )+&'01&1 ",7'$ +& .*'&+$=& 1$ +,")&570," )*+#*'&+$" -',1*)01," -,' +," &A&.)$" $. +& 0.)+*"04. -,+(#0)& 8 $),.450)&?$.$'&1& -,' +&" 0..,A&)0,.$" 0."#0#*)0,.&+$": !++, -*$1$ 1$7$'"$ & +& 1$"&'#0)*<+&)04. 1$ +," ),.)$-#," 1$ )*+#*'& 8 1$ 0."#0#*)0,.$" $. +," 5,1$+," $C-+0)A,"1$ @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",.9 &"( ),5, & +&" +050#&)0,.$" 1$ +&" 7&"$" 1$ 1," *#0+0<=&1&" -&'& +& $"-$)030)&)04. 1$ +&" A&'0&7+$" )*+#*'&+$" $. +&" -'*$7&" $5-('0)&":

    !"-$)030)&' +& .*'&+$=& 1$ 10)2," )&570," )*+#*'&+$" $" )'*)0&+ -&'& 20+&' +,"&'?*5$.#," 1$ +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&)04. $. "*" A&'0&" A$'"0,.$"9 -*$"#, 6*$$++," ",. -0$=&" )$.#'&+$" 1$ +," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ $"#&'(&. -',-0)0&.1, *. 5$>,'1$"$5-$B, $),.450),: @1$5/"9 &7'0'(& 5/" -,"070+01&1$" -&'& $C-+,'&' .$C,"6*$ -$'50#&. *.& 0.#$?'&)04. 1$+ $"6*$5& #$4'0), 1$ @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",. ),.$+ 1$ Q.?+$2&'# 8 a$+=$+9 8 &"( 0.#$.#&' $C-+0)&)0,.$" 1$ +& 10./50)& $.#'$ )*+#*<'&9 1$5,)'&)0& 8 1$"&'',++, $),.450), 5/" 1$#&++&1&" 8 ),. *. 5&8,' '&.?, 1$&-+0)&)04. 20"#4'0)&:

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    7/22

    !+

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    !. +, 6*$ "0?*$9 "$ -'$"$.#& *. &./+0"0" 1$+ ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'& 6*$ -$'50#$'$",+A$' 10)2& 1$"&'#0)*+&)04.: O,. $++,9 "$ -'$"$.#&. +," '&"?," ?$.$'&+$" 1$ *.

    $"6*$5& ),.)$-#*&+ 8 5$#,1,+4?0), 6*$ -,1'(& ),.#'07*0' & $.'06*$)$' +," &./+0*?&1,'$"9 ",. 0.10A01*," * ,'?&.0=&)0,.$"]?'*-," 1$ 0.10A01*," &'#0)*+&1," $. #,'., & 30.$" ),5*.$"b: i&8 6*$ $.3=&'6*$ $"#& 1$30.0)04. 1$ 0."#0#*)0,.$" ., ",+, "$ '$30$'$ & +&" '$?+&" 1$ >*$?,9 "0.,

    &1$5/" & +," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ -$'50#$. "* )*5-+050$.#,9 6*$ -*$1$. "$' ),?

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    8/22

    #-

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    10./50)& $.#'$ ]Kb +," &''$?+," 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" ]),.>*.#," &'#0)*+&1," 1$ '$?+&"3,'5&+$" $ 0.3,'5&+$"b9 ]Xb +&" )'$$.)0&"9 +& $.)04.9 +& )'$A01&19 +& 0..,A&)04.9

    +&" ),&+0)0,.$" 8 +&" -,"0)0,.$" 1$ -,1$' ,)*-&1&" -,' 10A$'"," &)#,'$" ]0.10A0*$?,9 )*5-+$. *. -&-$+ 1$ '$1*))04. 1$ +& 0.)$'#01*57'$ $. +& 0.#$'&)<)04. ),+$)#0A&: @+ '$1*)0' +& 0.)$'#01*57'$9 10"50.*8$. +," ),"#," 1$ #'&."&))04.Z

    89 &+ 10"50.*0' +," ),"#," 1$ #'&."&))04.9 -$'50#$. 6*$ +&" ",)0$1&1$" )&-#$. 1$5&.$'& 5/" $30)0$.#$ +&" ?&.&.)0&" 1$+ 0.#$')&570, $. +," 5$')&1,"9 -',1*)0$.<1, "$.1&" 1$ )'$)050$.#, $),.450), 5/" ',7*"#&" 8 ","#$.01&":

    !. ,#'&" -&+&7'&"9 )&+,?&' ",+, & +&" 0."#0#*)0,.$" 3,'5&+$" ),5,./0 0."#0#*<)0,.$"9 8 #'&=&' *.& '$+&)04. )&*"&+ *.010'$))0,.&+ $.#'$10/00."#0#*)0,.$" ]3,'5&<+$"b 8 $+ 1$"&'',++, $),.450),9 "$ -'$"#& -&'& "05-+030)&' +& 0.#$'&))04. 10./50)&

    8 ),5-+$>& 6*$ "$ 1& $.#'$ *.& ?'&. 10A$'"01&1 1$ 3&)#,'$" $C-+0)A,"9 6*0=/"5/" &++/ 1$ +&" k#0+$" 1$+050#&)0,.$" -'&?5/#0)&" 1$ +," $"#*10," $5-('0)," 6*$&-,'#&. +*)$" ",7'$ &"-$)#," &0"+&1," 1$ 10)2& '$+&)04.: O,5, "$ A$9 $C-+0)&' ,-',-0)0&' *.& "$.1& 1$ 1$"&'',++, $),.450), ., $" *.& )*$"#04.9 ),5, #&.#&" A$)$"&-&'$)$ '$#'&1&9 1$ 01$.#030)&' , 0.1*)0' -$'(,1," 1$ $"#&70+01&1 0."#0#*)0,.&+ $05-$'0, 1$ +& +$8Z 05-+0)&9 5/" 70$.9 $+ '$#, 1$ 1$"$.#'&B&' , 1$"&' *.& 0.#$'&))04.),."#'*)#0A& $.#'$ +& +$?&+01&19 +& 5,'&+9 +& )*+#*'&9 $+ -,1$'9 $+ &=&' 8 +& 20"#,'0&:

    U& #&'$& 6*$ #0$.$. -,' 1$+&.#$ $. $"#$ )&5-, +&" )0$.)0&" ",)0&+$" $" &'1*&:O,.#'07*)0,.$" ),5, +& 1$ @)$5,?+* 8 P,70.",. '$-'$"$.#&. -&"," 3*.1&5$.<#&+$" -&'& $")+&'$)$' +," 3&)#,'$" 6*$ ),.1*)$. & +& -',"-$'01&1 c $. -&'#0)*+&'9&+ "$B&+&' )45, +& 0.)+*"04. -,+(#0)& 8 $),.450)& $" *. &"-$)#, $"$.)0&+ 1$ +,"&''$?+," 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" -',1*)#0A,": N$', $" -'$)0", &2,.1&' -',3*"&5$.#$ $.+," 5$)&.0"5," 6*$ -$'50#$. 6*$ +," &''$?+," 0."#0#*)0,.&+$"9 ),."#0#*01," -,''$?+&" 3,'5&+$" $ 0.3,'5&+$"9 &A&.)$. $. #&+ 10'$))04.: !. $"#$ "$.#01,9 +& ),.)$-<

    )04. .$,

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    9/22

    #&

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    N&'& D&.#=&A0.," ]XGGKb 8 D&.#=&A0.,"9 l,'#2 8 h2&'06 ]XGGFb9 $+ "$' 2*5&.,$C207$ *.& '06*$=& -"0),+4?0)& 8 1$ ),5-,'#&50$.#," 6*$ #'&")0$.1$ +," -&'/5$#',"

    1$ &))04. '&)0,.&+ 6*$ +$ 05-*#& +& $),.,5(& -,+(#0)& .$,)+/"0)&: !+ 0."#0#*)0,.&+0", -',)$", 1$ '$",+*)04. 1$-',7+$5&" &.)+&1, $. 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" ),5-&'#01," ]D&.#=&A0.,"9 XGGKb: U,"5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" -*$1$. "$' $.#$.101," ),5, n+& -'$10))04. 30.&+ 6*$ 2&)$ +&5$.#$ , +& $C-$)#A& 6*$ #0$.$ '$"-$)#, &+ &570$.#$ &.#$" 1$ '$)070' '$#',&+05$.<#&)04. -,' -&'#$ 1$ g"#$o ]D&.#=&A0.,"9 l,'#2 8 h2&'069 XGGF9 -: IW9 #'&1*))04.

    -',-0&b: @+ $.3'$.#&' *. -',7+$5& 1$ 0.#$'&))04. ",)0&+9 $+ "$' 2*5&., "$ 3,'5& *.5,1$+, 5$.#&+ 1$ +& "0#*&)04.: H0)2, 5,1$+, 5$.#&+ -*$1$ "$' "050+&' , -*$1$"$' 10"#0.#, & +," 6*$ $"#/. &+,>&1," $. "* 5$5,'0&: h0 $+ 5,1$+, 5$.#&+ $" "050+&'& *., 8& 3,'5&1, ),. &.#$'0,'01&19 $+ -',7+$5& $. )*$"#04. "$ 0.#$'-'$#& ),5,*., -&'& $+ )*&+ "$ 10"-,.$ 1$ ",+*)0,.$" -'$A0&5$.#$ &"0?.&1&" & $"& )$?,'(&9

    8 "$ $>$)*#& +& '*#0.& ),''$"-,.10$.#$: h0 +& '*#0.& 3&++&9 , "0 $+ -',7+$5& ., -*$1$0.#$'-'$#&'"$ 5$10&.#$ 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" 8& &+,>&1," $. +& 5$5,'0&9 $+ -',7+$5&

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    10/22

    #)

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    "$ '$0.#$'-'$#& ),5, *., 6*$ '$6*0$'$ +& 7k"6*$1& 1$ *.& ",+*)04. $C0"#$.#$ $.$+ &570$.#$ , *. -',)$", 1$+07$'&1, 1$ 1$)0"04. ]D&.#=&A0.,"9 XGGK9 -: FKb:

    O*&.1, 5k+#0-+$" 0.10A01*," $.3'$.#&. -',7+$5&" '$)*''$.#$" 1$ 0.#$'&))04.",)0&+ 8 +," -',)$"&. 5$10&.#$ $"#$ 5$)&.0"5, 1$ '$30.&50$.#,9 '$A0"04. 8 '$<.,A&)04. 1$ 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$"9 $. *.& 10./50)& ),+$)#0A& 1$ $."&8, 8 $'','9 "$-',1*)$ *. -',)$", 1$ &-'$.10=&>$ ",)0&+9 1$+ )*&+ $5$'?$. 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$"),5-&'#01," 6*$ ),."#0#*8$. +&" 0."#0#*)0,.$"9 +&" '$?+&" 1$ >*$?,9 6*$ ?*(&. $+),5-,'#&50$.#, ),+$)#0A, ]D&.#=&A0.,"9 l,'#2 8 h2&'069 XGGF9 --: IW$ 8 $+$))04. ",)0&+ ,'0$.#&1," & +& '$",+*)04. 1$ -',7+$<

    5&" '$)*''$.#$" 1$ 0.#$'&))04. ",)0&+9 6*$ #,5&. +& 3,'5& 1$ ]Kb )'$$.)0&" 8&)#0#*1$" ",)0&+$"9 ]Xb 0."#0#*)0,.$" 0.3,'5&+$" ]),.A$.)0,.$"9 A&+,'$" 5,'&+$"

    8 .,'5&" ",)0&+$"b9 8 ]Yb 0."#0#*)0,.$" 3,'5&+$" ]),."#0#*)0,.$"9 )410?," +$?&+$" 83,'5&" ),.#'&)#*&+$"b9 8 )*8," A$2()*+," "0574+0)," 1$ #'&."50"04. $ 0..,A&)04."$ )'0"#&+0=&. $. +$.?*&>$"9 #'&10)0,.$"9 '0#*&+$"9 3$"#0A01&1$"9 +$?&1," -'05,.0&<+$"9 5$5,'0&" ),+$)#0A&" 8 $C-'$"0,.$" &'#("#0)&":

    @ ),.#0.*&)04. "$ $C-+,'&. &+?*.&" 5&.$'&" & #'&Ag" 1$ +&" )*&+$" +& )*+#*'&9$.#$.101& $. $"#$ "$.#01,9 "*'?$ 1$ , &)#k& $. -',)$"," 1$ '$",+*)04. 1$ #'$"#0-," 1$ -',7+$5&" -&'&10?5/#0)," 1$ 0.#$'&))04. ",)0&+S -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&<)04.9 1$ ),,'10.&)04. 8 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+:

    IV. LA CULTURA EN UN MARCO DE RESOLUCIÓN DEPROBLEMAS DE INTERACCIÓN SOCIAL

    A. Problemas de cooperación

    U," -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04. ",. &6*$++," 6*$ "*'?$. )*&.1, 1," &)#,'$"",)0&+$" #0$.$. *. ),.3+0)#, 1$ 0.#$'g": t*$ $C0"#& *. ),.3+0)#, 1$ 0.#$'g" $.#'$1," -&'#$" 6*0$'$ 1$)0' 6*$ )&1& *.& #0$.$ 0.)$.#0A," 3*$'#$" -&'& $C-+,#&' +&),,-$'&)04. 1$+ ,#',Z $+ 5,1$+, -&'&10?5/#0), 1$ #&+ #0-, 1$ "0#*&)04. $" $+ 6*$"$ ),.,)$ $. +& +0#$'*'& 1$ +& #$,'(& 1$ >*$?," ),5, *. H0+$5& 1$ N'0"0,.$',"]N,*.1"#,.$9 K^^Xb:

    !. #&+ #0-, 1$ "0#*&)0,.$" 1$ 0.#$'&))04. $"#'g?0)&9 "0 +," 1," >*?&1,'$" 1$)0<1$. ),,-$'&'9 )&1& *., ,7#0$.$ *.& 7*$.& ?&.&.)0& & 7&>, ),"#,9 8 +& ",)0$1&1

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    11/22

    #"

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    c $+ ?'*-, ),5-*$"#, -,' +," 1," >*?&1,'$" c ,7#0$.$ $+ 5&8,' 7$.$30)0,: !+-',7+$5& "*'?$ -,'6*$9 1&1& +& $"#'*)#*'& 1$+ >*$?,9 )&1& *., 1$ +," >*?&1,'$"

    -*$1$ ,7#$.$' *.& ?&.&.)0& 5&8,' "0 1$>& 6*$ "$& ",+, $+ ,#', 6*0$. &"*5& +,"),"#," 1$ ),,-$'&': O*&.1, $"#, ,)*''$9 8 "0 #,1," +," &)#,'$" >*$?&. & ,7#$.$'"* 5&8,' 7$.$30)0, -$'",.&+9 +& ),,-$'&)04. ., "$ 1&Z -,' $+ ),.#'&'0,9 .&10$),,-$'&9 )&1& >*?&1,' #$'50.& ,7#$.0$.1, *.& 5*8 7&>& ?&.&.)0&9 8 $+ ?'*-,c +& ",)0$1&1 c ,7#0$.$ $+ -$,' '$"*+#&1, -,"07+$: !. $+ +$.?*&>$ 1$ +& #$,'(& 1$>*$?,"9 +," -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04. "*'?$. -,'6*$ $. #&+ #0-, 1$ "0#*&)0,.$" 1$0.#$'&))04. $"#'g?0)&9 ",+, $C0"#$ *. $6*0+07'0, 1$ l&"29 g"#$ $" "*7*?&1,'$" +, A$&. 1$ $"&5&.$'&Z $" 1$)0'9 "$ '$6*0$'$ *.& A0"04. 1$ 3*#*', ),5-&'#01& -,' +," &)#,'$" $.>*$?,: !. "$?*.1, +*?&'9 +& ),,-$'&)04. $5$'?$ 8 "$ ","#0$.$ $. $+ #0$5-,9 $. +&5$101& $. 6*$ +," >*?&1,'$" 1$"-+0$?*$. *.& $"#'$?0& ),.,)01& ),5, n#,5& 81&)&o ]232456742/2b: !"#& $"#'$?0& ),."0"#$ $. 0.0)0&' ),,-$'&.1, ),. $+ ,#', >*?&<1,' 8 ),.#0.*&' >*?&.1, $C&)#&5$.#$ 1$ +& 50"5& 5&.$'& ),5, 2&8& >*?&1, $+

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    12/22

    #!

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    ,#', $. +& >*?&1& 0.5$10&5$.#$ &.#$'0,': !. ,#'&" -&+&7'&"9 +," 50"5," &)#,'$"$. >*$?, -*$1$. "*-$'&' "*" -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04. "0. +& 0.#$'A$.)04. 1$

    *.& &*#,'01&1 $"#&+ , -&'&*?&1& &.#$'0,'9 "0. 05-,'#&' 6*$ &.#$" ., 2&8& ),,-$'&1,b:

    @*.&1& $"#& 5,'&+01&1 & *.& A0"04. ),5-&'#01& 1$ 3*#*',9 0.A0#& & ),."01$'&'$. $+ -&-$+ 6*$ #0$.$ +& )*+#*'& c $. #&.#, 6*$ 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" ),5-&'#01," c#&.#, $. $+ "*'?050$.#, ),5, $. +& "*-$'&)04. 1$ +," -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04.),."#0#*#0A," 1$+ ,'1$. ",)0&+:

    N,' ,#', +&1,9 J"#',5 ]K^^G 8 XGG_b9 2&)0$.1, *", 1$ 0..*5$'&7+$" $"#*10,"

    1$ )&5-, 8 $C-$'05$.#," 1$ 0.#$'&))04. ",)0&+9 5,"#'4 6*$ )0$'#," #0-," 1$ &''$<?+," 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" -&'& +& -',#$))04. 1$ '$)*'"," 1$ *", ),5k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u9 -,' +, ),5k.9 $"#,")2,6*$" $C#$'.," -,.$. $. '0$"?, +," $+$5$.#," )*+#*'&+$" 6*$ 3*.1&5$.#&. +&),,-$'&)04. ",)0&+ '$6*$'01& -&'& $+ 5&.$>, '&)0,.&+ 8 ","#$.07+$ 1$ +," '$)*'",".*'&+$":

    B. Problemas de coordinación

    U," -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,'10.&)04. ",. &6*$++," 6*$ "*'?$. )*&.1, 2&8 *.& ),.<3+*$.)0& 1$ 0.#$'$"$" $.#'$ 10A$'"," &)#,'$" ",)0&+$": t*$ $C0"#& *.& ),.3+*$.)0&1$ 0.#$'$"$" 6*0$'$ 1$)0' 6*$ )&1& &)#,' $"#/ 10"-*$"#, & "$?*0' *.& $"#'$?0& 1$&))04.9 "0$5-'$ 8 )*&.1, #,1," +," 1$5/" &)#,'$" 2&?&. +, 50"5,: O,.#'&'0,& +, 6*$ ,)*''$ $. +," -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,-$'&)04.9 $. +," )*&+$" ",+, $C0"#$ *.$6*0+07'0, 1$ l&"29 "*7*$?," 1$ ),,'10.&

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    13/22

    ##

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    )04. $+ -',7+$5& ),."0"#$ $. 6*$ 2&8 5k+#0-+$" $6*0+07'0," 1$ l&"29 0?*&+5$.#$1$"$&7+$" -&'& #,1&" +&" -&'#$": N,' +, #&.#,9 $+ -',7+$5& $. $"#$ #0-, 1$ >*$?,"

    ),."0"#$ $. 6*$ #,1," +," &)#,'$" 1$7$. $+$?0' +& 50"5& $"#'$?0&:h0 2&8 )&.&+$" 1$ ),5*.0)&)04. $30)0$.#$" &70$'#," -&'& #,1," +," >*?&1,'$"9 +&",+*)04. 1$ $"#$ -',7+$5& $"9 *"*&+5$.#$9 #'0A0&+: N$',9 1&1, 6*$ +& ",+*)04. 1$$"#$ #0-, 1$ >*$?," ., $"#/ *.(A,)&5$.#$ 1$#$'50.&1& -,' "* $"#'*)#*'& 3,'5&+9)*&.1, +& ),5*.0)&)04. "$ 1030)*+#&9 , $" 0.$C0"#$.#$9 +& -'$10))04. #$4'0)& $" 6*$+," >*?&1,'$" ., A&. & +,?'&' $.),.#'&' ",+*)0,.$" &+ -',7+$5& 1$ ),,'10.&)04.95/" &++/ 1$ +, 6*$ "$ $"-$'&'(& 6*$ ,)*''0$'& -,' ",+, )*$.#& 1$+ &=&' ]i&'"&.80

    8 h$+#$.9 K^[[b:h0. $57&'?,9 h)2$++0.? ]K^_Ib 1$5,"#'49 & #'&Ag" 1$ *.& "$'0$ 1$ >*$?," 0.<

    3,'5&+$" ),'',7,'&1," 5$10&.#$ 5$#,1,+,?(&" $C-$'05$.#&+$" -,' D$2#& $# &+:]K^^F&7b9 6*$ +," "$'$" 2*5&.," -*$1$. 2&++&' ",+*)0,.$" $30)0$.#$" & $"#$ #0-,1$ -',7+$5&"9 5/" &++/ 1$ +, 6*$ "$ $"-$'&'(& 6*$ ,)*''0$'& -,' &=&': !. ,#'&" -&<+&7'&"9 +&" -$'",.&" -*$1$. ),,'10.&' "*" &))0,.$" "0. .$)$"01&1 1$ ),5*.0)&'"$:

    !+ -',)$", 1$ '&=,.&50$.#, 5$10&.#$ $+ )*&+ +," &)#,'$" ",)0&+$" +,?'&. '$<",+A$' $"#$ #0-, 1$ -',7+$5&" 1$ ),,'10.&)04.9 ++$?&.1, & $6*0+07'0," ),.,)01,"$. +& +0#$'*'& ),5, -*.#," 3,)&+$"9 2& "01, 5,1$+&1, -,' h*?1$. ]K^^_b $.#g'50.," 1$ -',)$"," 1$ $#06*$#&50$.#, ] ./81.39: b ),5k. 1$ +&" 10A$'"&" $"#'$<?0&" 1$ &))04. 10"-,.07+$"9 3&)0+0#&1," -,' +& $C0"#$.)0& 1$ +$.?*&>$" ),5-&'#01,"3*.1&5$.#&1," $. n$+$5$.#," ),5*.$" 1$ +& )*+#*'&9 +& $C-$'0$.)0& , +& "0),+,<?(& 1$ +," >*?&1,'$"o ]-: _FKb: !"#$ -+&.#$&50$.#, ),0.)01$ ),. 10A$'"," &./+0"0"6*$ 5*$"#'&. )45, +& ),,'10.&)04. ",)0&+ -*$1$ "*'?0' 1$ &))0,.$" &*#4.,5&"

    8 1$")$.#'&+0=&1&" 1$ 0.10A01*," 6*$ ),5-&'#$. *. 50"5, 7&?&>$ )*+#*'&+9 $"1$)0'9 6*$ ),5-&'#$. 5,1$+," 5$.#&+$" 6*$ +$" -$'50#$. 0.#$'-'$#&' 1$ 5&.$'&""050+&'$" +," -&'/5$#'," "0#*&)0,.&+$" 6*$ ),.30?*'&. #&+ #0-, 1$ "0#*&)0,.$" $.),.#$C#," -&'#0)*+&'$" ]h`8'5"9K^^W9 8 u,*.?9 K^^[b:

    !. $"#$ "$.#01,9 #&570g. ",. 1$ $"-$'&'"$ 5$.,'$" .0A$+$" 1$ ),,'10.&)04.

    $. >*$?," 1$ ),,'10.&)04. 0.#$')*+#*'&+$"9 +, )*&+ #&570g. 2& "01, ),'',7,'&1,9$. 3,'5& -'$+050.&'9 5$10&.#$ 5$#,1,+,?(&" $C-$'05$.#&+$" ]@70#7,+9 XGKYb:

    C. Problemas de elección social

    U," -',7+$5&" 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ ",. &6*$++," 6*$ "*'?$. )*&.1, "$ 7*")&++$?&' & *.& 1$)0"04. ),+$)#0A& 5$10&.#$ &+?k. 5$)&.0"5, 1$ &?'$?&)04. ",)0&+ 1$

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    14/22

    #$

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    -'$3$'$.)0&" 0.10A01*&+$"9 -,' $>$5-+,9 5$10&.#$ *. -',)$", 1$ A,#&)04. ]@'',\9K^WYb: !+ ;$,'$5& 1$ @'',\ 5*$"#'& 6*$9 "0 "$ )*5-+$. *.& "$'0$ 1$ ),.10)0,.$"

    5(.05&" 6*$ &"$?*'$. +& '&=,.&70+01&1 1$+ 5$)&.0"5, 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ c 6*$#,1," +," A,#&.#$" -*$1&. ,'1$.&' +&" &+#$'.A&" ),5, -'$30$'&.9 6*$ $+ 5g#,1,1$ $+$))04. ),.#&70+0)$ 70$. 10)2&" -'$3$'$.)0&"9 6*$ "$ $C)+*8&. &+#$'.A&" .,'$+$A&.#$" 8 6*$ +&" -'$3$'$.)0&" 1$ *. ",+, 0.10A01*, ., 1$#$'50.$. $+ '$"*+#&1,c .0.?k. 5$)&.0"5, -*$1$ &"$?*'&' *.& $+$))04. ",)0&+ '&)0,.&+: !. ,#'&" -&+&<7'&"9 .0.?k. 5$)&.0"5, &"$?*'& *. ,'1$.&50$.#, #'&."0#0A, 1$ -'$3$'$.)0&" ",<)0&+$": !"#, 2&)$ 6*$ #,1," +," 5$)&.0"5," 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ "$&. A*+.$'&7+$"9 8&"$& & +& 0.$"#&70+01&1 1$ +&" 1$)0"0,.$" ),+$)#0A&"9 , & +& 5&.0-*+&)04. $"#'g?0)&:

    h0. $57&'?,9 E+&)` ]K^F[b9 H,\." ]K^_Ib 8 h$. ]K^IGb 2&. 1$5,"#'&1, 6*$9

    7&>, )0$'#&" '$"#'0))0,.$" 5(.05&" ",7'$ +&" -'$3$'$.)0&" 1$ +," 0.10A01*,"9 $+ '$<"*+#&1, 1$ *. -',)$", 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ -*$1$ &'',>&' -'$3$'$.)0&" 1$ ?'*-,#'&."0#0A&" 8 $"#&7+$": H0)2&" '$"#'0))0,.$" ),."0"#0'(&. $. +& $C0"#$.)0& 1$ 5(.0<5," ),."$."," '$"-$)#, & +& 1$"$&70+01&1 1$ &+?*.&" 1$ +&" &+#$'.A&" 6*$ $"#g."0$.1, ),."01$'&1&":

    !+ +,?', 1$ $"#," ),."$."," -*$1$ ,)*''0' -,' 1," A(&" 6*$ 0.A,+*)'&. $+$5$.<#," )*+#*'&+$": N,' *. +&1,9 -,1'(& $"-$'&'"$ 6*$9 "0 +," 0.10A01*," 0.A,+*)'&1,"$. *. -',)$", 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ ),5-&'#$. *.& 50"5& )*+#*'&9 1$7$. $C0"#0'&+#$'.A&" 6*$ .0.?*., ),."01$'& ),5, +& 5/" 1$"$&7+$9 , 6*$ .0.?*., ),.<"01$'& ),5, +& 5$.," 1$"$&7+$: ;&+ ),.10)04. c ),.,)01& $. +& +0#$'*'& ",7'$$+$))04. ",)0&+ ),5, "0.?*+&'01&1 1$ #,-$" c $" "*30)0$.#$ -&'& 6*$ +& $+$))04. 1$+?'*-, $")&-$ &+ "0., 1$+ ;$,'$5& 1$ @'',\: N,' ,#'& -&'#$9 $"#$ #0-, 1$ ),."$.","-*$1$ +,?'&'"$ $. +& 5$101& $. 6*$ +," -',)$"," 1$ $+$))04. ",)0&+ $"#g. -'$A0&<5$.#$ &),5-&B&1," -,' -',)$"," 1$ 1$+07$'&)04. ),+$)#0A& ",7'$ +&" '&=,.$" -,'+&" )*&+$" )&1& 0.10A01*, -'$30$'$ *.&" &+#$'.A&" ",7'$ ,#'&": !. +& 5$101& $.6*$ +& $3$)#0A01&1 1$ $"#$ #0-, 1$ -',)$"," 1$+07$'A," $C0?$ )0$'#&" .,'5&" 1$),.1*)#& ),.A$'"&)0,.&+ 8 )0$'#," A&+,'$" 10")*'"0A,"9 ),5,9 -,' $>$5-+,9 6*$

    )&1& 6*0$. $"#g "0.)$'&5$.#$ 10"-*$"#, & )&570&' 1$ ,-0.04. "0 +," &'?*5$.#,"1$ +," ,#'," ",. 5/" "4+01," 6*$ $+ -',-0,9 *.& )*+#*'& $. +& 6*$ "$ -'0A0+$?0$ $+*", 1$ +& '&=4. -k7+0)& "$'/ 5/" -',)+0A$ & 6*$ 10)2," -',)$"," -$'50#&. +& )'0"<#&+0=&)04. 1$ +," 5(.05," ),."$."," '$6*$'01," -&'& &"$?*'&' *.& $+$))04. ",)0&+'&)0,.&+ ]h$.9 K^^^b:

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    15/22

    #(

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    V. ESBOZOS PARA UNA ETNOGRAFÍA ANALÍTICAY EL DISEÑO DE SITUACIONES

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

    !+ -+&.#$&50$.#, 1$ *.& $#.,?'&3(& &.&+(#0)& "$ 1$'0A& 1$ +& *#0+01&1 6*$ '$<

    A0"#$ $+ &./+0"0" 1$ +&" "0#*&)0,.$" 1$ 0.#$'&))04. $"#'g?0)&9 "* -',7+$5)01&1 8 +& 10A$'"01&1 1$ "*" ",+*)0,.$"9 & -&'#0' 1$ +," 5,1$+," &1,-#&1," 1$ +& #$,'(&1$ >*$?," -,' +& $),.,5(& -,+(#0)& .$,

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    16/22

    #*

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    .$.#$"9 -&'& '$&+0=&' $C-$'05$.#," 1$ ),,-$'&)04. c $.3,)&1," $. $+ &./+0"0" 1$&)#0#*1$" &.#$ +& -',A0"04. 1$ 70$.$" -k7+0),"9 ),.30&.=& 8 '$)0-',)01&1 c ),.

    "*>$#," -$'#$.$)0$.#$" & *.& ?'&. 10A$'"01&1 1$ )*+#*'&": U," $>$')0)0," $C-$'0

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    17/22

    #+

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    N$', #&570g. $" 05-,'#&.#$ $. $"#$ 50"5, "$.#01, '$)&+)&' 6*$9 &*. )*&.1,$+ )&'/)#$' 1$ $"#&" $#.,?'&3(&" &.&+(#0)&" 0.1*)$ & -$."&'9 -,' )*$.#& 1$ +& )$.<

    #'&+01&1 1$+ ),.)$-#, 1$ )*+#*'&9 $50.$.#$5$.#$ $. $+ )&5-, 1$ +, "0574+0),9$"#, ., 6*0$'$ 1$)0' 6*$ +&" 0.#$'A$.)0,.$" 1$ 10"$B, 0."#0#*)0,.&+ 8 1$ -,+(#0)&-k7+0)& 1$7&. "$' -$."&1&" $C)+*"0A&5$.#$ 1$.#', 1$ #&+ /570#,: !" &6*( 1,.1$

    A&+$ +& -$.& ),."01$'&' 5/" &5-+0&5$.#$ $+ "$.#01, 1$ +, 6*$ "$ $.#0$.1$ -,' +,)*+#*'&+9 8 2&)$'9 7'$A$5$.#$9 *.& '$3$'$.)0& & +& 05-,'#&.)0& 1$ +&" "0#*&)0,.$"9

    8 & +& 10A$'"01&1 1$ "*" $+$5$.#," ),."#0#*#0A,":!. *. $C-$'05$.#, 1$ 30+,",3(& 5,'&+ 8& )+/"0),9 "$ +$" ",+0)0#& & +," "*>$#,"

    $C-'$"&' 6*g 2&'(&. "0 A0$'&. 6*$ *. #'$. 1$"7,)&1, "$ 10'0?$ 2&)0& *. ?'*-, 1$-$'",.&" 6*$ -,1'(&. "$' "&+A&1&" "0 $+ "*>$#, &-'$#&'& *. 7,#4. 6*$ 1$"A(& $+

    #'$. 2&)0& ,#'& A(&9 -$', ),. +& ),."$)*$.)0& 1$ 6*$ g"#$9 & "* A$=9 &'',++&'(& & *.,-$'&'0, 6*$ #'&7&>& >*"#&5$.#$ $. $+ 1$"A(,: E&>, ,#', #'&50$.#,9 "$ +$" -01$ &+," "*>$#," 6*$ $C-'$"$. 6*g 2&'(&. $. ,#'& "0#*&)04.S 8& ., #$.1'(&. 6*$ &-'$#&'*. 7,#4. -&'& 1$"A0&' $+ #'$.9 "0., 6*$ #$.1'(&. 6*$ $5-*>&' & *.& -$'",.& 5*8-$"&1& ",7'$ +& A(& -&'& 1$#$.$' $+ #'$.9 ),. +& ),."$)*$.#$ 5*$'#$ 1$ $"& -$'<",.&9 -$', "&+A&.1, &+ ?'*-, 1$ -$'",.&" 6*$9 1$ +, ),.#'&'0,9 "$'(&. &'',++&1&":h0"#$5/#0)&5$.#$9 +& 5&8,' -&'#$ 1$ +&" -$'",.&" '$"-,.1$. 6*$ &-'$#&'(&. $+7,#4.9 -$', 6*$ ., &'',>&'(&. & +& -$'",.& -$"&1& ",7'$ +& A(&: !"#$ #0-, 1$ $C-$<'05$.#," 5*$"#'& )45, $+ -,1$' 1$ +&" "0#*&)0,.$" -*$1$ &3$)#&' +& 10"-,"0)04.1$ +&" -$'",.&" & &-+0)&' 103$'$.)0&+5$.#$9 "$?k. $+ ),.#$C#,9 10"#0.#," A&+,'$"5,'&+$"Z $. $"#$ )&",9 &6*$+ "$?k. $+ )*&+ "&+A&' A&'0&" A01&" $" 5/" A&+0,", 6*$"&+A&' *.& ",+& A01& ]s'$$.$9 XGKYb:

    !"#$ 2&++&=?, ",7'$ $+ -,1$' 6*$ #0$.$. +&" "0#*&)0,.$" ",7'$ +," 5,1$+," 5$.<#&+$" c +," A&+,'$"9 +&" .,'5&" ",)0&+$"9 +&" &)#0#*1$" 2&)0& $+ )*5-+050$.#, 1$ +&+$8 c 8 ,#'," $+$5$.#," )*+#*'&+$" &",)0&1," ),. +& '$",+*)04. 1$ -',7+$5&" 1$ 0.<#$'&))04. ",)0&+9 -*$1$ ),'',7,'&'"$ ),. ,#'," $C-$'05$.#," ",)0&+$": U," $>$5-+,"5/" "&+0$.#$" $. +& +0#$'*'& -',A$.0$.#$ 1$ +& -"0),+,?(& ",)0&+ ",. $+ $C-$'05$.<

    #, 1$ +& -'0"04. 1$ h#&.3,'1 ]L057&'1,9 XGGIb 8 $+ $C-$'05$.#, ",7'$ &*#,'01&11$ h#&.+$8 D0+?'&5 ]K^IYb: !. &57," )&","9 $"#," $C-$'05$.#," 5*$"#'&. )45,+& $"#'*)#*'&)04. 1$ +& "0#*&)04. 1$ 0.#$'&))04. $"#'g?0)&9 $. #g'50.,"9 ., ",+,1$ +, 6*$ "$ +$" 0.3,'5& & +," "*>$#," ",7'$ +, 6*$ $"#/ , ., $"#/ -$'50#01, , -',20<701, 2&)$'9 "0., &1$5/" 1$ +& ),.30?*'&)04. 1$ +& 0.3'&$"#'*)#*'&9 +," *.03,'5$"9+& A$"#05$.#&9 $+ $.#,'.,9 $#): &3$)#& "0"#$5/#0)&5$.#$ "* ),5-,'#&50$.#,:

    !+ '$),.,)050$.#, 1$+ -&-$+ 6*$ #0$.$ +& &'6*0#$)#*'&9 #&.#, "0574+0)& ),5,5$'0&+9 1$ +&" "0#*&)0,.$" $. +&" )*&+$" &)#k&. +," "$'$" 2*5&.,"9 ),.1*)$ & -$.

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    18/22

    $-

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    "&' 6*$ $+ 10"$B, 1$ 0."#0#*)0,.$" 8 1$ -,+(#0)&" -k7+0)&" ,'0$.#&1&" & -',-0)0&')&570," $. +," ),5-,'#&50$.#," 1$7$. 0.A,+*)'&' $+$5$.#," 6*$ #'&")0$.1&.9

    #&.#, +& &-+0)&)04. $C)+*"0A& 1$ 0.)$.#0A," $),.450),"9 ),5, +& 05-+$5$.#&)04.1$ &)#," 8 &'#030)0," "0574+0)," ]@70#7,+9 XGKXb: R. $>$5-+, 0+*"#'A, 1$ $"#&&-',C05&)04. &+ 10"$B, 1$ "0#*&)0,.$" +, ,3'$)$. &+?*.&" )0*1&1$" $*',-$&" 1,.<1$ "$ 2&. 05-+$5$.#&1, -',?'&5&" -0+,#, 1$ '$&1$)*&)04. 1$ +& 0.3'&$"#'*)#* '&

    A0&+: !. $"#&" )0*1&1$" "$ 2& ,-#&1, -,' $+050.&' +," &.1$.$"9 +&" "$B&+$" 1$ #'/."0<#, 8 +," "$5/3,',"9 ),. $+ '$"*+#&1, 1$ 6*$ +," ),.1*)#,'$" 8 +," -$,.$"9 &+ A$'"$,7+0?&1," & $"#&7+$)$' *. ),.#&)#, 5/" 10'$)#,9 A0"*&+9 &1,-#&. ),5-,'#&50$.#,"6*$ '$1*)$. +," (.10)$" 1$ &))01$.#&+01&19 $ 0.)'$5$.#&. +& $30)0$.)0& 1$+ 3+*>,

    A$20)*+&' ]D)l0)2,+9 XGGFb: !"#& 0+*"#'&)04. -$'50#$ '$),'1&' 6*$ +& )*+#*'& $"#/

    &.)+&1& $. +& $A,+*)04. .*'&+ 1$ i,5, "&-0$." 8 6*$ 2& ),,' +& ),.$C04.$.#'$ 1$5,)'&)0&9 )*+#*'& 8 1$"&'',++,:

    !. k+#05&"9 &A&.=&' $. #&+ 10'$))04. ,3'$)$ +& -$'"-$)#0A&9 ., ",+, 1$ *.&0.#$?'&)04. 5/" -',1*)#0A& 1$ +&" 10A$'"&" ),''0$.#$" 1$ +& #$,'(& 1$ +& 5,1$'.0=&<)04.9 "0., &1$5/" 1$ +& )'$&)04. 1$ )&.&+$" 1$ ),.A$'"&)04. 5/" )+&'," $.#'$ g"#&

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    19/22

    $&

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    8 ,#'&" #$,'(&" 8 -',?'&5&" 1$ 0.A$"#0?&)04. 6*$ 0.1&?&. ",7'$ +& '$+&)04. $.#'$+& 1$5,)'&)0&9 +& )*+#*'& 8 $+ 1$"&'',++,9 ),5, &6*$++&" 6*$ $.3,)&. "* $.)04.

    ",7'$ +& )*+#*'& -,+(#0)& , $+ )&-0#&+ ",)0&+: !"#& -$'"-$)#0A& '$1*.1&'(& $. +& -,"0173?/9 ;?696>3? O1S31T9 ^K:

    Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson y James Robinson (2001b/2005) «Los oríge <.$" ),+,.0&+$" 1$+ 1$"&'',++, ),5-&'A,S *.& 0.A$"#0?&)04. $5-('0)&o9O1S304

    2/ D1 ;?696>M/ Q90232A?369/.B f,+ I9 l, KY: @)$5,?+*9 H&',.9 &.1 v&5$" P,70.",. ]XGG_&b9 ;?696>3? U73:390 65 V3?2/2670W3=/9D V1>6?7/?EBl$\ u,'`S O&57'01?$ R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    @)$5,?+*9 H&',.9 h05,. v,2.",. &.1 v&5$" P,70.",. ]XGG_7b9 nQ."#0#*#0,." &"#2$ V*.1&5$.#&+ O&*"$ ,3 U,.?

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    20/22

    $)

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    Almond, Gabriel A., y S. Verba (1963/1970), \/ ?A.2A7/ ?MS3?/L ;02AD36 06871 ./ =/74 23?3=/?3J9 =6.M23?/ D1>6?7^23?/ 19 ?39?6 =/M010: D&1'01S !*'&5g'0)& c V*.1&)04.

    V,$""&: @-#$'9 H&A01 ]K^W_b9_W1 [6.323?0 65 `6D1793]/2369BO20)&?,S R.0A$'"0#8 ,3 O20)&?,N'$"":

    @'',\9 w$..$#2 ]K^WYb9 a6?3/. PW63?1 /9D Q9D3S3DA/. b/.A109 l$\ i&A$. &.1 U,.<1,.S u&+$ R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    Axelrod, Robert (1984/1986), \/ ;S6.A?3J9 D1 ./ ?66=17/?3J9@ 1. D3.1>/ D1. =730369176 E ./ 2167M/ D1 IA1:609 D&1'01S @+0&.=& !10#,'0&+:

    E+&)`9 H*.)&. ]K^F[b9 n;2$ U,?0) ,3 s',*- H$)0"0,.o9 _W1 c6A79/. 65 [6.323?/.;?696>E 9 _W:

    O&"&"9 @.1'g"9 l: Dg.1$=9 @: !"+&A& 8 v: s0'&+1, ]XGKYb9b/.6710B 71=710192/?36910 E ?/=32/. 06?3/. 19 R9236GA3/ )-&"9 D$1$++(.S R.0A$'"01&1(")%* c s,7$'.&)04.1$ @.#0,6*0&:

    O,+$5&.9 v&5$" h: ]K^[[b9 nh,)0&+ O&-0#&+ 0. #2$ O'$,. ,3 i*5&. O&-0<#&+o9 R>173?/9 c6A79/. 65 a6?36.6:E9 ^F9 h*--+$5$.#:

    H&"?*-#&9 N&'#2&9 &.1 Q: h$'&?$+10.9 $1":9 ]XGGGb9a6?3/. P/=32/.@ R `A.235/?121D[170=1?23S19 a&"20.?#,.9 + ,- :S a,'+1 E&.`:

    H0&5,.19 U&''89 $1: ]K^^Yb9[6.323?/. PA.2A71 /9D V1>6?7/?E 39 V1S1.6=39: P6A9273109E,*+1$'9 OJS U8..$ P0$..$' N*7+0"2$'":

    H,\."9 @.#2,.8 ]K^_Ib9 R9 ;?696>3? _W167E 65 V1>6?7/?EB l$\ u,'`S i&'-$'O,++0.":

    s0?$'$.=$'9 s$'1 ]XGGGb9 RD/=23S1 _W39Y39: : O/2369/.32E 39 2W1 O1/. d67.D9 JC3,'1SJC3,'1 R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    s0?$'$.=$'9 s$'19 N: D: ;,11 &.1 #2$ "'- P$"$&')2 s',*- ]XGKXb9 ;?6.6:3?/. O/4 2369/.32EL Q921..3:19?1 39 2W1 d67.D9 JC3,'1S JC3,'1 R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    s'$$.$9 v,"2*& ]XGKYb9̀67/. _73810@ ;>62369B O1/069B /9D 2W1 Z/= e12T119 F0 /9D_W1>9 l$\ u,'`S N$.?*0. N'$"":

    i&'10.9 P*""$++ ]K^^_b9U91 567 R..L _W1 \6:3? 65 Z76A= P695.3?29 N'0.)$#,.9./

    SN'0.)$#,. R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":i&'"&.809 v,2. O:9 &.1 P: h$+#$. ]K^[[b9 R Z1917/. _W167E 65 ;GA3.3873A> a1.1?2369

    39 Z/>10 : O&57'01?$S0%* N'$"":i$1"#'j59 N$#$' &.1 P: h\$17$'?9 $1": ]K^^[b9 a6?3/. `1?W/930>0L R9 R9/.E23?/.

    R==76/?W 26 a6?3/. _W167E: O&57'01?$S O&57'01?$ R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":i$.'0)29 v,"$-2 $# &+: ]XGG_b9 n!),.,50) 5&. 0. )',""

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    21/22

    $"

    !"#$%&'%(') %+,-+&' . !"/'&&$,,$

    Hobbes, Thomas (1651/1980), \1S3/2^9B 6 ./ >/2173/.B 567>/ E =6D17 D1 A9/ 71=f8.34 ?/B 1?.103/023?/ E ?3S3.9 DgC0),9+ ,) ,S V,.1, 1$ O*+#*'& !),.450)&:

    i*.#0.?#,.9 h&5*$+ ]K^W[b9 [6.323?/. U7D17 39 PW/9:39: a6?312310Bl$\ i&A$.S u&+$R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":i*.#0.?#,.9 h&5*$+ ]K^^Kb9 _W1 _W37D d/S1@ V1>6?7/23]/2369 39 2W1 ./21 _T192312W

    P192A7EBl,'5&.S R.0A$'"0#8 ,3 J`+&2,5& N'$"":Inglehart, Ronald, and C. Welzel (2005/2006), `6D1793]/?3J9B ?/>836 ?A.2A7/. E D14

    >6?7/?3/@ ./ 01?A19?3/ D1. D10/776..6 WA>/96BD&1'01S O$.#', 1$ Q.A$"#0?&)0,.$"h,)0,+4?0)&" c h0?+, 11%:

    U@NJN ]XGKXb9PA.2A7/ =6.M23?/ D1 ./ D1>6?7/?3/ 19 P6.6>83/ E 19 ./0 R>C73?/0B )-&)@X/?3/ ./ 3:A/.D/D D1 6=672A93D/D10: E,?,#/S R.0A$'"01&1 1$ +," @.1$":

    U0-"$#9 h$85,*' D: ]K^_^b9 n@+?*.," '$6*0"0#," ",)0&+$" 1$ +& 1$5,)'&)0&S 1$"&3? PW/9:19 N'0.)$#,.9

    lvS N'0.)$#,. R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":North, Douglass (1990/1993), Q90232A?36910B ?/>836 390232A?369/. E D101>=1H6 1?69J>3?69

    DgC0),9 + ,) :S V,.1, 1$ O*+#*'& !),.450)&:

  • 8/18/2019 Democracia Cultura Desarrollo A

    22/22

    $!

    !"#$% "#'(#%$

    Olson, Mancur (1965/1971), \/ .J:3?/ D1 ./ /??3J9 ?6.1?23S/L e31910 =f8.3?60 E ./2167M/ D1 :7A=609 DgC0), + ,) ,S !10#,'0&+ U05*"&:

    J"#',59 !+0.,' ]XGG_b9 ;A910L \/ 1S6.A?3J9 D1 ./0

    390232A?36910 D1 /??3J9 ?6.1?23S/9 DgC0),9+ ,) :S V,.1, 1$ O*+#*'& !),.450)&:Poundstone, William (1992/1995), ;. D3.1>/ D1. =730369176L c6W9 S69 K1A>/99B ./

    2167M/ D1 IA1:60 E ./ 86>8/9 D&1'01S @+0&.=& !10#,'0&+:N*#.&59 P,7$'# ]\0#2 P: U$,.&'10 &.1 P: l&.$##0b ]K^^Yb9 `/Y39: V1>6?7/?E

    d67Y@ P3S3? _7/D323690 39 ̀ 6D179 Q2/.E9 N'0.)$#,.9 ./ S N'0.)$#,. R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":N'=$\,'"`0 @1&59 D: @+A&'$=9 V: U05,.?0 8 v:@: O2$07*7 ]K^^Wb9 nU&" ),.10)0,<

    .$" $),.450)&" $ 0."#0#*)0,.&+$" 1$ +& 1*'&70+01&1 1$ +&" 1$5,)'&)0&"o9\/[6.M23?/@ O1S302/ D1 102AD360 06871 1. 102/D6 E ./ 06?31D/DBl, X:

    P,"#,\9 a&+#$' a: ]K^WGb9 _W1 a2/:10 65 ;?696>3? Z76T2W@ R K69P6>>A9302 `/934 51026BO&57'01?$S O&57'01?$ R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    P*$")2$5$8$'9 H0$#'0)29 !: h#$-2$." &.1 v: h#$-2$." ]K^^Xb9 P/=32/.302 V1S1.6=4 >192 /9D V1>6?7/?EBO&57'01?$S O&57'01?$ R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    P*"#,\9 H&.`\&'# ]K^IGb9 n;'&."0#0,." #, H$5,)'&)8: ;,\&'1" & H8.&50) D,<1$+o9P6>=/7/23S1 [6.323?0BX:

    h)2$++0.?9 ;2,5&" ]K^_Ib9 nE&'?&0.0.?9 O,55*.0),.9 &.1 U050#$1 a&'o9 c6A79/. 65 P695.3?2 O106.A2369 K ]Kb:

    h$.9 @5&'#8& ]K^IGb9P6..1?23S1 PW63?1 /9D a6?3/. d1.5/719 l$\ u,'`9 .4 S i,+1$.H&8:

    h$.9 @5&'#8& ]K^^^b9 n;2$ N,""070+0#8 ,3 h,)0&+ O2,0)$o9_W1 R>173?/9 ;?696>3?O1S31T9 f,+: [^9 l,: Y:

    h$.9 @5&'#8& ]XGGFb9 ni,\ H,$" O*+#*'$ D#$'eo9 $. f0>&8$.1'& P&, 8 D0)2&$+ a&+#,.9 $1": PA.2A71 /9D [A8.3? R?23699 h#&.3,'19-" S h#&.3,'1 R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    h*1&'"`89 v,2. ]XGGIb9\/ 1S6.A?3J9 D1. ?/=32/. 06?3/. 19 P6.6>83/B &++(4)--# 9 E,<

    ?,#/S V*.1&)04. P$"#'$-, E&'),:h`8'5"9 E'0&. ]K^^Wb9;S6.A2369 65 2W1 a6?3/. P6927/?29 O&57'01?$S O&57'01?$R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":

    h*?1$.9 P,7$'# ]K^^_b9 n@ ;2$,'8 ,3 V,)&+ N,0.#"o9 _W1 ;?696>3? c6A79/.B KG_: u,*.?9 i: N$8#,. ]K^^[b9 Q9D3S3DA/. a27/21:E /9D a6?3/. a27A?2A719 N'0.)$#,.9 ./ S

    N'0.)$#,. R.0A$'"0#8 N'$"":L057&'1,9 N20+0- s: ]XGGIb9_W1 \A?3517 ;551?2@ F9D1702/9D39: X6T Z66D [16=.1

    _A79 ;S3.: l$\ u,'`9 .4 S P&.1,5 i,*"$:X