Delineation Section 10 PAVEMENT ARROWS · These arrows are for use in urban and rural situations. (a) ... or where additional information for road users on lane ... Delineation –

Delineation

Section 10

PAVEMENT ARROWS

Special Note:

As from 17 January 2011, Roads and Maritime Services is adopting the Austroads Guides (Guide to Traffic Management) and Australian Standards (AS 1742, 1743 & 2890) as its primary technical references.

A Roads and Maritime Supplement has been developed for each Part of the Guide to Traffic Management and relevant Australian Standard. The Supplements document any mandatory Roads and Maritime practice and any complementary guidelines which need to be considered.

Roads and Maritime Supplements must be referred to prior to using any reference material.

This Roads and Maritime document is a complementary guideline. Therefore, if any conflict arises, the Roads and Maritime Supplements, the Austroads Guides and the Australian Standards are to prevail.

Roads and Maritime Supplements are located on the Roads and Maritime website at www.rms.nsw.gov.au

Version 1.3 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

ii Version 1.3

Roads and Maritime Services www.rms.nsw.gov.au

VERSION: 1.3 ISSUED: July 2014

AMENDMENTS: Refer to Amendment Record APPROVED BY: SIGNED SIGNED

Phil Margison Michael de Roos General Manager General Manager Traffic Management Safer Roads

AUTHORISED FOR USE BY: SIGNED

Peter Collins Director Network Management

© 2009 Roads and Traffic Authority NSW

Extracts from these guidelines may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged.

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Delineation – Section 10 Pavement Arrows

Version 1.3 iii UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

Contents

10.1 General ..............................................................................................10-1

10.2 Use .....................................................................................................10-3

10.3 Types .................................................................................................10-3

10.4 Spacing ..............................................................................................10-5

10.5 Application of arrows.......................................................................10-5

10.5.1 Intersection arrows .........................................................................................10-5

10.5.2 Angled arrows...................................................................................................10-6

10.5.3 Pavement arrows for reinforcing wrong-way movements .....................10-8

10.5.4 U-turn arrows...................................................................................................10-9

10.5.5 Sequential turns arrow................................................................................. 10-10


iv Version 1.3 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

Amendment record Please note that the following updates have been made to this document. Amendment

No Page Description Issued Approved By

1 10-4 Position of initial pavement arrow altered.

December 2010

R O’Keefe Mgr Traffic Policies, Guidelines & Legislation

2 All Adoption of AS1742.2, Pavement arrows.

March 2014 R O’Keefe Mgr Traffic Policies, Guidelines & Legislation

3 All Change of name and logos to Roads and Maritime Services (formerly the Roads and Traffic Authority).

July 2014 W Wilson A/PM Policy, Research & Legislation

10-3, 4, 10 & 11

Clearer images of Australian Standard arrows inserted.


Version 1.3 10-1 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

10.1 General

The following practice must now be adopted for the implementation of all pavement

arrow markings:

New Projects

Installation of pavement arrow markings for new projects must be in accordance with

the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures 5.9, 5.10 and 5.11. Pavement arrow types, uses

and shapes are illustrated in Table 10.0 and also in Roads and Maritime Specifications

R141 / R145.

Reconstruction

If a pavement is newly reconstructed or resurfaced, then the pavement arrow

markings must be installed in accordance with the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures

5.9, 5.10 and 5.11. Pavement arrow types, uses and shapes are illustrated in Table 10.0

and also in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.

Maintenance

Where any pavement arrow marking has been removed due to pavement resurfacing

works, it must be reinstated in accordance with the Australian Standard 1742.2 figures

5.9, 5.10, 5.11 and also Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145. Untouched

arrows are not to be changed.

Where any existing pavement arrow marking requires remarking due to routine

marking maintenance, it must be remarked with the same pavement arrow shape that

it is covering.


10-2 Version 1.3

Table 10.0: Arrows – types, uses and shapes (AS1742.2, Figure 5.8)



10.2 Use

Pavement arrows are used to:

(a) Promote correct lane usage by designating movements which must legally be

made at an intersection by drivers entering from marked lanes

(b) Indicate correct use of lanes in diverge areas

(c) Supplement signing for lane drops and merges

(d) Promote safe and courteous behaviour by cyclists and pedestrians

10.3 Types

10.3.1 Arrows

These arrows are for use in urban and rural situations.

(a) Straight ahead (b) Combination – straight

ahead and turn (c) Exclusive turn

NOTES: 1 Minimum length of arrow:

Straight ahead arrow and combined arrow = 6 m. Turn arrow = 4 m.

2 The width of grid squares is constant at 100 mm. The height of the grid is 100 mm minimum.

AS1742.2, Figure 5.9



10-4 Version 1.3

(a) Double turn

arrow (b) U-turn

arrow (c) 45° turn

arrow (d) Sequential turns

arrow

NOTES: 1 Minimum length of arrow:

(a) Double turn arrow = 4 m. (b) U-turn arrow = 5 m. (c) Sequential turns and 45° turn arrows = 6 m.

2 The width of grid squares is constant at 100 mm. The height of the grid is 100 mm minimum.

AS1742.2, Figure 5.10

10.3.2 Arrow lengths The maximum lengths of pavement arrows for urban and rural situations are:

• Straight ahead – 6 metres • Combination straight ahead and turn – 4 metres • Exclusive turn – 4 metres • Double turn – 4 metres • U-turn – 5 metres • 45º turn – 6 metres • Sequential turn – 6 metres




10.4 Spacing

Arrow spacing shall be as per AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime Specifications

R141 / R145. The dimensional proportions of letters and numerals should be as

shown in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.

10.5 Application of arrows

10.5.1 Intersection arrows

Intersection pavement arrows give a positive indication of the paths vehicles

must follow at intersections. They are legally enforceable.

10.5.1.1 Types and Use

The choice of and need for intersection pavement arrow markings shall be

determined as set out in AS1742.2. This is based on the following

requirements:

(a) Where all the manoeuvres that are permitted by traffic

legislation are to be allowed from a marked traffic lane, arrow

markings need not be provided.

(b) If any of the manoeuvres that are permitted by traffic legislation

are not to be allowed from a marked traffic lane, those

manoeuvres which are to be allowed shall be marked with

pavement arrows.

(c) Where any arrow is required in a lane, all manoeuvres that are

to be permitted from that lane shall be marked with pavement

arrows.

(d) Not withstanding the provisions in (a) where it is considered

desirable for safety or other considerations to mark arrows

indicating the legally permitted manoeuvres from that lane, e.g.

to emphasise that a turn is not permitted from a lane adjacent to

an exclusive turn lane (e.g. Bus lane) by marking with a straight

ahead arrow, these arrow markings may be provided. However,

such markings should be restricted to those sites where it is

found to be necessary after observance of the intersections

performance in the field.


10-6 Version 1.3 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

(e) If any lane on the approach to an intersection is to be designated

by means of arrows, at least three arrows should be placed in

that lane to increase the probability of detection, with the first

arrow located 6 m clear distance from the stop or holding line

(if any) or intersection boundary.

(f) Where a turning lane is provided to cater exclusively for U-

turns, and it is essential to distinguish it from a right turning lane

before or after, the U-turn arrow may be used. If the distinction

is not needed, a right turn arrow will usually be sufficient. Refer

10.5.4.

(g) Where two separate successive turns in the same direction may

be made from a single turning lane, the sequential turns arrow

may be used in advance of the first turn. Refer 10.5.5.

10.5.1.2 Size and spacings

Standard designs for intersection arrows, size and spacing shall be as shown

in AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145.

Where a traffic lane in which arrow markings are required is not of

sufficient length to enable provision of three arrows at the normal spacing,

the arrow spacing may be reduced to half. If it is necessary to reduce the

spacing to less than 15 m then the number of arrows may be reduced. If

there are no arrow markings in adjacent lanes, the spacing may be further

reduced to enable three arrows to be provided.

At intersections where queues of vehicles are likely to occur, e.g. at traffic

signals, pavement arrows should commence sufficiently in advance of the

intersection so that waiting vehicles will not obscure them. Where this is

not practicable, or where additional information for road users on lane

designation is required, signs (e.g. ‘left lane must turn left’) adjacent to or

over the appropriate lanes should be installed to supplement the pavement

arrows.

10.5.2 Angled arrows

Angled pavement arrows shall be limited to situations where drivers may

have difficulty anticipating the merge or lane drop ahead. For example a

merge is partially hidden by a crest or around a curve, or by other traffic

(see Section 10.5.2.2).


10.5.2.1 Types

Angled pavement arrows shall have two different shapes and dimensions

and shall conform to the designs given in AS1742.2 and Roads and Maritime

Specifications R141 / R145. The urban type is to be used where the

signposted speed is less than 80 km/h, and the rural type where it is 80km/h

or more.

AS1742.2, Figure 5.11



10-8 Version 1.3 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

10.5.2.2 Use

Angled pavement arrows shall be provided under the following conditions:

1. All lane drop situations (i.e. where there is a continuity line) on

freeways.

2. Lane drop situation (where there is continuity line) on other roads,

and:

a. sight distance is restricted such that the sign 'Form 1 Lane'

is not in view when approaching a 'Left Lane Ends’ sign; or

b. where the shoulder width adjacent to the taper area is less

than 3 m wide; or

c. where a particular site has an accident history involving

drivers failing to recognise a lane drop; or

d. fatigue is a major contributory factor in the accident

history.

3. It should however be ensured that the effectiveness of the length of

overtaking lane is not severely restricted by introduction of angled

pavement arrows. Angled pavement arrows are not recommended in

overtaking lanes whose lengths are less than the recommended lengths

in the Austroads Guide to Road Design or in Roads and Maritime

Supplements to the guide.

4. Refer to Section 18.2 for details of angled pavement arrow application.

10.5.3 Pavement arrows for reinforcing wrong-way movements

Pavement arrows may be used where wrong way movements are a

demonstrated or potential problem (e.g. at intersections with dual

carriageway roads or at staged terminations). The shape and dimensions of

one-way arrows are shown in Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 /

R145. Raised pavement markers (reflective - red) are used to supplement

this arrow.


Specification R141, Figure 13

10.5.4 U-turn arrows

U-turn pavement arrows shall be limited to traffic control signals with U-

turn phase or dedicated U-turn only lanes.

10.5.4.1 Types

U-turn arrows shapes and dimensions shall conform to the designs given in

Australian Standard 1742.2, Figure 5.10 and Roads and Maritime

Specifications R141 / R145. The maximum length of the arrow for urban

and rural situations is 5 metres.



10-10 Version 1.3

(b) U-turn arrow

AS1742.2, Figure 5.10

10.5.5 Sequential turns arrow

Sequential turns arrows are used where drivers are permitted to do

sequential turns from the same marked traffic lane. For example turns into

closely spaced streets/roads from the same extended turn lane. The

sequential turns arrow would only be used prior to each turn other than

the final turn, with normal turn arrows used for the final turn. The shape

and dimensions of sequential turns arrows are given in AS1742.2 Figure

5.10 and Roads and Maritime Specifications R141 / R145. The maximum

length of the arrow for urban and rural situations is 6 metres.



(d) Sequential turns arrow

AS1742.2, Figure 5.10


Documents

Delineation Section 10 PAVEMENT ARROWS · These arrows are for use in urban and rural situations. (a) ... or where additional information for road users on lane ... Delineation –