DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES: MANAGING THE …

*DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES:

MANAGING THE OUTCOMES

ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Prof. Geoffrey Wahungu

Director General, NEMA

Kenya Institute of planners

Annual Planners conference

Travellers Beach Hotel, Mombasa

10th October 2018

Presentation outline

1. Kenya’s development blue print

2. Development and environment

3. Legal framework for environment management

4. Safeguarding the environment for Kenya’s growth

5. NEMA’s tools and strategies for delivering the big 4

Kenya’s Development Vision

• Kenya’s development blue print – Vision 2030, aspires the country to be industrialized with high quality of life by 2030

• The big 4 seek to accelerate the realization of aspirations of vision 2030 by: Accelerating industrial growth by scaling up manufacturing (9.2-20% )

Enhancing food and nutrition security through improved agriculture and related value chains

Achieving universal health coverage through affordable and accessible health care, and finally

Affordable housing through delivery of 500,000 new homes.

• The big 4 are expected to bolster strong inclusive economic growth.

Development & environment

• Kenya’s Economy is directly linked to the integrity of the

environment and its ecosystems.

Tourism is highly dependent on wildlife, biodiversity, coastal landscape and sea scape and their resources.

Kenya’s ‘water towers’ provide recharge to rivers, providing water for wildlife, industrial and domestic use, agriculture and HEP production and maintains the hydrological cycle

• The Country depends on these ecological goods and services as its Natural Capital.

• Integration of Environmental considerations will therefore be critical in the achievement and sustainability of the big 4

Development & environment

• Any development endeavor has some impact on the

environment

• Industrialization, manufacturing, agriculture, housing

& human settlements impact the environment

• Projects under the big 4 will also have some

impacts on the environment

The Big 4 & environment

• Some potential impacts on the environment:

Pressure on ecosystems - overexploitation of

finite resources to support manufacturing

Soil exhaustion, Salinization, use of

agrochemicals in agriculture

Increased energy demand and waste generation

by industry, agriculture and human settlements

The Big 4 & climate change

• The global community is now alive to the impacts of climate change

• Climate change and its impacts poses greatest threat to humanity and threatens livelihoods, food security and human health.

• Manufacturing, agricultural activities, livestock production, human settlements & housing contribute to climate change.

• This vicious cycle is brought by demand for energy, raw materials & waste generation


• Some proposed flagship projects are high risk & require adequate safeguards to protect people and environment.

Include agro-processing; fish processing; leather tanning and apparel processing; oil, mining and gas; iron and steel processing

• Putting additional land under crop production and intensification of agriculture to achieve food and nutritional security may add into the country’s carbon footprint.


• Manufacturing sector is one source of Short

lived climate pollutants(SLCP)

• Statistics show that there has been a steady

increase in emissions of SLCP from the

manufacturing, industrial and transport

sectors

• SLCP impact on human health increasing

burden of disease

So, how does Kenya plan to achieve her development aspirations and the big 4 agenda while at the same time ensuring a clean, healthy and secure environment for her people?

Constitution & environment

• Kenya’s constitution 2010 guarantees the right to a

clean and healthy environment.

• This right is reinforced by EMCA CAP 387 which

lays out the legal framework for environmental

protection in Kenya

• The government and NEMA in particular are

therefore committed to ensuring that citizens enjoy

this right and the environment is protected for present

and future generations.

Safeguarding the environment for Kenya’s growth

• GOK acknowledges the importance of

safeguarding the environment for national growth

as evidenced by the country’s various national

development plans.

• The country prepared its first National

Environment Action Plan (NEAP) in 1994.

• It is worth noting that the enactment of EMCA,

1999 and the establishment of NEMA was

informed by NEAP of 1994.

Available safeguards for environmental sustainability for the big four

EMCA AND THE CONSTITUTION

• Offer the greatest assurance for the protection of the

right to a clean and healthy environment

• Also bestows the duty to safeguard and enhance the

environment on every person in Kenya.

• Also provides for compensation for any victim of

pollution and the cost of beneficial uses lost due to

environmental degradation

Available safeguards for environmental sustainability for the big four

EMCA principles as environmental safeguards for the big 4

• Public participation in the development of policies, plans and processes for the management of the environment serves as a safeguard against decisions that may be injurious to the public and the environment

• The polluter-pays principle

• The pre-cautionary principle

• Access to information

• Intergenerational equity

NEMA tools and strategies for delivering the big 4

1. The Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA)

process

• Developed to address challenges of inadequacy of

EIA to deal with cumulative, synergistic, secondary

and long term impacts arising from policies, plans

and programmes (PPP).

• The big four is a policy imperative and its

implementation will be subjected to the SEA

process


2. Environmental Impact Assessment • Individual projects will be subjected to the EIA

process

• Potential impacts will be identified, appropriate

mitigation actions and environmental management and

monitoring plan prepared.

• The licensing conditions issued by NEMA will be

monitored periodically.

• NEMA has now cancelled the EIA report submission

fees which used to be 0.1% cost of the project in order to make it easy/cheap to invest in Kenya


3. AIR QUALITY REGULATIONS, 2013

• The air quality regulations provide an opportunity

to address pollution from both stationery and

mobile sources.

• The act sets limits for emissions and seeks to

protect the public from harmful emissions

• NEMA monitors stack emissions from industries

• Manufacturing under the Big 4 will be subjected

to emission monitoring .


4. Environmental Auditing process

• The projects under the big four will be subjected to

annual and periodic environmental Audits

5. Other Environmental Licensing

• NEMA will issue conditional licenses that will be

monitored regularly to ensure compliance, e.g

Waste transport, effluent discharge, Controlled

substances etc


6. Environmental Incident Management

• NEMA will step in to address any environmental

incidence that May arise during the various stages

of implementation of the big four.

• Strengthened capacity of Rapid Environmental

Response Unit (RERU) for timely response to

avert impact on people and environment


7. Environmental Education and Awareness

• Aim to Safeguard public wellbeing and enlist allies

in environmental protection.

• To be done during the various phases of

implementation of the projects under the big four.


8. Scaling up of cleaner production and industrial

symbiosis

• Manufacturing pillar will benefit greatly from

cleaner production and industrial symbiosis

currently being promoted and piloted by Kenya

Cleaner production centre (KCPC)


9. Promotion of voluntary environmental sustainability

measures

• NEMA has gained valuable experience in promoting environmental sustainability among Ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs). Performance contracting secretariat has now accepted Environmental activities by MDAs as one of the appraisal criteria and NEMA does the reporting

• Lessons learnt will be implemented under the big four to ensure environmental protection, reduced carbon footprint and sustainability of the projects


10. Accreditation under the Adaptation Fund (AF) and

Green Climate funds (GCF)

• NEMA got accredited with GCF on 9th March

2016, 5th in Africa, 9th Globally (direct access)

• Can submit as many proposals but with 10 USD

capping

• Accreditation provides opportunity to mobilize

resources to address climate change

• Currently supporting communities cope with

climate change through Ksh 1B AF funding


11. Plan to develop Economic Instruments(EI) for

Environmental Management

Instruments that can be used to control environmental

damage include:

• Environmental damage taxes, charges and levies, such

as emission charges, environmental protection

charges, and development taxes;

• Performance bonds and guarantees, e.g. for

rehabilitation or waste management;

• Subsidies and bounties; and

• Tax concessions and rebates;

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BIG FOUR

A number of strategies and action plans exist that will

inform the implementation of the big four

1. The Green economy strategy and implementation

plan 2016-2030

2. National Environment Action Plan (NEAP 2018-

2024)

3. National Solid Waste Management Strategy

4. Plastics ban initiative

The Green economy strategy and implementation plan (GESIP) 2016-2030

Contains strategies aimed at accelerating transition towards a globally competitive low carbon development path way

Contributes towards implementation of the Paris agreement on climate change and attainment of SDGs

Embeds the principles of sustainable development in the overall national development pathway

The strategy focuses on five thematic areas namely: sustainable infrastructure development, building resilience, sustainable natural resources management, resource efficiency, social inclusion & sustainable livelihood

National environment action plan (NEAP 2018-2024)

The overall goal of the National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) 2018-2024 is ‘To attain environmental stewardship, environmental sustainability and maintain a transformational and participatory approach to Natural resource use and environmental management by 2024’.

The four strategic goal areas of the plan cover Environmental stewardship, Environmental Sustainability, Environmental transformation and Devolution of environment

The NEAP has profiled each of the sectors under the big four, identified associated environmental challenges and proposed solutions

National Solid Waste Management Strategy, 2014

Seeks to systematically improve waste management in

Kenya

Efficient and sustainable waste management systems

required as the country develops into a newly

industrialized state by 2030

Proposes integrated solid waste management for the

country

Roots for a 7R oriented society - by Reducing;

Rethinking; Refusing; Recycling; Reusing; Repairing

and Refilling waste

Plastics ban initiative

The plastics ban initiative has been in force for over a

year now

Enforcement of the ban under the big 4 will ensure that

environment & public health are protected

Conclusion

• Currently NEMA is giving priority to projects within the big four

• Has deployed resources to ensure timely review and feedback for SEA and EIAs within the four priority sectors

• NEMA /GOK have also developed systems, strategies and action plans that will ensure environmental sustainability of projects under the big 4

• NEMA calls upon all stakeholders to join hands to ensure environmental health and sustainability of projects under the big 4.

THANK YOU

Q & A

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DELIVERING THE BIG FOUR PROMISES: MANAGING THE …