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E n er gy S ystem s

DES UPS introduction

UPS training June 2006Markus Schwab

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E n er gy S ystem s

Why Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)?

Power Failure Backup Power

Over VoltageUnder Voltage Buck Voltage

Boost Voltage

ProtectionSurge

Power SagNoise

Transient

VariationHarmonic

Adjust

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E n er gy S ystem sDifferent UPS architectures

Off-Line(Passive Standby)

Line-Interactive

UPS Type

On-Line(Double Conversion)

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Charger

Utility

SwitchLoad

Off-Line UPS

BatteryInverter

Block Diagram

Filter

Utility is normal: UPS output is equal to utility but through noise filterOver or under voltage: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load Inverter Output: Stepped sinewaveCapacity: 350VA ~ 1500VA

Normal

Power event

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E n er gy S ystem s Off-Line UPS

PC, Terminal

peripherals

Fax Machine

Cashier

Desk Lamp

Application

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Block Diagram

Line-Interactive UPS

Battery

Load

Utility

AVR

Inverter

Filter

Utility is normal: UPS output is equal to utility but through noise filterOver or Under Voltage: AVR activates to adjust the utilityUtility too high or two low: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load Output: Pure Sinewave or Stepped SinewaveCapacity: 350VA ~ 3000VA

Switch

Normal

Power event

Normal charger

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E n er gy S ystem s Line-Interactive UPS

High Level PC

Workstation

LAN

Hub

Application

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Block Diagram

Load

On-Line UPS

Utility

Battery

InverterAC to DC

Filter

Utility within operation range: UPS supplies clean, undisturbed power via inverterUtility too low or too high: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load Output: Pure SinewaveCapacity: 1000VA ~ 200KVA

Bypass

Switch

Normal

Power event

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E n er gy S ystem s On-Line UPS

IDC, Server

RAID, MIS Facility

Industrial Equipment

Enterprise

Application

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OFF-LINE LINE

INTERACTIVE ON-LINE

I/P Normal Utility Utility Input Inverter

I/P Over or Under

Battery Inverter

AVR Input Inverter

I/P Out of range

Battery Inverter

Battery Inverter

Battery Inverter

Output tolerance

Big Small Under 2%

Transfer Time <10 ms <10 ms Zero

Cost Lowest Low Higher

Architecture Simpler Simple More complex

Comparison between different architectures

Delta Energy Systems UPS product line

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E n er gy S ystem sExtended runtime

LoadUtility

Battery

InverterAC to DC

Filter

Bypass

Switch

Battery

External battery can be connected to extend backup time Available for whole DES product range

features onl

ine UPS

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E n er gy S ystem s Bypass types

Automatic bypass: In case of low battery or UPS fault the load will be transferred to bypass Available for whole DES product range

Manual bypass: Manual switch to power output during maintenance of the UPS Built in for J 7-11kVA, H and NT series

InverterAC to DC

Bypass

Automatic Bypass Load

Manual Bypass

features onl

ine UPS

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E n er gy S ystem s Dual input

The UPS can be connected to two separate AC sources to increase system reliability.

Built in for J 7-11kVA and NT series (H series optional)

Utility B

Utility A

Battery

InverterAC to DC

Filter

Bypass

Switch

features onl

ine UPS

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E n er gy S ystem s Hot standby

InverterAC to DC

Bypass

Switch

InverterAC to DC

Bypass

Switch

One UPS output connects to another UPS’s bypass input source Two paths that provide loads backup protection -> increased reliability Possible with dual input UPS (J 7-11kVA and NT series, H series optional)

Load

features onl

ine UPS

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E n er gy S ystem s Parallel UPS

Switch

Parallel UPS to: extend capacity or provide N+1 redundancy Available for NT series

UPS 1

UPS 2

UPS N+1

To loads

features onl

ine UPS

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E n er gy S ystem s Economic Mode

Load

Battery

InverterAC to DC

Filter

Bypass normal

Switch

In ECO mode the load is powered by the bypass path Energy saving Some transfer time in case of mains failure (< 10ms) Available for J7-11kVA and H series single phase models

features onl

ine UPS

Utility

© 2023年4月19日 Delta Energy Systems

E n er gy S ystem s

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Clarification about EMC standards

Generic UPS standard Telecom standard

Old:EN50091

New:IEC62040

EN300386

B = C1 = B J 1-2kVA

A = C2 = A N series, J3-7-9-11kVA

A (A+) = C3 = --- H and NT series

A+ / C3 : For UPS models > 16Amps ~10-20 dBs more are allowed in the generic UPS product standard. Does not exist in Telecom norm and did lead to confusion in the past

Note: The term A+ is not an official term, officially it is class A also, but for currents > 16Amps the limits are higher.

Clarify requirements

in the beginning of a

project

© 2023年4月19日 Delta Energy Systems

E n er gy S ystem s

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Key design parameters for UPS project

Load requirements - kVA / kW (kW = kVA x Power factor)

- number of phases

- voltage rating

EMC requirements (UPS standards / Telecom standards)

Required backup time

Verify external transient protection (same as with other products, see ‘Generic installation manual for power systems’)

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Comparison UPS – Inverter system

Advantages UPS: Large range of load power ratings available (1 – 800kVA) The UPS you can integrate into a network of IT equipment and:

- use extensive monitoring features- perform sequential equipment shutdown in backup mode, etc.

Advantages Inverter system: Redundancy can be built Can be powered from DC power system (mixed AC and DC

system) Fulfils all telecom standards

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Thank You!