Dementia powerpoint

Dementia

BRITTANY B GROSS Friday, April 23, 2010 11:41:38 AM ET

Thesis

• The development of dementia is rapidly increasing, much too fast for scientists to find a way to treat or prevent it.


Personal Relevance

• I choose to research dementia because it is becoming more and more common as the years go on. I would like to go into the health field for my career and this is something I need to know about that is not taught very often.


Audience Relevance

• You should learn about dementia because it can happen to anyone, and it would be good for you to know what to do to try and prevent it.


Overview

• What is Dementia

• Diagnosis

• Treatment

• Prevention

• Caring for people with Dementia

• Application

• Activity


What is Dementia?

• Not one disease

• Considered a mental health problem

• Described as a collection of symptoms that affects someone’s lifestyle

• Symptoms can be from a bunch of disorders

• (http://newcreationperson.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/question_marks.jpg)


How Common is Dementia???

• 24.3 million people world wide have dementia

• Could jump to as many as 84 million people in 2040

• 1 in every 1000 person will develop dementia between 40 and 65

• 1 in 5 for people over the age of 80

1)(Dementia Facts and Statistics) Studies taken in 2005

2)(Dementia Facts And Statistics: Present And Future)3) (Dementia Statistics)


5.3 Million

1)In the US 2010

• African Americans are twice as likely to develop dementia then Caucasian

• Hispanics are half times more likely to be stricken with it

• (http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700015488/Minorities-more-likely-to-develop-Alzheimers-report-shows.html)


Continued

0

5

10

15

20

1900 1950 1995 2010 20302050

1900- 4 percent1950-8 percent1995-13 percent2010-13.5 percent2030-20 percent2050-20 percent(Sonja M. Lillrank, M.D., Ph.d.) 8


Who is Most Likely to Develop Dementia

• Elderly people

• People who have had a family member with it

• People who smoke and drink

1)usually over the age 652) b/c its in your genes 3) kills o brain cells (http://www.consumerreports.org/health/conditions-and-treatments/dementia/what-is-it/risk-factors.htm)


Cont..

• People with down syndrome

• People with Atherosclerosis

• People with diabetes

1)they develop brain damage similar to Alzheimer's by middle age2) Hardening of the arteries (restricting blood flow) (http://www.consumerreports.org/health/conditions-and-treatments/dementia/what-is-it/risk-factors.htm)


Types of Dementia • Cortical Dementia

• Subcortical Dementia

• Progressive Dementia

• Primary Dementia

• Secondary Dementia

1)damage to the brain that a ects the cortex of the the brain or the outer layer (causes problems with memory, language, thinking, and social behavior 2)dementia that a ects parts of the brain below the cortex (causes changes in emotion, and movement)3)Dementia that only gets worse and starts to a ect ones ability to do everything activities4)dementia like Alzheimer’s disease and doesn’t result from any other disease5)dementia that is caused from physical disease or injury (can a ect people with other disorders that a ect mobility and functions like parksinsHealth reference series 99)


Disorders That Mimic Dementia

• Mental Retardation

• Amnesia

• Sundowners syndrome

• Delirium

• Normal Aging

2)Partial or complete loss of memory3) a certain time of the day when they have a complete personality change 4) disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorder(health reference center)


Alzheimer's and Dementia

• “Senile dementia”

• Most common cause of dementia

• Alzheimer’s is a disease that effects your memory, personality

• Progressive disease

1)can be referred to as senile dementia severe mental deterioration,old age, described as loss of memory and control over bodily functions 2)gets worse as it goes on within five to ten years (Dementia: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS))


Cont.

• It is the cause of 100,000 deaths/year

• Fourth leading cause of death in senior adults

• $100 billion dollars is spent a year for things related to Alzheimer's

• Although they continue to research a cure for Alzheimer’s scientist work hard every day to try and find one


Condition That Can Contribute to

Dementia• Medication

• Nutritional Deficiencies

• Infections <meningitis, encephalitis>

• Poisoning

• Brain tumors

1)reactions to medicine can look like dementia symptoms the look alike symptoms can come on very fast or develop over time2) Not enough thymine V-B can mess with your mental abilities (forget recent events) can cause pellagra (children who are young but look really old)(may include dementia)3) infections of the brain or the membrane surrounding the brain confusion or delirium < confusion or sudden severe dementia, less social interaction, poor judgement, memory loss>4)lead or heavy metals, or other poisoning substances can cause symptoms of dementia5)Rare, damage to the brain can lead to the development of dementia(Health Reference Series 108-109)(Dementia: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS))


Causes of Dementia

• Scientists can’t really say what exactly causes dementia or how dementia occurs but...

• Dead nerve cells or the loss of communication of nerve cells

• Genetics can help cause dementia

Health reference center 110-111


Signs of Dementia

• Sudden mood changes

• Less sociable

• Becoming uncomfortable with different people or places that aren’t familiar

• (Signs Of Dementia | Is A Loved One Showing (Signs Of Dementia | Is A Loved One Showing These Subtle But Crucial Signs? | Signs Of Dementia) Subtle But Crucial Signs? | Signs Of Dementia)


Symptoms of Dementia • Memory loss

• Personality change

• Disorientation

• Bad concentration

• Mood swings

1)they start to forget things that happened that day2)they start to act unusual3)they might think that they are somewhere they’re not or in another year4)moods change quickly and easily

Memory Loss and Dementia | Health | Patient UK


Changes in Sleep

• People with Dementia sometimes have trouble with their sleep

• Can have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep

• Reverse their sleep patterns completely

• They become restless annoyed and confused at the end of the day

• They might sleep all day and be awake all night vise versa

• (http://healthhabits.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/sleep-garfield.jpg) pic


Cont...• Behavior becomes harder to deal with

• Patients start to hallucinate and have more delusions (sundowning)

• Doctors think that it is caused by the excitement of the day and the disruptions in their sleep patterns

• Should avoid caffeine, alcohol, and smoking

• Should go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time

1)Sundowning-


Dementia and the Brain

• Makes the brain smaller

• Effects how much blood and oxygen is given to the brain

• Short term memory is the first thing to go

• As it gets worse patients will start to forget everyday things

• (http://compassionatecannabis.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/brain1.jpg)


A Normal Aged Brain & A Brain With Alzheimer’s

the top one is a regular aged brain and the bottom one is a brain with Alzheimer's the darker the color the more a ected it is


What part of the brain is affected

http://www.ftdrg.org/wp-content/uploads/brain_colour_cropped.jpg pic


Diagnosis

• 1)The person would go to see a Neurologist -the doctor needs to know why the person has come, the symptoms and when they started, and if there has been any progression and if there has how much

• 2) Doctors ask questions about the person’s history- doctor will do a regular check up looking for any symptoms, hypertension (high blood pressure) could possibly mean vascular dementia and a fever could maybe be an infection

• 3)Perform a physical exam- things like reflexes, sensation, coordination, senses, language skills, balance, and walking which is controlled by the nervous system

• (http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs33/f/2008/310/1/2/The_Doctor_by_irn_bru.png)


Diagnosis cont..

• Brain scans

• Laboratory Tests

• Psychiatric Evaluation

• Pre symptomatic testing

1)might want to run a electroencephalograph (EEGs) (shows the brains electrical impulses fewer impulses means that the brain is damaged)2)Regular blood and urine test to for syphilis or AIDS (any disease that can cause secondary dementia) Would see a psychiatrist 3)to help diagnose dementia or rule out the conditions (such as kidney failure..can lead to symptom4)doctors can’t test for symptoms before to see if a person will develop dementia but they can test to see if they are at risk if they have a disease like Huntington's (Health reference series pg. 114-116 )(Dementia: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS))


Treatment

• No treatments to stop or reverse the damage the disease has already caused

• Doctors can give medication

• 1)to make the symptoms a little better and slow down the progression of the disease

• usually progresses over the years

• (Health reference series 117 )

• Medicines- cholinesterase inhibitors- aricept, exelon, ad razadyne (they boost the level of chemicals that affectyour judgement and memory) side affects VND

• Antidepressant- it regulates the a antidepressant called SSRI (serotonin reputake inhibitors) it treats mood problems that is associated with dementia

• Memantine- Alzheimer's drug that regulate the chemicals that affect how the brain works and it may improve memory and learning

• Antipsychotic Drugs- used to help anxiety, delusions, behavior problems, and sleep problems ( Risperdal and Zyprexa.)

• Doctors can also give medications for hypertension (high blood pressure) heart disease, and diabetes (might contribute to dementia)

• (Medications Used for Dementia | eHow.com)

• Medications Used to Control Dementia

• (Dementia: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS))


Prevention

2)Participate in in stimulating activities-board games reading etc.3 Exercise -It helps maintain hormonal levels and helps the release of chemicals that is needed for the nerves in the brain 4)Scientist are still researching other wayshttp://printstationary.net/signs/images/t1.jpg pic


To Help to Become More Comfortable

• Keep noise activity down

• Have comfortable temperature

• Make sure there is no pain at bedtime

• A night light is helpful

4)in case they wake up in the middle of the night could help with confusion Lizabeth Hardman


Keeping Independence

• You can leave the person by their selves when dementia is in its first stages

• Have a nurse or health care worker stop by frequently

• Pay attention to how the individual is acting

1)with frequent checks from a neighbor or family member2)to make sure they are taking their medications as needed 3) to make sure they aren’t any major changes and if there is make a plan for them to be taken care of

• Lizabeth Hardman 59-60


Maintaing their physical health

• They should keep good Physical health

• Regular aerobic exercise

• Walking or swimming

• Using weights

• Doing Yoga or Tai Chi

2) & 3) increases blood flow to the brain lowers blood pressure and makes the lungs and heart stronger helps with your weight, restlessness, boredom, and helps with depression.4)maintains muscle mass increases strength and metabolism which helps with weight and blood sugar5)creates flexibility which can help prevent falls and injury


• (http://www.caregiver.com/articles/general/activities_people_dementia.htm)


Maintaing Mental Health

• Should be very sociable

• The person can read, play cards, and do paper activities like crosswords or word searches

• Keep a regular daily routine

1)prevents the feeling of being isolated and lonely 2)keeps the mind focus 3)allows them to refresh and and reinforce the pattern of their behavior every day



Caring for people with Dementia

• Can be overwhelming

• Frustrating

• Very emotional

• (http://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=891)


Calm Down and take a break

• Try counting from one to ten

• Take deep breaths

• Leave the room for a second and take a break

• (http://www.caregiver.org/caregiver/jsp/content_node.jsp?nodeid=891)


Cont..

• Ask for help

• Communicate with the person who is receiving the care

• Be sure to do for yourself

1)so that you don’t feel overwhelmed and like you have to do everything by yourself 2)It will make it easier3)


Make it Easier

• Family disease

• Adaptive

• Make a name tag or ID badge

•

1)It’s is called a family disease because usually a child, spouse, or family member is the one providing the day to day care2)You need to learn how to adapt to new things (what works today might not work the next day)3)include their name, illness, and telephone number(http://www.agis.com/Eldercare-Basics/Mental-and-Physical-Health/Alzheimers/Caring-for-Someone-With-Dementia/)


Application


What I did!!

• Sing along

• Arcadia Department

• Evaluation

• Talked to Meng about the facility

1) we bought people from the lower level 2)We went back to the lower level and did things like sayings, puzzles, put it back in the right spot, read, dominos (math), 3)we wrote down who was active and who participated and who didn’t, and how people responded


we would tell them the shape has one hole and show them that a certain section had one rod and let them put it on there



numbers game it was math you place the domino with the same amount of dots on the paper with the rectangle with the same amount of dots


small but big enough to stimulate their mind


Activity

• I let you feel ten objects in the beginning of the class and tell you what they are then i will do the same at the end without telling what it is to see if you remember


Works Cited

•

•

Lizabeth Hardman 61-62

• Health reference series pg. 98)

• (http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=search&d…licationId=&urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS

%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B167305238 Page 1 of 2)

7) http://www.consumerreports.org/health/conditions-and-treatments/dementia/what-is-it/risk-factors.htm


Works Cited

• Health reference series 99)

• Lizabeth Hadman 62-63

• How Does Dementia Affect Your Brain?) - ))Blurtit

• Health reference series pg. 114-116

• (Jennifer Hay) 73-79


Works cited

• Dementia Treatment & Prevention Options - OmniMedicalSearch.com

(http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementias/detail_dementia.htm#1484719213


Documents

Dementia powerpoint