D.El.Ed. Title 505-BLOCK 3====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/13608/course...ˆòy›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò 2 D.El.Ed. 505 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÈÈÙÙÙÈ9

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ !ü«˛yÎ˚ !mÓy!°Ï≈Ñ˛ !v˛ Ï≤’yõyDIPLOMA IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

(D.El.Ed)

ˆÑ˛y¢≈ ÙÈ 505

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ !üÖò

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ 3

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ õyòyAÑ˛òñ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Óâ˛òy ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò

Ó˚yT …#Î˚ õ%=˛ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚# !ü«˛y ¢ÇfiÌyò

A-24/25 ≤Ã!ì˛¤˛y!òÑ˛ ~úyÑ˛yñ ˆ¢Ñ˛›˛Ó˚ÈÙÈ62, òÎ˚v˛y

ˆÜÔì˛õ Ó%Âï òÜÓ˚ñ £zv˛z !˛ôÈÙÈ201309

Á ÏÎ˚Ó ¢y£z›˛ ı www.nios.ac.in

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆÑ˛w ˆ›˛yú !ö ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ ı 1800 180 9393

£zÈÙÈˆõú ı [email protected]

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 1 ı

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ Ü%Ó%c


~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ È3 ı

˛≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ˚˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚

õ Ïòyhfl Ïy!_¥Ñ˛Üì˛ ïyÓíy


≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ

˛ôy‡˛ƒ¢)â˛#



˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚!ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò

˛ôÂï!ì˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 7 ı~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ È8 ı

˛˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy!üÖòÈÙÈ!ü«˛í v z ôÑ˛Óí


˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓõ)úƒyÎò

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 10

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓõ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ôÂï!ì˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 11

!üü%Ó v z ôú!kï!Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ ãòƒõ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ (EVS)

!ü«˛í !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ïyÓ˚òy


˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ !ü«˛íñÈÈ

!üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ Á ≤Ã ÏÎyÜ

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚

!ü«˛yÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ

˛ô!ÓÑ˛“òy

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ õ)úƒyÎò


˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ Ü%Ó%c

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˛ôy‡˛Ñ õ Á

!üü% õ Ïòyhfl Ï_¥


˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !üÖò

ˆÑ˛y¢≈ - 505 ôy‡˛Üì˛ õyò!â˛e ïyÓ˚íy

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ !üÖò

ÓœÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛Ó òyõ ì˛_¥Üì˛ !ü«˛yÓ ¢õÎ ≤Ãy ÏÎy!ÜÑ˛ !ü«˛y

!Ó°ÏÎ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛úy˛ô

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ1 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ1 ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ 3 2 NCF 2005, ~ÓÇ òì% ò

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ Ü%Ó%c ˛ôy‡˛ƒ˛ô%hfl˛ÏÑ˛ xò%ÎyÎ˚# ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ Ü%Ó%c !Óîƒy xò%ïyÓò Ñ˛Óy

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ2 ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ !ü«˛íñÈÈ

!üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ Á ≤Ã ÏÎyÜ

4 2 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy £ú !õ◊ !Ó°ÏÎ Î›˛y

!ÓK˛yò ¢õyã!Óîƒyñ ~ÓÇ ô!Ó ÏÓü

!Óîƒy ÏÑ˛ ~Ñ˛¢y ÏÌ ¢¡ô!Ñ≈ì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ–

˛≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ˚˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓõ Ïòyhfl Ïy!_¥Ñ˛Üì˛ ïyÓíy

5ºõí x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ xyÌ≈

¢yõy!ã ÏÑ˛Ó õ)ú!Ó®%Üì˛ !üÖ ÏòÓ

!ò!î≈T˛ ¢õ¢ƒyÜ%!ú

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ3 3

≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ hfl Ï ÏÓ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ ôy‡˛ƒ¢)â˛#

4 ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚

!¶˛!_Ñ˛ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ4 2

ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ2

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚

˛ôy‡˛Ñ ˛õ Á !üü%

õ Ïòyhfl Ï_¥

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚ (EVS)

!ü«˛í !üÖ ÏòÓ ïyÓòy4

£yˆÏì˛ òyˆ Ïì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Üì˛ òì%˛ò

!ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖ ÏòÓ ïyÓíy~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ5 2

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ!ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ôÂï!ì˛

5 ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò

¢yõ@˘Ã#Ó v zß#ì˛Ñ˛Óí–~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ6 4

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !ü«˛yÓ

!üÖ ÏòÓ ˛ô!ÓÑ˛“òy

4~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ7 4

˛˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy!üÖòÈÙÈ!ü«˛í v z ôÑ˛Óí

3~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ8 3

˛ô!Ó ˚ˆ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚õ)úƒyÎò

4~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ9 3ÓœÑ˛ÈÙÈ3

˛ ô ! Ó ˚ ˆ Ï Óü !Óî ƒ y

!ü«˛yÓ õ)úƒyÎò˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓõ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ôÂï!ì˛

4~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ10 3

˛!üü%Ó v z ôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì Ñ˛Ó ÏíÓãòƒ õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ

3~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ11 4

ˆÑ !v˛›˛ ˛ô ÏÎr›˛ (4 = 3 + 1)

!ü«˛íˆõy›˛

¢Ó≈ Ïõy›˛

15

58 32 30

58 + 32 + 30 = 120 hrs.

ÓœÑ˛ È ÙÈ 3

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ õyòyAÑ˛òñ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Óâ˛òy

~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò

ÓœÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È 9 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È10 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÈÎ ÏòÓ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È11 ˛!üü%Ó v z ôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó ÏíÓ ãòƒ õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ

ÓœÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛Î˚˛È

ÓœÑ˛ ¶) !õÑ˛y ÈÙÈ 3˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ˚ õyòAÑ˛ò (Assessment), ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò Ó˚â˛òy (Reporting) ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò(Remediation)

[Assessment, Reporting and Remediation in EVS]

Unit IX

Assessing Learning

in EVS

Block-3

Assessment, reporting and

Remediation in EVS

Unit XI Unit X

Using Assessment Results Tools and Techniques for

for Enhancement of Assessing Learning in

Students’ Understanding EVS

~£z ÓœÑ˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y Îy !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● !üÖò v z ÏjüƒÜ%!úÓ˚ ¢y ÏÌ õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ fiÌy˛ôò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛[Relate Learning objectives with Assessment]

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ Óí≈òy !îˆÏì˛ (describe different processes of ensuring stu-

dents’ learning)

● !üÖò v z ô ÏÎyÜ# !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#/v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôü ÏúÓ˚ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ ÏÓò– (Explain

different types of tools and techniques for assessing learning)

● !üÖò ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ãòƒ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úÜ%!úÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò– (Use the

essestial results for enhancing students’ Understanding)

~£z ÓœÑ˛ ˛ôyˆÏ‡˛Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ˆÎ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xÓ!£ì˛ £ˆÏÓò ì˛y £ú õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íyñõyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛ˆÏúÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !òõ≈yí ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛y !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚

!üÖò e%!›˛Ü%!úÓ˚ ÎÌyÎÌ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò (Remediation) Ñ˛Ó˚y– õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ (Assessment) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÈÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ10

!üü%Ó˚ v z ôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚

ãòƒ õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ11

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ õyòyAÑ˛òñ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Ó˚â˛òy ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò

ÓœÑ˛ ÈÙÈ3

~Ñ˛Ñ ÈÙÈ9˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

!üÖò v z Ïjüƒ (Learning Objectives) ~ÓÇ !üÖòõ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ Áì˛ Ï≤Ãyì˛¶˛y ÏÓ ã!v ¸ì˛– õyòyAÑ Ïò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y

!üÖò Ñ˛yˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ¢ö˛úì˛yÓ˚ õyeyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ !òí≈yÎ˚Ñ˛– ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !òõ≈yˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˆÑ˛yò

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !üÖò Ñ˛yˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ¢ö˛úì˛yÓ˚ !Óâ˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy

@˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– Óì≈˛õyò ÓœÑ˛!›˛ˆÏì˛ ~£z !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏòyˆÏÎyÜ xyÑ˛°Ï≈í Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ–

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ 9 : ~£z ~Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ (Assessment Process) ¢ˆÏAÜ ˛ô!Ó˚!â˛ì˛ £ˆÏÓò ~ÓÇ ~!›˛

xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò Ñ˛yˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ¢ö˛úì˛yÓ˚ õyey !òí≈yÎ˚ˆÏò ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ– !üÖò v˛zˆÏjüƒÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ õyòyAÑ˛ò≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ¢¡ôÑ≈ ñ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ü%Ó%cñ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y¢õ)£ ~ÓÇ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ (Learning-Centred) õ)úƒyÎ˚ò £zì˛ƒy!î

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛ˆÏì˛ xyˆÏúyÑ˛˛ôyì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ–

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ 10 : ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ (EVS) ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#/v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚í (Tools) ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôüú

¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ (Techniques) Óí≈òy ~£z xïƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏúy!â˛ì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚– õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íyñ

ˆÑ˛Ôüú ~ÓÇ xòƒyòƒ xyÓüƒÑ˛#Î˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚¢õ)£ ˆÎÜ%!ú xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ v zß¨ì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚Ñ˛ !£¢yˆÏÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò v z Ïjüƒ

!Óâ˛y ÏÓ˚ ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ ~õò ¢õhfl Ï !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚y £ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ–~Ñ˛Ñ˛ 11 : ~£z xïƒyˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ˆÏÓyˆÏïÓ˚ v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ !ÓïyˆÏò õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ö˛úyö˛ú !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v˛z˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £Î˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íy ˆîÁÎ˚y £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ– ~ÖyˆÏò ˆîÖyˆÏòy £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò ˆÑ˛Ôüú ˆÎõò ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏò

(reporting) !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃÜ!ì˛ (Progress) ~ÓÇ î%Ó≈úì˛y !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎˆÏÌy˛ôÎ%=˛ ˛ôÎ≈yˆÏúyâ˛òy (Reviewing) ~ÓÇ

¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïy ÏòÓ˚ (Remediation) õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ≤ÃˆÏâ˛T˛yÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢ö˛úì˛yÓ˚ !îˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò–

!Ó°ÏÎ¢)â˛#

Ñ !õÑ˛ ¢ÇÖƒy ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛Ó òyõ ˛ô,¤˛y ¢ÇÖƒy

1 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È9 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò 2

2 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È10 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ 16

3 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ È11 ˛!üü%Ó v z ôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó ÏíÓ ãòƒ õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ 33

ˆòy›˛

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò

2 D.El.Ed. 505

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÈÈÙÙÙÈ9 ı ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò

Ñ˛y‡˛y Ïõy

9.0 – ¶) !õÑ˛y

9.1 – !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ

9.2 – ˛˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ !ü«˛yÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ ¢ ÏAÜ x!ß∫ì˛⁄

9.3 – !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ≤Ã ÏÎyãò#Îì˛y Ñ˛#⁄

9.3.1 – !òí≈yÎÑ˛ïõ≈# ~ÓÇ !ò Ïî≈üòyõ)úÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎò

9.3.2 – õyòyAÑ˛ò !ü«˛ ÏíÓÁ !òí≈yÎÑ˛

9.4 – !òÓÓ!FäÈß ~ÓÇ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎò

9.5 – õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ ı xyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛/!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ ~ÓÇ xyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛/x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛

9.5.1 – õyòyAÑ˛ò ı Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈#/≤Ãy!hs˘˛Ñ˛

9.6 – ˛v zßì˛õy ÏòÓ õyòyAÑ˛ò !Ñ˛Ó) Ï ô Ñ˛Óy ÎyÎ⁄

9.7 – !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò

9.7.1 – fl ∫ÈÙÈõyòyAÑ˛ò ~ÓÇ ¢AÜ# õyòyAÑ˛ò

9.7.2 – Ñ õ˛ô%!Oì˛ xì˛#ì˛ á›˛òy¢ÇÑ yhs˘˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô

9.7.3 – ≤ÃÑ˛“ ¢£ ÏÎy ÏÜ õyòyAÑ˛ò

9.7.4 – !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ õyòyAÑ˛ Ïò xÇü@˘Ã£ ÏíÓ Ü%íÜì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!ÓõyíÜì˛ õyòÈÈÈ

9.8 – Ó=˛Óƒ¢yÓ/¢yÓ˚¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô

9.9 – ˛xy˛ôòyÓ ˛ôy‡˛ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ ≤ÃyÆ õ Ïv˛ú v z_Ó¢õ)£

9.10 – ˛≤Ãhfl Ïy!Óì˛ ˛ôy‡˛¢)!â˛ ~ÓÇ ˆÓö˛y ÏÓ Ï™Ó ì˛y!úÑ˛y

9.11 – ˛~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ xò%ü#úò#

9.0 ¶) !õÑ˛y :

õyòyAÑ˛ò ˆÑ˛y Ïòy !Óîƒyú ÏÎÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó !üÖò ˛ô!Ó ÏÓ ÏüÓ ~Ñ˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ xÇü– ˆÑ˛y Ïòy !ü«˛yÌ≈#

~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ ˛ô!ÓÓy ÏÓÓ ¢%Öî%ÉÖ x ÏòÑ˛¢õÎ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ ö˛úyö˛ ÏúÓ myÓy ≤Ã¶˛y!Óì˛ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ–

!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ !òÎ˚!õì˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Ó˚yÖ ÏÓò Îy Ïì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚

˛ôy‡˛ÈÙÈx@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ¢%fl˛ôT˛ ïyÓ˚íy úy¶˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãˆÏò ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !ü«˛í ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚

ˆòy›˛


3505-Block3 : ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !¢Âïyhs˘˛ ˆòÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ÏÑ˛ Î ÏÌT˛ ¢Ç ÏÓîòü#ú

~ÓÇ îy!Î˚cÓyò £ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ– ˆÑ˛y¢≈ 3 ~Ó˚ 4òÇ Óœ ÏÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ¢yïyÓ˚í¶˛yˆÏÓ xyˆÏúy!â˛ì˛

£ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ– Óì≈˛õyˆÏò ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe Ú!Ñ˛Ûñ ÚˆÑ˛òÛ ~ÓÇ Ú!Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓÛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ˆ¢

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò– ~Ñ˛£z¢ˆÏAÜ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe v˛z ôˆÏÎyÜ# !Ó!¶˛ß¨

õyòyAÑ˛ò ¢yïò#/v z ôÑ˛Óí (tools) ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ (techniques) ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Á ~Öy Ïò xy Ïúyâ˛òy

Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏÓ–

9.1 !üÖò x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ/v z ÏjüƒÜ%!ú

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ôy‡˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏú xy˛ôòyÓ˚y Îy ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !òÓ˚!Ó!FäÈß¨ ~ÓÇ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò (CCE) ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ v˛zîy£Ó˚í !îˆÏì˛

˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆÎõò !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (formal) ~ÓÇ x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (Informal), Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛

(Formative) ~ÓÇ ¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈# (Summative) õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ì˛yÍ˛ôÎ≈ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# õ)úƒyÎ˚ò xò%ü#úˆÏòÓ˚ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ ¢ˆÏõì˛ ì˛y!úÑ˛y ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

!üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ (Learning centred) !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyòyAÑ˛ò ˛ôrÌy Óy õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ó˚#!ì˛Ó˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚/xò%ü#úò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ ÏÓò–

9.2 ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ

õyòyAÑ˛ò !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ x!ß∫ì˛⁄

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ â˛yÓ˚˛ôyˆÏüÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~Ñ˛!›˛ á!ò¤˛ Órïò/¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ ¢,!T˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚

~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ v z Ïjüƒ– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y ~£z ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Ó˚

ÓrïòˆÏÑ˛ x!ß∫ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ myÓ˚y Ñ, ì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !ü«˛yÜì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ˆÎõò ì˛Ìƒ ¢Ç@˘Ã£ñ ÓƒyÖƒyÑ˛Ó˚íñ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò

!òõ≈yí ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ÎÌyÎÌ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ £zì˛ƒy!îˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !üÖò x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÜ%!ú !Ñ˛ä%È

!üÖò v z ÏjüƒˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛w Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £Î˚– v zîy£Ó˚ífl ∫Ó) ô ÎÖò ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏÑ˛ v zÍ¢y Ï£Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ~ÓÇ !òÎ˚!õì˛¶˛y ÏÓ !ÓîƒyúÎ˚ ≤ÃyAÜ ÏíÓ˚ Üy ÏäÈ ãú !î Ïì˛ ˆî ÏÖòñ

ì˛Öò !ì˛!ò ¢£ˆÏã£z ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !üÖò v zˆÏjˆÏüƒÓ˚ ¢yˆÏ˛ôˆÏ«˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò–

~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ (attitude) ~ÓÇ õ)úƒˆÏÓyˆÏïÓ˚ (Values) !Óâ˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ì§˛yÓ˚ ˛ôˆÏ«˛

¢£ã £ ÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚–

ˆòy›˛


4 D.El.Ed. 505

9.3 !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y Ñ˛#⁄

õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÎ˚Ñ˛!›˛ v z Ïjüƒ £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ Ü%íÜì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚õyòíÜì˛ ˆÓyïÜõƒì˛y ÏÑ˛ ¢«˛õ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚

ˆì˛yúy–

● ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖòÈÙÈö§˛yÑ˛/e%!›˛ !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚

¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚y–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y (feedback) ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ !üÖò v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y

Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ãòƒ ˛ôÓ˚yõü≈ îyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ1

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˛ô) ÏÓ≈ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈò ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ ˆÑ˛yò õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y/˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚

Ñ˛Ìy fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó%ò– ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏò xy˛ô!ò v˛z ôˆÏÓ˚ v˛z!Õ‘!Öì˛ !ì˛ò!›˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ (Points)!Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò ì˛y !òˆÏâ˛ !úÖ%ò–

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9.3.1 !òí≈yÎ˚Ñ˛ïõ≈# ~ÓÇ !ò Ïî≈üÑ˛õ)úÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò/õyòyAÑ˛ò

õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˆÑ˛y Ïòy !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò (teaching-learning)¢õ¢ƒyˆÏ«˛eÜ%!ú !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !üÖò ¢õ¢ƒyÜ%!ú xˆÏòÑ˛ ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚

£ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎõòñ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ¶%˛ú ïyÓ˚íy Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ òy ˛ôyÓ˚yñ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ e%!›˛ £zì˛ƒy!î– ~Ü%!ú

!òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ v˛z Ïjüƒ £ú 3!›˛ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ õ%Öƒ v˛z Ïjüƒ òÎ˚– xÌ≈yÍ

!ü«˛Ñ˛ñ ¢£yÎÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢£˛ôy‡˛# !£¢y ÏÓ xy˛ôòyÓy ÎÖò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ Á î%Ó≈úì˛yÜ%!ú

!òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òñ ì˛Öò xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yã £ú ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖò x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚

(Learning objectives) !î ÏÑ˛ ~!Ü ÏÎ˚ !ò ÏÎ˚ ÎyÁÎ˚y– !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢õ¢ƒy ˆ«˛e !òí≈Î˚£z

≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïy ÏòÓ˚ !ò Ïî≈üÑ˛ £ ÏÎ˚ Á Ï‡˛– xì˛~Óñ Óúy ÎyÎ˚ ˆÎ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe

!ò Ïî≈üòy (guidance) õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ !mì˛#Î˚ xòƒì˛õ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ v˛zˆÏjüƒ–

~Ñ˛ãò ¢ö˛ú !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó Ñ˛y Ïã õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤ÃÑ, ì˛˛ô Ï«˛ !òí≈yÎÑ˛ïõ≈# (diagnostic) ~ÓÇ !ò Ïî≈üòyõ)úÑ˛

ˆòy›˛



(guidance type)– õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ ö˛ Ïú ≤ÃyÆ ¢õ¢ƒy ˆ«˛ Ïe !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ o%ì˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïy ÏòÓ˚

(Remediation) õyïƒˆÏõ !üÖòˆÏÑ˛ xyÓ˚Á ö˛ú≤Ã¢) ~ÓÇ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yˆÏúò–


Ú˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ Á Órï%Ó˚yÛ òyõÑ˛ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ¢¡ô!Ñ≈˛ì˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ

(Objective) !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚%ò– xy˛ôòyÓ˚ myÓ˚y ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ v˛z=˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Á˛ôÓ˚ Ñ,˛ì˛ ˆÑ˛yò ~Ñ˛!›˛

õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛Ìy fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÖ%ò ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !üÖò xfl˛ôT˛ì˛y ˆîÖy

!Ü ÏÎ˚!äÈú !Ñ˛òy– ~£z õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úyö˛ú ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈ # !ü«˛í Ñ˛yÎ≈ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòyÓ˚

ˆ«˛ Ïe !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚!äÈ Ïúò ì˛y Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó%ò–

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9.3.2 õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ü«˛í ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Á ì˛Ìƒ ˆîÎ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y (feedback) ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚

!ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe !üÖò v z Ïjüƒ Ñ˛ì˛›˛y ¢ö˛ú £ú ì˛y ãyòy ÎyÎ˚– õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛í

(teaching) ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ Óƒì˛#ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !â˛e!›˛ ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚%ò– xy˛ô!ò !Ñ˛

ˆîÖˆÏäÈò ˆÎ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y ˆÑ˛Óúõye !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ òÎ˚ ÓÓ˚Ç ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ

~ÓÇ ˆ¢£z¢ ÏAÜ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò x!¶˛K˛ì˛y ÏÑ˛Á cÓ˚y!ß∫ì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ òy⁄

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚

x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚ xã≈ò Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛yÓ˚#ì˛y

È˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !Óîƒy x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ¢õ)£ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛í

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !Óîƒy õ)úƒ¢õ)£ !üÖò x!¶˛K˛ì˛y¢õ)£ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛y

(values) (Learning experiences) õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment)

(Assessment) õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y (Feedback Process)

ˆòy›˛


6 D.El.Ed. 505

9.4 ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ S!òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨V ~ÓÇ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

!üÖò ~Ñ˛!›˛ ïyÓ˚yÓy!£Ñ˛ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y– ~Ñ˛£zÓ˚Ñ˛õ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y £ú !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò– õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò xfl˛ôT˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ e%!›˛ !òí≈ˆÏÎ˚

¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– Î!î ~£z e%!›˛Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢ˆÏAÜ ¢ˆÏAÜ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò (Remediation) Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ì˛y£ˆÏú

!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y xˆÏòÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# £ˆÏÎ˚ ÁˆÏ‡˛– ˆ◊!í !ü«˛ˆÏí õ)úƒyÎ˚òˆÏÑ˛ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ÎyˆÏì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ~Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ úy¶˛Óyò £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~£zãòƒ Óúy £Î˚ ˆÎ v z_õ

õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!Ñ Îy xy¢ Ïú £Î ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ !òÓÓ!FäÈß– (Comporehensive and continuous)–

òì%˛ò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y ˆÎò ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yˆÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ˆ˛ôü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò

ì˛y ˆÎò ¢y£z ÏÑ˛ú â˛v ¸yÓ˚ õì˛£z ¢£ã Á ¢yÓú#ú £Î˚–

˛£§ƒy– xy!õ£z ì˛y£z xyüy Ñ˛!Ó˚–~›˛y xyã Ö%Ó xyÑ˛°Ï≈í#Î £ ÏÓ–

xy!õ â˛y£z òì%˛ò !ü!«˛Ñ˛y EVS-

!Ó°ÏÎ!›˛ xyõy ÏîÓ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ ¢y£z ÏÑ˛ú â˛yúy ÏòyÓõì˛ ¢£ã Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yˆÏúò

!â˛e ı î%ãò ˆõˆÏÎ˚ ¢y£zˆÏÑ˛ˆÏú ˆâ˛ˆÏ˛ô ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ òì%˛ò EVS !ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ˆîÖy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ â˛ˆÏúˆÏäÈ

ÓœÑ˛ 1 ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xy˛ô!ò fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò ˆÎ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy £ú Ó£%õ%Ö#!ÓîƒyÓ˚ ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ

ˆ«˛ˆÏe (Compositearea) ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ¢Ó≈ydÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ xò%¢Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü

!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛y˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !ÓˆÏŸ’°ÏíydÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢õyˆÏúyâ˛òyõ)úÑ˛ î«˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛

v˛zÍ¢y£ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~!›˛ £z!ì˛Óyâ˛Ñ˛ î,!T˛¶˛!AÜ ¢õÌ≈ò ~ÓÇ õ)úƒˆÏÓyˆÏïÓ˚ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~£z

≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%ˆÏÑ˛ ì˛Öò ~Ñ˛ ¢ˆÏâ˛ì˛ò òyÜ!Ó˚ˆÏÑ˛ v˛z!ß¨ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ úˆÏ«˛ƒ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛y!úì˛ £Î˚ Îy

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓ ÏüÓ˚ ˜Ó!â˛ ÏeƒÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ¢£yò%¶) !ì˛ü#ú ~ÓÇ ¢Ç ÏÓîòü#ú Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆì˛y Ïú–

˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ì˛y£z îy!Ó Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆÎ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ÏÑ˛ £ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ (Comprehensive)–

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˛ô!Ó˚â˛y!úì˛ £ÁÎ˚y v z!â˛ì˛ !òˆÏãñ ¢£Ñ˛õ≈#ñ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y Óy x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ Óy õyˆÏG˛ õˆÏïƒ

xòƒ fl%Òú Ñ˛õ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ– ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ v˛zß¨Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !â˛e ˜ì˛Ó˚#ˆÏì˛ ¢y£yÎƒ

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

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!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !â˛hs˘˛òÈÙÈ¢Ç ÏÓîò ~ÓÇ õòÿ˛yúò ¢õ!ß∫ì˛ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ î,!T˛ Ïì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !üÖò

v z Ïjüƒ ¢y!ïì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £Î˚– ~¶˛y ÏÓ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô§yâ˛!›˛ £z!wÎ˚ñ Î%!=˛@˘Ãy£ƒ

!â˛hs˘˛òñ ¢,ãòü#ú õòò ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xò%¶) !ì˛Ü%!úÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü Á ≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

£ ÏÓ Îy Ïì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ÏÑ˛Á v z=˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!úÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ ÏAÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ¢,ãòü#ú Ñ˛“òyü!=˛Ó˚

!ÓÑ˛yü Á ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ñ !ú!Öì˛ ~ÓÇ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ v˛z ôÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ≤Ã!ì˛

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ Óy îúÜì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ Óy ˛ô%ˆÏÓ˚y Ñœ˛y¢ˆÏÑ˛Á ~Ñ˛!eì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ Ó£%õ%Ö# ~ÓÇ !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚òˆÏÑ˛£z ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Óúy ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

ÚÖyîƒÛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ v zîy£Ó˚í !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆîÖy ÎyÑ˛– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏò !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú

xhs˘˛¶%≈˛=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ

1. ≤Ãyí# ÏîÓ˚ Öyîƒ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ îúÜì˛ xy Ïúyâ˛òy–

2. fl ∫yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ÖyˆÏîƒÓ˚ ¢yÎ%ãƒ!Óïyò Ñ˛Ó˚y (Matching)–3. á yˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ÖyÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛ôîÜ%!úÓ˚ !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y–

4. !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ Öyîƒ !â˛Óy ÏòyÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ü Ï∑Ó˚ ˜Ó!â˛eƒ xò%ïyÓò ˆÎõò Úõâ˛õ ÏâÛñ ÚòÓ˚õÛ £zì˛ƒy!î–

5. ü%ï%õye fl˛ô Ïü≈Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ö˛ú Á üyÑ‰ ¢Ó!ã !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y–

6. Öyîƒ˛ôîÜ%!ú ÏÑ˛ î,üƒ òy®!òÑ˛ì˛yÓ˚ (Pleasing to the eye) !¶˛!_ Ïì˛ ˆ≤’ Ï›˛ ¢yãyò–

7. î%ï ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ î£z ≤Ãhfl%˛!ì˛Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ Óí≈òy–

8. ˆì˛yõyÓ˚ !òˆÏãÓ˚ ~ÓÇ xˆÏòƒÓ˚ !›˛!ö˛ò Ó: ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ÖyÁÎ˚y î%!›˛Ó˚ ˛ôˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ ÓúˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y–

9. ˆì˛yõyÓ˚ !òˆÏãÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢î¢ƒˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ôäÈ®¢£z ÖyˆÏîƒÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ì˛y!úÑ˛y ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚y–

!Óòyõ) Ïúƒ ~ÓÇ Óyïƒì˛yõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛y xy£z ÏòÓ˚ (RTE Act 2009) ¢ˆÏAÜ ì˛yú ˆÓ˚ˆÏÖ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛

¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨ (CCE) x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ü%ï%õye ÓäÈÓ˚ ˆüˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ ˆòÁÎ˚y ~Ñ˛!›˛õye

x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ÓîˆÏú ¢yÓ˚yÓäÈÓ˚ ïˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yö˛ˆÏúƒÓ˚

x!¶˛K˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ !üÖòˆÏÑ˛ v z˛ôˆÏ¶˛yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !üü% ÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚

¢rïyò ˆ˛ôˆÏì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ú%!Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyÑ˛y v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ v˛zÍ¢y£ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !üÖò ö§˛yÑ˛Ü%!ú

˛ô)Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ xòyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛/x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (Informal) õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ÓƒÓfiÌy Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

[ˆÑ˛¢ 3ˆÏì˛ CCE xïƒyÎ˚!›˛ ˛ôv Yò ~ÓÇ !Ó Ïü°Ï¶˛y ÏÓ 13 ~ÓÇ 16 òÇ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚%ò]

9.5 õ)úƒyÈÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ ı !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ ~ÓÇ x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (Type of Assess-ment : Formal And Informal)

!ò Ïâ˛Ó˚ v zîy£Ó˚íÜ%!ú ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó%ò ı

● ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˛ô«˛# !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y v˛z_Ó˚ ¢ÇˆÏüyïò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏäÈò–

● !ì˛!ò xyÓyÓ˚ î%ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÌy˛ôÑ˛Ìò ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏúò ˆÎ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~Ñ˛ãò

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8 D.El.Ed. 505

ì˛yÓ˚ xyd#ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ÖyõyˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÖy ˛ôy!Ö!›˛Ó˚ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏäÈ–

xyˆÏÜÓ˚ v˛zîy£Ó˚í î%!›˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ~›˛y ˛ô!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ £Î˚ ˆÎ ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y õ)úì˛ î%ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ò

ˆÓ!ü ÓƒÓ£yÓ Ñ˛ ÏÓòÈÙÙÙÈxyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛/!òÎ!s fì˛ (Formal) ~ÓÇ xòyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛/x!òÎ!s fì˛ (Informal)–

ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !ú!Öì˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ õì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛!“ì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò– !òÎ˚!s˛fì˛/

xyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ñ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ãyòyˆÏòy £Î˚ ˆÎ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏFäÈ– x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛

õ)úƒyÎ˚òÜ%!ú fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛ñ xòyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛ xyÓ Ï£ (informal settings) ¢¡ôß¨ Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚ ~ÓÇ

!üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ Óúy £Î˚ òy ˆÎ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏFäÈ– Ñœ yˆÏ¢ Óy ˆÖúyÓ˚ õyˆÏ‡˛

!üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í Ñ˛Ó˚yñ ˆÑ˛yÌyÁ ºõˆÏíÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚í ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ¢›˛y !ú!˛ôÓÂï

Ñ˛Ó˚y (Record) ~Ü%!ú x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ !Ñ˛ä%È v zîy£Ó˚í–

!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ ~ÓÇ x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ v˛z¶˛Î˚≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò£z !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~£z

Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ xhs˘˛Ü≈ì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ (EVS~Ó˚V v˛zˆÏjüƒ

Á õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ˚ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏâ˛ì˛ò ÌyÑ˛y ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò–

9.5.1 õyòyAÑ˛ò ı Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛ ~ÓÇ ≤Ãy!hs˘˛Ñ˛/¢ÇÑ˛úòõ)úÑ˛ [Assessment :Formative and Summative]

Úã#Óhs˘˛ ˛≤Ãyí#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ á!ò¤˛ ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜÛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚!›˛Ó˚ v˛z ôˆÏÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ v˛z Ïjüƒ!¶˛!_Ñ˛

î%!›˛ òõ%òyÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ÓˆÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÑ˛– ~!›˛£z xyÓyÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢õhfl˛Ï ã#ˆÏÓÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛

¢Ç ÏÓîòü#ú £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ õ)úƒ ÏÓyï ÏÑ˛Á ãy@˘Ãì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

(1) ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ì§ yÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ !ò ÏÎ˚ Óy£z ÏÓ˚ ºõ Ïí ˆÜ ÏäÈò– ~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛¢Æy£

˛ô)ˆÏÓ≈ !ì˛!ò Ñœ˛yˆÏ¢ ≤ÃÑ,˛!ì˛ˆÏì˛ Ñ˛#›˛˛ôì˛ˆÏAÜÓ˚ ¶)˛!õÑ˛y xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚!äÈˆÏúò– ˆÓv˛¸yˆÏì˛ !ÜˆÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆõÔõy!äÈˆÏÑ˛ õyÓ˚ˆÏì˛ ˆîˆÏÖ !ì˛!ò ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Ñ˛Ìy ÓˆÏú ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏúò ˆÎ

ˆ¢ ˆõÔõy!äÈˆÏÑ˛ ¶˛Î˚ ˛ôyÎ˚– ~ÓyÓ˚ !ì˛!ò ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ˛ôÓ˚yÜˆÏÎyˆÏÜ (Pollination) ˆõÔõy!äÈÓ˚ ¶)˛!õÑ˛y õˆÏò

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò– ~ÓyÓ˚ !ì˛!ò Ñœ˛yˆÏ¢ ~Ñ˛!›˛ òy›˛Ñ˛ õM˛fiÌ Ñ˛Ó˚yˆÏúò–

(ii) xyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ v˛zîy£Ó˚í ˆòÁÎ˚y ÎyÑ˛– !ü«˛Ñ˛ õ£yüÎ˚ ì§˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y õyò%°Ïñ ÜyäÈ˛ôyúyñ

ˆ˛ôyÑ˛yõyÑ˛v ¸ ~ÓÇ xòƒyòƒ ≤Ãyí#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ á!ò¤˛ ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ Ñ˛ì˛›˛y xÓ!£ì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ ì˛yˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ !ì˛!ò ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤ÃŸ¿ !ãK˛y¢y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– !ú!Öì˛ ˛ôÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ ˛ôyüy˛ôy!ü !ì˛!ò îúÜì˛

xyˆÏúyâ˛òyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfiÌyÁ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚!äÈˆÏúò Îy ì§˛yˆÏÑ˛ ≤Ãy!hs˘˛Ñ˛/¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈# (Summative) x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚

ˆ«˛ Ïe ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚!äÈú–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ !£¢yˆÏÓ ÚxyõyˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Órï%Ó˚yÛ ~£z !ÌˆÏõÓ˚ ˆüˆÏ°Ï !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚

Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ Ñ˛ì˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ v˛z=˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ x¢%!Óïyñ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ ~ÓÇ

¢!‡˛Ñ˛ õ)úƒ ÏÓyï Ü‡˛ Ïò áy›˛!ì˛ Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ ì˛y !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚ò– ~£z ¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈# (Summative)

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õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ K˛yò Á ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Î!î ˆÑ˛yò áy›˛!ì˛ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛y ¢£ˆÏã£z

!òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚yÎyÎ˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ì˛!ò ì§˛yÓ˚ Ñœ˛yˆÏ¢Ó˚ 40 ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ãyòˆÏì˛

˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏúò ˆÎ ˆÓü#Ó˚¶˛yÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ˛ôy!Ó˚Óy!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢î¢ƒˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ á!ò¤˛ ¢¡ôÑ≈˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xÓ!£ì˛

£ ÏúÁñ 14 ãò ì˛ÖòÁ õyò%°Ï ~ÓÇ xòƒ ≤Ãyí#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ ¢ÇˆÏÎyˆÏÜÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íy!›˛

Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ x˛ôyÓ˚Ü– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò !£¢yˆÏÓ !ì˛!ò ~Ñ˛ãò !ÓˆÏü°ÏK˛ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ ˆ≤Ã!õˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ

~Ñ˛!›˛ xy Ïúyâ˛òy ¢¶˛yÓ˚ xy ÏÎ˚yãò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò–


v˛z˛ôˆÏÓ˚ v˛z!Õ‘!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ≤Ã¶˛y!Óì˛ £ˆÏÓ Î!î (a) !ü«˛Ñ˛ ¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈# õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

òy Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ò⁄

(b) Î!î !ü«˛Ñ˛ ö˛úyö˛ˆÏúÓ˚ ÓƒyÖƒyÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ x¢¡ô)í≈ì˛yˆÏÑ˛

!ò!£´ì˛ òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ò⁄ !ì˛!ò Î!î ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ Óy Ñ˛ÖˆÏòy ˆÑ˛yòÁ ¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy òy

@˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ò ì˛y£ˆÏú !Ñ˛ á›˛ì˛⁄Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛ (Formative) ~ÓÇ ¢ÇÑ˛úòïõ≈# (Summative) î% ïÓ ÏíÓ õ)úƒyÎò£z x˛ô!Ó£yÎ≈ ~ÓÇ

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ !üÖ Ïò ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

¢õhfl Ï ≤Ãyí#Ó˚£z xyõy ÏîÓ˚ õì˛ Ó§yâ˛yÓ˚ x!ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xy ÏäÈ–

~£z ¢õÎÑ˛yú#ò õ)úƒyÎò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖò ö§ yÑ˛ (Learning gaps) ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈

xÓ!£ì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ~!›˛ Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ v zîy£Ó˚í–!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ì˛yÍ«˛!Ó˚Ñ˛ (immediate) ≤Ã!ì˛!ÓïyˆÏòÓ˚ ÓƒÓfiÌy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ÎyˆÏì˛ !üÖò

ÓyïyÜ%!ú x˛ô¢y!Ó˚ì˛ £Î˚– Ü‡˛òõ)úÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ~¶˛yˆÏÓ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò

≤Ã!ì˛ÓrïÑ˛ì˛y !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

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9.6 v zßì˛õy ÏòÓ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ (What Makes an AssessmentGood?)

xyõÓ˚y Ñ˛Öò ~Ñ˛!›˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚òˆÏÑ˛ ¶˛yú ÓúˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚⁄ ˆÑ˛yò õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ÎÌyÌ≈ñ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎyÜƒñ

òƒyÎƒ ~ÓÇ òõò#Î˚ £ˆÏú£z ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ v˛zß¨ì˛õyˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Óúy ÎyÎ˚– õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ~£z â˛yÓ˚!›˛

ˆòy›˛


10 D.El.Ed. 505

Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ !ò Ïâ˛ xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚y £ú–

˜Óï/ÎÌyÌ≈ (Valid) õyòyAÑ˛ò £ú ˆ¢!›˛ ˆÎ!›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ ~ÓÇ ˆ¢£z ¢ˆÏAÜ

!üÖò x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ £ˆÏÓ– ˙!›˛ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ !üÖò î«˛ì˛yñ K˛yò ~ÓÇ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

(Competency) õyey ~ÓÇ õ)úƒ ÏÓyï ¢¡∫!úì˛ £Î˚–

!ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒì˛y (Reliability) õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ– ˆÑ˛yò !ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒ õ)úƒyÎò

x¶˛#«˛y !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y myÓ˚y !Ó!¶˛ß¨ v˛z˛ôyˆÏÎ˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎyãƒ £ˆÏúÁ Óyhfl˛ÏˆÏÓ ¢%¢Ç£ì˛ ö˛úyö˛ú

v zÍ˛ôyîò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ– ˜òÓ≈ƒ!=˛Ñ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆÎõò õƒy!â˛Çïõ≈# (Matching-type) õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Óƒ!=˛ !ò¶≈ Ó˚

Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü !ò¶≈ Ó˚ ÏÎyÜƒ (Reliable)–

!òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ (Fair) õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆÑ˛yòÁ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˛ô«˛˛ôyì˛ ˆîÖyÎ˚ òy ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛c Á Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ x!¶˛Ó%!â˛Ó˚Á õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

òõò#Î˚ (Flexible) õ)úƒyÎ˚òÈÙÈ¢yïò# (assessment tools) ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y ˆÑ˛yò õ)úƒyÎ˚òˆÏÑ˛

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò ˆ«˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ¢yˆÏ˛ôˆÏ«˛ xˆÏòÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yˆÏú–

v˛zß¨ì˛õyˆÏòÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ò !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ e%!›˛ ì%˛ˆÏú ïˆÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ Ñ˛Öò£z ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ

ˆîy°Ïy ÏÓy˛ô Ñ˛ ÏÓ òy– !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ (Learning-Centred) v zßì˛õy ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò ≤Ã!Ñ Îy ¢Ó¢õÎ

!ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò (Teaching-learning) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ x!¶˛¢yÓ˚# £ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ˆ¢!›˛ ˆÑ˛Óúõye Ñ˛yõƒ

ö˛úyö˛úˆÏÑ˛£z !òˆÏî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ òy–

9.7 !üÖòÈÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò (Learning Centred Assessment)

~Öò ˛ôÎ≈hs˘˛ xyõÓ˚y Ú!üÖòÈÙˆÑ˛!wÑ˛Û õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛Ìy ÓˆÏú!äÈ– ~Ó˚ xÌ≈ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y

õyòyAÑ˛ò ÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïj Ïüƒ ÓƒÓ£yÓ Ñ˛Ó ÏÓò– !ì˛!ò !ú!Öì˛ñ ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ Óy Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ

x¶˛#«˛y £zì˛ƒy!î !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ó˚#!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ~ˆÏÑ˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– !Ñ˛ä%È v zîy£Ó˚í ˆîÁÎ˚y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

!ò Ïã !ò ÏãÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚y/fl ∫ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎ˚ò

¢AÜ#ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎ˚ò (Peer assessment)

Ñ ˛õ˛ô%!Oì˛ xì˛#ì˛ á›˛òy ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô (Cumulative Ancetotal Records)

≤ÃÑ˛ Ï“Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ xÇü@˘Ã£ˆÏíÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ô!Ó˚õyíÜì˛ õyò

9.7.1 fl ∫ÈÙÈõyòyAÑ˛ò ~ÓÇ ¢AÜ#ÈÙÈõyòyAÑ˛ò (Self-Assessment and Peer-Assessment)

~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%Ó !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ !Ó!¶˛ß Ó#!ì˛ xy ÏäÈ– Ñ˛ÖòÁ Ñ˛ÖòÁ ˆ¢ !ò Ïã Óy Órï%Ó myÓy

ì˛yÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ Îyâ˛y£z/õ)úƒyÎò Ñ˛ÓyÎñ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó ~ Ï«˛ Ïe ì˛y ÏîÓ ÏÑ˛ v zÍ¢y!£ì˛ Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛–

õƒyÌ% ¢ƒyÓ ≤Ã Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏÑ˛ ì˛y ÏîÓ ˆîÖy ˆÑ˛yò ˛ôü%ÈÙÈ ôyÖ#Ó !Ó°Ï ÏÎ Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ Ó Ïúò– ~Ó˛ôÓ

!ì˛!ò ì˛y ÏîÓ î%!›˛ ˛ôäÈ Ï®Ó !ã!ò Ï¢Ó ì˛y!úÑ˛y Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ~ÓÇ ~ Ï«˛ Ïe Ñœ y¢ v z ôfiÌy˛ôò !Ñ˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ xyÓÁ

ˆòy›˛



¶˛yú Ñ˛Óy ÎyÎ ì˛y Óú Ïì˛ Ó Ïúò– ~!›˛ fl ∫ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ïÓí ~ÓÇ !Ó!¶˛ß !Ó°Ï ÏÎÓ ãòƒ !ì˛!ò

≤Ã!ì˛ ¢Æy Ï£ ≤Ã!ì˛ õy Ï¢ ~£z ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ÓãyÎ Óy ÏÖò ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ ÏÑ˛ ï# ÏÓ ï# ÏÓ !ò Ïã ÏîÓ v zß!ì˛Ó

!î ÏÑ˛ òãÓ !î Ïì˛ Ó Ïúò– xy˛ô!ò ~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ õ)úƒyÎò xy˛ôòyÓ Ñœ y Ï¢ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ â˛yò⁄ ~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ

fl ∫ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎò Ñ˛# Ó Ïú xy˛ô!ò õ Ïò Ñ˛ ÏÓò⁄

ÎÖò ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ì˛yÓ Órï%Ó x§yÑ˛y fl%Òú ≤ÃyAÜ ÏíÓ õyò!â˛ ÏeÓ ≤ÃüÇ¢y Ñ˛ ÏÓñ ì˛Öò ~›˛y ÏÑ˛

¢AÜ# õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ v zîy£Óí !£¢y ÏÓ ïÓy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ– !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓy ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !üü% ÏÑ˛ ì˛yÓ ˛ôy Ïü

Ó¢y Órï%Ó ˆÑ˛yò !Ó Ïü°Ï î«˛ì˛yÓ ≤ÃüÇ¢y Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ Óú Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓò ~ÓÇ ~ÓÑ˛õ ˆ«˛ Ïe xy˛ôòyÓy

¢AÜ# õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ≤Ãâ% Ó v zîy£Óí !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛ ÏÓ ÓyÖ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓò–

!Ó!¶˛ß ïÓ ÏòÓ fl ∫ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎò ~ÓÇ ¢AÜ# õ)úƒyÎò ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎò ≤Ã!Ñ Îy ÏÑ˛ v zßì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– fl ∫ÈÙÈ≤ÃüÇ¢y

~ÓÇ Órï% ÏîÓ myÓy Ñ, ì˛ ≤ÃüÇ¢y !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ xydõÎ≈yîy Ó,!Âï Ïì˛ ¢£yÎÑ˛ £Î– ¢£ ÏÎy!Üì˛yõ)úÑ˛

!üÖò (Cooperative Learning) ˆ«˛ Ïe î ÏúÓ ¢î¢ƒ ÏîÓ ¢y£yÎƒ ~ÓÇ v zÍ¢y£ ≤Ãîyò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ

õ Ïïƒ £z!ì˛Óyâ˛Ñ˛ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ xyâ˛Óí !£¢y ÏÓ ¢£ ÏÎy!Üì˛y ~ÓÇ v zÍ¢y£ ÏÓyï Ó,!Âï Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ì˛ ÏÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛

!Ó°ÏÎ xyõy ÏîÓ ÏÑ˛ ˆÖÎyú ÓyÖ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ˆÎ x!ì˛!Ó=˛ ≤ÃüÇ¢y ÏÑ˛ xòyÎƒ ¢õy Ïúyâ˛òy î%!›˛£z ¢!‡˛Ñ˛

~ÓÇ !òÓ Ï ô«˛ õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ˛ô Ï«˛ £y!òÑ˛Ó–

¢õyã!õ!ì˛ (Sociometry) ˆãÑ˛Ó ˆõy ÏÓ Ïòy (1887-1974) Ñ, ì˛ ¢õyã!õ!ì˛Ó v z Ïjüƒ £ú îú#Î

Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó î«˛ì˛y Ó,!Âï ~ÓÇ ãòÜ ÏíÓ õ Ïïƒ ˛ôyÓfl˛ô!ÓÑ˛ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Ó õ Ïïƒ fl ∫FäÈì˛y Ó,!Âï Ñ˛ ÏÓ

Óƒ!=˛¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ Ó õy ÏòyßÎò ~ÓÇ xyhs˘ É¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ xÇü@˘Ã£íÑ˛yÓ# ÏîÓ ¢hs%˛!T˛ ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Óy–

!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓy ãy Ïòò ˆÎ îúÜì˛ !üü%Óy xyÓ ˆÑ˛Óúõye Óƒ!=˛ !£¢y ÏÓ xyâ˛Óí Ñ˛ ÏÓ òy–

xy˛ôòyÓy ãy Ïòò ˆÎ ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ ˆÜy¤˛#Ó Ü‡˛ò xyúyîyó ~Ó õ Ïïƒ Ó ÏÎ ÏäÈ !Ó!¶˛ß v z ô ÏÜy¤˛#ñ ü%o îú

~ÓÇ !ò!î≈T˛ Órï% ÏcÓ !òîü≈òÁ Ìy ÏÑ˛ñ xyÓyÓ ~Ñ˛£z ˆÜy¤˛#¶) ì˛ î ÏúÓ õ Ïïƒ x ÏòÑ˛ ˜Ó!â˛eƒ ˆîÖy

ÎyÎÈÙÙÙÈ Ñ˛yòÁ !Ó Ïü°Ï ˆ¢£z ˆÜy¤˛#Ó ¢ÓyÓ !≤ÃÎ £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ xyÓyÓ ì˛yÓ !Ó˛ôÓ#ì˛Á £ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ–

Órï% ÏcÓ˚ cÓ˚í ~ÓÇ ≤Ãì˛ƒyÖƒyˆÏòÓ˚ !òÏîü≈òÜ%!ú ~£z¶˛yˆÏÓ !üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏÑ˛ !òÎ˚s˛fí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ

~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y ˆÎ ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ˆÜy¤˛# ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúò ˆÑ˛Ôüú ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ â˛yò ì˛y !òï≈yÓ˚ˆÏí

~Ñ˛!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ ¶) !õÑ˛y ˛ôyúò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

¢õyã!õ!ì˛ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛˛ôˆÏ«˛ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ £y!ì˛Î˚yÓ˚– ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ¢£ˆÏã£z !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y ˆÑ˛yò Ñœ yˆÏ¢Ó˚ ãò!≤ÃÎ˚ ~ÓÇ !òÉ¢AÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ îúÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢£ˆÏã£z

!â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– ~£z¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢õyã!õ!ì˛Ó˚ ˆÑ˛ÔüúÜ%!ú xÓú¡∫ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y

Ñœ˛yˆÏ¢ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ xyhs˘˛É¢¡ôÑ≈˛ ¢£ˆÏã£z Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò–

9.7.2 Ñ õ ÏÎy!ãì˛ xì˛#ì˛ õ Ïòy¢ÇÑ yhs˘ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô (Cumulative Anecdotal Records)

õˆÏòyÓ˚õy õƒyv˛yõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ v˛z=˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– ì§˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ

¢Ó¢õÎ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ v˛yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚# Á Ñ˛úõ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ÎyˆÏì˛ !ì˛!ò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏÑ˛yò Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈

~ÓÇ õãyîyÓ˚ á›˛òy !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– ~Ñ˛!îò !ì˛!ò ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ˆÎ ì§˛yÓ˚ Ñœ yˆÏ¢Ó˚

ˆòy›˛


12 D.El.Ed. 505

!ÓR$ !Ó˚AÑ%˛ˆÏÑ˛ Ó˚à#ò â˛Ñ‰˛ !îú ~ÓÇ !ì˛!ò ~›˛y ãyòˆÏì˛ò ˆÎ !Ó˚AÑ%˛Ó˚ x!¶˛¶˛yÓˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ ˛ôˆÏ«˛ !Ó˚AÑ%˛ˆÏÑ˛

~›˛y !Ñ˛ˆÏò ˆîÁÎ˚y ¢Ω˛Ó òÎ˚– xyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!îò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ !Ófl%Ò›˛ Ñ˛yÓ˚Öyòy ˛ô!Ó˚îü≈òÑ˛yˆÏú

!ì˛!ò ˆîÖˆÏúò ˆÎ ö˛!ì˛õy !Ófl%Ò›˛ ˜ì˛Ó˚# !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ xˆÏòÑ˛ ≤ÃŸ¿ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈ– ~£z ¢õhfl˛Ï á›˛òy !ì˛!ò ì§˛yÓ˚

v˛yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚#ˆÏì˛ ¢ÇˆÏ«˛ˆÏ˛ô !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖˆÏúò– xyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!îòñ ¢#ì˛y ì˛yÓ˚ Órï% ÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Óy!v ¸

ˆö˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ¢y˛ô ¢yõˆÏò ˆîˆÏÖ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !òˆÏã !òÓ˚%_y˛ô ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xòƒ ¢Ñ˛úˆÏÑ˛ !òÓ˚y˛ôˆÏî ˛ôyü

Ñ˛y!›˛ˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ !ÜˆÏÎ˚!äÈú ~›˛y ü% Ïò õˆÏòyÓ˚õy õƒyv˛yõ ¢#ì˛yÓ˚ ¢y£¢ ~ÓÇ ˆòì, c¢%ú¶˛ Ü%íyÓú#

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ £ˆÏúò– Ó!Ó òyˆÏõ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆäÈˆÏú Ñ% Ñ% Ó˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¶˛#°Ïí ¶˛Î˚ ˆ˛ôì˛ ~ÓÇ ~ãòƒ xòƒ

ˆäÈˆÏúÓ˚y ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ v˛z=˛ƒ=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛y õˆÏòyÓ˚õy õƒyv˛yõ !Ó°ÏÎ˚!›˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xÓ!£ì˛ !äÈˆÏúò– !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ~Ñ˛!îò

!ì˛!ò Ó!ÓˆÏÑ˛ xòƒˆÏîÓ˚ õyÓ˚ˆÏì˛ ˆîˆÏÖ ì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í !ãK˛y¢y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò– Ó!ÓÓ˚ Ñ% Ñ% Ó˚ ¶˛#!ì˛ !òÓ˚¢ˆÏòÓ˚

ãòƒ !ì˛!ò ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ ˆ˛ôy°ÏƒˆÏÑ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ ¢ÆyˆÏ£ fl%ÒˆÏú xyòyˆÏòyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfiÌy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò ~ÓÇ ~¶˛yˆÏÓ

Ó!ÓÓ˚ Ñ%˛Ñ%˛Ó˚¶˛#!ì˛ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ï#ˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ãü!õì˛ £ú– Ó!ÓÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ xy¢y ~£z ˛ô!Ó˚Óì≈˛ò !ì˛!ò ≤ÃÜ!ì˛˛ôˆÏe

!ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ úyÜ Ïúò–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ4

~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ á›˛òy¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ ˆòy›˛ õˆÏòyÓ˚õy õƒyv˛yõ ì§˛yÓ˚ v˛yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚#ˆÏì˛ !úˆÏÖ Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ò ˆÑ˛ò⁄

xy˛ô!ò Î!î õˆÏòyÓ˚õy õƒyv˛yˆÏõÓ˚ ãyÎ˚ÜyÎ˚ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏú ~£z ¢õhfl˛Ï á›˛òy˛ôO# ˆÎÜ%!ú xy˛ô!ò

!ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏÖˆÏäÈòñ ˆ¢Ü%!ú !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ò ì˛yÓ˚ Óí≈òy !îò–

(Why does Manorama take note of such episodes/observations? Supposeyou are in her place, describe how are you going to use these records?

............................................................................................................................

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!Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˆ«˛ˆÏeñ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ á›˛òy !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛ò– ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe

~Ó˚Ñ˛õ ú«˛ƒí#Î˚ xyâ˛Ó˚íÜì˛ ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ v˛y£zÓ˚#ˆÏì˛ !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖy £Î˚– !ü«˛yÓˆÏ°Ï≈Ó˚

ˆüˆÏ°Ïñ ≤Ã!ì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !ú!˛ôÓÂïÑ,˛ì˛ ˆòy›˛£z !Ñ˛v˛zõ%ˆÏú!›˛Ç xƒyˆÏòÑ˛ˆÏv˛y›˛yú

ˆÓ˚Ñ˛v‰˛¢ Óy Ñ ˛õˆÏÎy!ãì˛ xì˛#ì˛ á›˛òy ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ôˆÏì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚íì˛ £Î˚–

ˆòy›˛



9.7.3 ≤ÃÑ˛ Ï“Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò (Assessment Through Projects)

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ≤ÃÑ˛ˆÏ“Ó˚ Ü%Ó%c x˛ô!Ó˚¢#õ– ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ î%!›˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢Ω˛Ó– ~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ £ú !Ó°ÏÎ˚!¶˛!_Ñ˛ xyÓ˚ x˛ôÓ˚!›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛yÓ˚ x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ

!£¢yˆÏÓ ≤ÃyÆ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ î«˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ ò#!ì˛ˆÏÓyï¢õ)£– !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ÎÖò ˆÎÔÌ¶˛yˆÏÓ ˆÑ˛yò fiÌyò#Î˚

ãúyüˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ v zÍ¢ñ Óò¶)˛!õ Óy fiÌyò#Î˚ ˛ôyÖ#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !òÓ˚#«˛y (survey) Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ñ ì˛Öò ~Ó˚

ˆ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏ¡ÿ=˛ Ó£% !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y xÓƒy£ì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚òÈÙÙÙÈ

fiÌyò#Î˚ õyò%°Ïã ÏòÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢£ Ïã ¶˛y ÏÓÓ˚ xyîyòÈÙÈ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛òyÈÙÙÙÈ

≤ÃÑ˛ˆÏ“Ó˚ v z˛ôfiÌy˛ôˆÏòÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛õyò

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ xÇü@˘Ã£ ÏíÓ˚ ¢!îFäÈy ˆÑ˛õòÈÙÙÙÈ!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ~£z ≤ÃŸ¿Ü%!ú !ã ÏK˛¢ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎ Ïì˛

˛ôy ÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ(i) î ÏúÓ˚ ¢î¢ƒ/¢î¢ƒyˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ (ii) @˘Ã%ˆÏ˛ôÓ˚ Órï%ˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ (iii) î ÏúÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ õì˛y ÏòÑ˛ƒ

¢yõúyˆÏì˛ ˆ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈ !Ñ˛òy⁄ (iv) ì˛Ìƒ ~ˆÏÑ˛ x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ fl˛∫ì˛Éfl˛≥) ì≈˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¶˛yÜy¶˛y!Ü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏì˛

ˆ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈ !Ñ˛⁄

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !â˛hs˘˛ò ~ÓÇ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí «˛õì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ Óyhfl ÏÓ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ xò%Órï ÏòÓ˚

î«˛ì˛y

9.7.4 !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ xÇü@˘Ã£ ÏíÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛ Á ˛ô!Ó˚õyíÜì˛ õyòÈÙÙ

Èˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ !õÌ!‹;Î˚yÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛

xˆÏòÑ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È ãyòy ÎyÎ˚– !Ñ˛ä%È !ü«˛yÌ≈# fl ∫¶˛yÓì˛£z ˆÑ˛Ôì% £ú# ~ÓÇ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃŸ¿ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~¶˛yˆÏÓ

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ K˛y ÏòÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü á Ï›˛– xyd!ò¶≈ Ó˚ü#ú ~ÓÇ v zÍ¢%Ñ˛ ~ïÓ˚ ÏòÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe fl ∫õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

£Î˚ õ)úì˛ fl ∫ÈÙÈ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y (Feedback) Ö%ÓÁ ¶˛yú £Î˚ ~ÓÇ

!üÖò v˛z_õõyˆÏòÓ˚ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

!mì˛#Î˚ ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ õì˛ˆÏÑ˛£z !üˆÏÓ˚yïyÎ≈ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~¶˛yˆÏÓ ì˛yÓ˚y !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛y myÓ˚y ≤Ãî_ !Ó°ÏÎ˚K˛yˆÏòÓ˚ xyd#Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~ˆÏì˛ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚ ¢AÑ% !â˛ì˛

£ˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚– ~Ó˚y ¢£ˆÏã£z !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú £ˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛

õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚ ~Öy Ïò Î ÏÌT˛ ¢#õyÓÂï–

ì, ì˛#Î˚ ˆ◊í#¶% =˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe Óúy ÎyÎ˚ ˆÎ ~Ó˚y õ)úì˛ !üÖˆÏò (learning) xy@˘Ã£# òÎ˚–

ˆòy›˛


14 D.El.Ed. 505

~Ñ˛Ó˚Ñ˛õ Óyïƒ £ˆÏÎ˚ ì˛yÓ˚y Ñœ yˆÏ¢ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ~Ó˚y Ñ˛îy!â˛Í !üÖˆÏò xÇü@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚y ¢â˛Ó˚yâ˛Ó˚

õ%Öhfl˛Ï !ÓîƒyÓ˚ v z˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú £ÁÎ˚yÎ˚ !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ (learning-centred) õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚

~ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe Ö%Ó£z ¢#!õì˛– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢yˆÏÓ ~õò ¢õhfl˛Ï ¢Ó˚ú !üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚

¢,!T˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ÎyˆÏì˛ ~ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏeÁ !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyòÁ v˛zß¨ì˛ £Î˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó˚%ò—3

˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ xò%ÎyÎ˚# v z_Ó˚ !úÖˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ–


˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !ÓˆÏü°Ï x!¶˛õì˛ Óƒ=˛ Ñ˛Ó%ò–

9.8 ¢yÓ˚yÇü/˛Ó=˛Óƒ¢yÓ˚˛ (Let us sum up)

õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎò xyò%¤˛y!òÑ˛ (formal) !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ xÇü– v zßì˛õy ÏòÓ

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò £ú ˆüÖyÓ˚/!üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ~ÓÇ~!›˛ !üÖòÈÙÈe%!›˛ î)Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !üÖˆÏò ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò £ ÏÓ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨ (Continuous) ~ÓÇ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ (Comprehensive)

!ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎyÜƒ (Reliable), ÎÌyÌ≈ (Valid), !òÓ˚ Ï ô«˛ (fair), ~ÓÇ òõò#Î˚ (flexible)– õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ ¢îÌ≈Ñ˛ !â˛hs˘˛yÈÙÈ¶˛yÓòy ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yˆÏú

xÌ≈Ó£– !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚òˆÏÑ˛ ¢ö˛ú Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì% úˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

~Ó˚ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈ # ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ xy˛ô!ò !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õ)úƒyÎ˚òÈÙÈ¢yïò# (Assessment tools) ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôüú (tech-

niques) ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ !üÖ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ ÏÓò–

9.9 xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ ≤Ãî_ õ Ïv˛Ó˚ v z_Ó˚¢õ)£˛ (ModelAnswers to Check your Progress)

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%ò—1

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !òˆÏãÓ˚ x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ v˛z_Ó˚ !úÖ%ò–


~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÁ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ xò%ÎyÎ˚# xy˛ôòyÓ˚ !òãfl˛∫ x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ v˛z_Ó˚ !úÖˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ–

ˆòy›˛



9.10 ≤Ãhfl˛y!Óì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ¢)!â˛ ~ÓÇ ˆÓ˚ö˛yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏ™Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛y (SuggestedReading And References)

● http://fcit.usf.edu/assessment/basic/basicc.html

● http://www.learningandteaching.info/teaching/assessment.htm

● learnline.cdu.edu.au/t4l/teachinglearning/assessmentvet.html

● www.cal.org/flad/tutorial/reliability/3andvalidity.html )

9.11 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ˚ xò%ü#úò# (Unit-End Exercises)

1. Üì˛ÓäÈˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ˆÎ ¢õhfl˛Ï õ)úƒyÎ˚òïõ≈# !õÌ!‹;Î˚y £ˆÏÎ˚!äÈú ì˛yÓ˚

˛ôÎ≈yˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó%ò– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ õyòyAÑ˛òÜ%!úÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚Ü%!úÓ˚ xyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ≤Ã Ïì˛ƒÑ˛!›˛Ó˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛yÓ˚#ì˛y ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢õy Ïúyâ˛òyõ)úÑ˛ ≤ÃÓrï !úÖ%ò–

2. îúÜì˛ !üÖòÈÙÈˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ Óí≈òy !îò– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe xy˛ô!ò Ñ˛#

ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙõyòî[˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚!äÈ Ïúò⁄

ˆòy›˛

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

D.El.Ed. 50516

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 10 ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ

õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ ôÂï!ì˛

Ñ˛y‡˛y Ïõy

10.0 – ¢)â˛òy

10.1 – !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ

10.2 – õyòyAÑ˛ò ¢yïò# !Ñ˛⁄

10.2.1 – õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò# !òÓ≈yâ˛ò ~ÓÇ ≤Ãhfl% !ì˛Ñ˛Óí

10.2.2 – õyòAÑ˛ò ¢yïò# !Ó°Ï ÏÎ ˆÎ !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú fl˛øÓ Ïí ÓyÖ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ

10.3 – õyòyAÑ˛ò ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£

10.3.1 – ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ïõ≈#

10.3.2 – !ú!Öì˛ïõ≈# ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£

10.3.2.1 – Óâ˛òyïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y

10.3.3 – Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ x¶˛#«˛y

10.3.4 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe ˆîÁÎy òÑ˛ú v z_Ó ¢Ç Ïüyïò

10.3.5 – ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ˆÑ˛Ôüú

10.3.6 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ xòƒyòƒ ïyÓíy¢õ)£

10.4 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe !üÖò v z Ïjüƒ !Óâ˛y ÏÓ ˆÎ õ)úƒyÎò !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈

10.5 – !Ó°ÏÎ ¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô/¢yÓ˚¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô

10.6 – xy˛ôòyÓ ˛ôy‡˛ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ ≤Ãî_ õ Ïv˛ú v z_Ó¢õ)£

10.7 – @˘ÃrÌ˛ô!O/≤Ãhfl˛Ïy!Óì˛ ˛ôy‡˛¢)â˛# ~ÓÇ ˆÓ˚ö˛yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏ™Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛y

10.8 – ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ ≤Ãî_ xò%ü#úò#

10.0 ¢)â˛òy (Introduction)

~Ó xy ÏÜÓ xïƒy ÏÎ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ xy Ïúyâ˛òyÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ !Ó!¶˛ß ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ

¢y ÏÌ ¢y ÏÌ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ ïyÓíy £ ÏÎ ÏäÈ– õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ

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505-Block3 : ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛ôÂï!ì˛ 17

(Assessment) õyïƒ Ïõ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yò !ò!î≈T˛ xyîü≈õy ÏòÓ˚ (norms) !¶˛!_ Ïì˛ ~ ÏÑ˛ x˛ô ÏÓ˚Ó˚

¢ˆÏAÜ ì% úòy Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚ òyó ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖòÈÙÈ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛y ~ÓÇ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ !îÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈ü

Ñ˛ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ~Ó !¶˛!_ Ïì˛ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛ ÏúÓ !ò!Ó ÏÖ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ !üÖò v zj#˛ôÑ˛/≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Îy (feedback) !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó

v˛zß¨!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ !ü«˛yÓ !üÖò v z ÏjüƒÜ%!ú õ)úì˛ ÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ (Cognitive), ≤Ãy Ï«˛y!¶˛Ñ˛ (Affective)

~ÓÇ õòÿ˛yúÑ˛ (Psychomotor) «˛ˆÏeÓ˚ !îÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈üÑ˛yÓ˚# £ÁÎ˚Î˚ñ Ó£%õy!eÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

ˆÑ˛Ôüú (multiple assessment techniques) myÓy£z !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !üÖò ¢yõ ÏÌ≈ƒÓ (Learning

outcomes) õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢Ω˛Ó– xyÓ˚ !‡˛Ñ˛ ~£zãòƒ£z xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ~õò Óyhfl ÏÓïõ≈# õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#

(tools) ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ (techniques) !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ÎyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò (assessment of learning) ≤ÃÑ,˛ì˛˛ôˆÏ«˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ K˛yòyã≈ˆÏòÓ˚ ôÌˆÏÑ˛£z ¢%Üõ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ xÌ≈yÍ

~ Ï«˛ Ïe õ)úƒyÎò £ ÏÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïj Ïüƒ õ)úƒyÎò (Assessment for Learning)– ~Öy Ïò xyõy ÏîÓ

xyˆÏúy!â˛ì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Óhfl%˛ £ú ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ ~õò ¢õhfl˛Ï v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚í ~ÓÇ

ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ xˆÏ^Èª°Ïí Îy xyõÓ˚y v z=˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ¢yÌ≈Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ ÏÓy–

10.1 !üÖ ÏòÓ v z Ïjüƒ¢õ)£ (Learning Objectives)

~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˛ôy‡˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïú xy˛ôòyÓy Îy !üÖ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● Ñ˛#¶˛y ÏÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ õ)úƒyÎò ~ÓÇ ì˛Ìƒ ¢¡±¢yÓ ÏíÓ ãòƒ ì˛Ìƒ !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ˆ¢ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ

xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò–

● ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ ˆ«˛ Ïe v z ô ÏÎyÜ# õ)úƒyÎò ˆÑ˛Ôüú ¢õ) Ï£Ó ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò–

● !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢yïò# ¢ˆÏõì˛ xòƒyòƒ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ v˛z ôÑ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ !òÓ≈yâ˛ò ~ÓÇ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓòÈÙÙÙÈ

(a) x¶˛#«˛y (Tests)

(b) ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í ¢)!â˛ (Observation schedule)

(c) â˛Ñ˛!úfi›˛ (Checklists)

(d) õyò !òï≈yÓ˚Ñ˛ õy˛ôÑ˛y!‡˛ (Rating Scales)

(e) ◊ÓíÈÙÈîü≈òõ)úÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô (Audio-visual recording)

!üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ~ÓÇ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ v zˆÏjüƒ/ãòƒ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó# ~ÓÇ ì˛Ìƒ˛ô)í≈ õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment) £ú ¢!›˛ ÎÖy Ïò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓy !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ

≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãˆÏò !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆÑ˛Ôüú ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ÎyˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !Ó°ÏÎ˚

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50518

ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ Ó£%õy!eÑ˛ !üÖò ¢% ÏÎyÜ úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– !üÖò v˛z Ïjüƒ ¢yˆÏ˛ôˆÏ«˛ ~ÓÇ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ì˛ˆÏì˛!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ xï#ì˛ K˛yòñ ˆÓyï Á ≤ÃyˆÏÎ˚y!ÜÑ˛ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ !òˆÏî≈üÑ˛ £ú õyòyAÑ˛ò– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛

!üÖò Ñ˛ì˛›˛y £ ÏÎ ÏäÈñ ¢£z ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ôÓ (Information) v z ôÓ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ ÏÓ xy˛ôòyÓy ì˛y ÏîÓ õ)úƒyÎò

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– ~£z ì˛ÌƒÜ%!ú ÎÖò ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢ÇÜ,£#ì˛ £Î (Recorded) ì˛Öò ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚

x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ (Progress) ~ÓÇ v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y ÏÑ˛ ¢ÇK˛y!Îì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ~£z¶˛y ÏÓ Ñ˛yò ¢yïò#/v z ôÑ˛Ó ÏíÓ (tools)õyïƒˆÏõ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ÎÖò ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò Ü¶˛#Ó˚ì˛yÓ˚ (depth of learning) ˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ô Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚òñ ì˛yˆÏÑ˛£z

Ó Ïú !üÖ ÏòÓ õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment of Learning)– xy ÏÜÓ ~£z !ú!Öì˛/¢ÇÜ,!£ì˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ôÓ(recorded information) v z ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎÖò xyÓ˚Á x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛ !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy

Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚ñ ì˛Öò ì˛y ÏÑ˛ Ó Ïú !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ/v z ÏjˆÏüƒ õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment for Learning)–~Ó˚£z x˛ôÓ˚ òyõ £ú !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò/≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò (Remediation)–¢ÇÜ,!£ì˛ ì˛Ìƒ˛ô%O£z õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ õ)ú !¶˛!_ ~ÓÇ ~ ÏÑ˛ Ñ˛w Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß !üÖò !Ñ Î˚yÑ˛úy˛ô xyÓ!ì≈ ì˛

£Î˚– xyÓ˚ ~£z ì˛Ìƒ ¢ÇÜ,!£ì˛ £Î˚ !ÓˆÏü°Ï õyòyAÑ˛ò v˛z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ¢£ˆÏÎyˆÏÜ (assessment tools)–

10.2 õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#/v z ôÑ˛Óí Ñ˛y ÏÑ˛ Ó Ïú⁄ (What is an AssessmentTool?)

õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò# Óy õ)úƒyÎò ¢£yÎÑ˛ v z ôÑ˛Óí¢õ)£ £ú ˆ¢£z ¢õhfl Ï v z ôyîyò ÎyÓ õyïƒ Ïõ xy˛ôòyÓy

xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ ˛ôäÈ®¢£z õyòyAÑ˛ò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó ãòƒ ì˛Ìƒ/v z ôy_ (data) ¢Ç@˘Ã£ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚

v˛z˛ôyîyòÈÙÈ¢õ!ß∫ì˛ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#¢õ)£ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ˆÎ ì˛Ìƒ ˛ôyò ì˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y

ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò ˆÎ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yõƒ !üÖò x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒ/¢yõÌ≈ƒ úy¶˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ

!Ñ˛òy– ~Ñ˛ãò ¢ö˛ú !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y !£¢yˆÏÓ v˛zß¨ì˛ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚í !òõ≈yí ~ÓÇ

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢%!Óïy ~ÓÇ ¢#õyÓÂïì˛yÓ˚ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ K˛yò ÌyÑ˛y Ö%Ó£z ãÓ%Ó˚#–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛y ˆÎ Ï£ì% ã#ÓòÈÙÈ˜üú#Ó˚ (Life-skill) ¢ ÏAÜ ã!v ¸ì˛ñ õyòyAÑ˛ò v z ôÑ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚

!òÓ˚hs˘˛Ó˚ v˛zß¨!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚í ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ¢ÇÎ%ì˛ (composite) !Óîƒy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ ˆ«˛ Ïe xyÓ!üƒÑ˛

InformationRecording

of learning

Reporting

for learning

Further enchancementin learning Assessment

Assessment

ì˛ˆÏÌƒÓ˚ ¢Ç@˘Ã£í

!üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ/v z Ïj Ïüƒ õyòyAÑ˛ò

!üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò/≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò

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~Ñ˛!›˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ !£¢yˆÏÓ !ÓˆÏÓ!â˛ì˛ £Î˚– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ Ñ˛ì˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú

õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#Ó˚ v zîy£Ó˚í £úÈÙÙÙÈ

˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛íõ)úÑ˛ xò%¢)!â˛ (Observational schedule), â˛Ñ˛!úT˛ñ õyò !òï≈yÓÑ˛ õy˛ôÑ˛y!‡˛ (Ratingscale), ◊ÓíÈÙÈîü≈òõ)úÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô (audio-visual recordings) £zì˛ƒy!î–

10.2.1 õ)úƒyÎòÈÙÈ¢yïò#Ó !òõ≈yí ~ÓÇ !òÓ≈yâ˛ò (Developing and SlectingAssessment Tools) :

õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò# !òõ≈yˆÏíÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛ì˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú ˆÖÎ˚yú Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ˆÎõò õyòyAÑ˛ò

¢yïò#Ü%!ú Îò £Î ÎÌyÌ≈ (valid), !ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒ (reliable), òõò#Î (flexible) ~ÓÇ òƒyÎƒ (fair)xÌ≈yÍ !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛– v˛z˛ôˆÏÓ˚y=˛ â˛yÓ˚!›˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ ¢ˆÏõì˛ !ò!õ≈ì˛ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#/v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚í

v zß¨ì˛õy ÏòÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ò ÏÑ˛£z !ò Ïî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ– õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò# ≤ÃòÎ˚ ÏíÓ˚ õ)ú ïy˛ôÜ%!ú £ú !üÖò

x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒ/v˛zˆÏjˆÏüƒÓ˚ (Learning objective) !ò!î≈T˛Ñ˛Ó˚íñ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò ˆÑ˛ÔüˆÏúÓ˚

(Techniques) !òÓ≈yâ˛òñ ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ¢,ãòñ v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ˛ô!Ó˚õyã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚y

Îy Ïì˛ ì˛y £ ÏÎ˚ Á Ï‡˛ ÎÌyÌ≈ñ !ò¶≈ Ó˚ ÏÎyÜƒ ~ÓÇ òõò#Î˚–

10.2.2 õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#¢õ)£ ı õ Ïò ÓyÖyÓ !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú (Assessment Tool :Points to Remember)1. õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò# !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢yõO¢ƒ˛ô)í≈ £ ÏÓ– (The Tool should matchthe content of teaching-learning)x¶˛#«˛y˛ôîÜ%!ú (Test items) !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ïyÓ˚íy Á î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ïy ÏÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ~õò¶˛y ÏÓ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £ ÏÓ

ÎyˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ¢Ó≈yˆÏ˛ô«˛y Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !îÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈üÑ˛yÓ˚# £Î˚–

xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôîÜ%!ú !üÖò ¢yõÌ≈ƒÜ%!ú ÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛õò¶˛y ÏÓ ≤Ã!ì˛ö˛!úì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏäÈ ì˛y ãyòyÓ˚ ãòƒ

~Ñ˛!›˛ ãyú (grid) ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ÎyÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!îˆÏÑ˛ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏÓ Ñ˛yõƒ !üÖò x!¶˛ú«˛ (Learningobjectives) ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ xòƒ!î ÏÑ˛ ÌyÑ˛ ÏÓ ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò ¢yïò#Ü%!ú (assessment tools)–≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ x¶˛#«˛y ˛ôˆÏîÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆÎ !üÖò ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ ì˛y ~£z Ú!@˘Ãv˛Û ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

¢£ Ïã£z !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y Îy ÏÓ–

2. x¶˛#«˛y ôîÜ%!ú £ˆÏÓ ÎÌyÌ≈ñ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎyÜƒ ~ÓÇ !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ (Tests should be valid, reliableand balanced)–~Ñ˛!›˛ x¶˛#«˛yˆÏÑ˛ ì˛Öò£z ÎÌyÌ≈ Óúy ÎyˆÏÓ ÎÖò ì˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úÜ%!ú myÓ˚y ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚

!Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ïyÓ˚íy ôyÁÎ˚y ¢Ω˛Ó– ~!›˛ˆÏÑ˛ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎyÜƒ (reliable) Óúy £ ÏÓ

ÎÖò ~!›˛ myÓ˚y ˆÑ˛yò äÈyˆÏeÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢yõO¢ƒ˛ô)í≈ £ˆÏÓ– ¢yïyÓ˚í¶˛yˆÏÓñ

mƒÌ≈Ñ˛ ≤ÃŸ¿¢õ)£ (ambiguous questions), xfl˛ôT˛ !ò Ïî≈ü ~ÓÇ x ÏÎÔ!=˛Ñ˛ ò¡∫Ó˚ îÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ôÂï!ì˛

x¶˛#«˛yÓ !ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒì˛yÓ ô!Ó˛ôrÌ#– !üÖò x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ (Learning outcome) ~ÓÇ !üÖò ïyÓíyÓ

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50520

ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ x¶˛#«˛yˆÏÑ˛ £ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ (balanced) ~ÓÇ ¢yõO¢ƒ˛ô)í≈–

3. ¢£ã ïyÓ˚íy ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ü%Ó˚% Ñ˛Ó˚%ò (Begin with simpler concepts) : x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃŸ¿Ü%!ú ¢£ã

ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ xˆÏ˛ô«˛yÑ,˛ì˛ Ñ˛!‡˛ò ~£z¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢yãyˆÏòy £ÁÎ˚y v˛z!â˛ì˛ ÎyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚#«˛y/x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚

¢ˆÏAÜ ¢¡ô!Ñ≈˛ì˛ v zˆÏmÜˆÏÑ˛ £…y¢ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

4. ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢õˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ÎyˆÏì˛ ¢¡ô)í≈ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe!›˛ Ó˚â˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓÈÙÙÙÈ

(Try Out Timing)

ˆÑ˛yò x¶˛#«˛y˛ôîÜ%!ú ~õò¶˛y ÏÓ ¢õ ÏÎy˛ô ÏÎyÜ# £ ÏÓ Îy Ïì˛ ì˛y òy £Î x!ì˛!Ó=˛ ¢õÎÈÙÈ!ò¶≈ Ó Óy

x!ì˛ ¢Ç!«˛Æ– ¢yïyÓí¶˛y ÏÓñ ¢ì˛ƒÈÙÈ!õÌƒyïõ≈# ≤Ã ÏŸ¿Ó ãòƒ ˆîv˛ !õ!ò›˛ñ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v z_Ó ÓyäÈy£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ

~Ñ˛ !õ!ò›˛ñ ¢Ç!«˛Æ v z_ ÏÓÓ ãòƒ î%£z !õ!ò›˛ ~ÓÇ ¢Ç!«˛Æ Óâ˛òyïõ≈# ≤Ã ÏŸ¿Ó ãòƒ îü Óy ˛ô Ïò ÏÓy

!õ!ò›˛ ~ÓÇ Óv˛ Óâ˛òyïõ≈# ≤Ã ÏŸ¿Ó ãòƒ ≤ÃyÎ !ì˛!Óü !õ!ò›˛ ïyÎ≈ Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛– ~äÈyv˛yÁ ¢Ó Ïü Ï°Ï ô%òÓ≈#«˛ ÏíÓ

(review) ~ÓÇ ≤ÃŸ¿ÈÙÈÖyì˛y îÁÎyÈÙÈ òÁÎyÓ ¢õÎ !£¢y ÏÓ x!ì˛!Ó=˛ ô§yâ ÈÙÈîü !õ!ò›˛ ÓÓyj Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛–

5. x¶˛#«˛y˛ôˆÏe ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ ~ÓÇ ôˆÏÓ˚y«˛ ôîÜ%!úÓ˚ ¢£yÓfiÌyò ÓyN˛ò#Î˚ (Include both direct and

indirect items) : ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛˛ôîÜ%!úÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ¢Ó˚y¢!Ó˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ ãyò Ïì˛ â˛yÁÎ˚y

£Î˚ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚y«˛ ˛ôîÜ%!úÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íy¢õ)£ Óy ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ÓƒÓ£y!Ó˚Ñ˛ ˆ«˛ˆÏe

Ñ˛yˆÏã úyÜyˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓ !Ñ˛òy ˆ¢ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ïõ≈# ≤ÃŸ¿Ü%!ú ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ £Î˚

˜òÓ≈ƒ!=˛Ñ˛ (objective), Óâ˛òyïõ≈# (Essary type), v z ôfiÌy˛ôòõ)úÑ˛ (presentations) ~ÓÇ ◊!í Ïì˛

ˆîÁÎ˚y Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#– x˛ôÓ˚˛ôˆÏ«˛ ôˆÏÓ˚y«˛ïõ≈# ôîÜ%!ú ¢õ#«˛y (survey), ≤ÃÑ˛“ (projects), ôÓ˚#«˛y

(experiments) £zì˛ƒy!îÓ˚ myÓ˚y ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £ ÏÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛–

x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe !òõ≈yí Î ÏÌT˛ ¢õÎ˚ !ò ÏÎ˚ ¶˛ ÏÓ!â˛ Ïhs˘˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛– x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe !òõ≈y ÏíÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ xyõy ÏîÓ˚

Ñ˛ì˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆÖÎ˚yú Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ˆÎõò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆÎ ¢Ñ˛ú !üÖò x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚ xyõÓ˚y

˛ô!Ó˚õy˛ô Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ â˛y£zñ ˆ¢£z !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôî ~ˆÏì˛ ÌyÑ˛y v˛z!â˛ì˛– ~äÈyv˛¸yÁ xyÓ˚ ˆÎ Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚Ñ˛!›˛

!Ó°ÏÎ˚ ~ Ï«˛ Ïe v z ÏÕ‘Ö ÏÎyÜƒ ì˛y £úÈÙÈ≤Ã ÏŸ¿Ó˚ Ñ˛y!‡˛òƒ õy ÏòÓ˚ (difficulty of test items) õyeyñ

x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ !Óhfl˛ÏyÓ˚ñ ïÓ˚í ~Ñ˛›%˛ ¢yö˛úyAÑ˛ (Scoring) £zì˛ƒy!î–


(a) !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ~ÓÇ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ !òÓ˚) ôí Ñ˛Ó˚%ò (Differentiate

between assessment of learning and assessment for learning)

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(b) v zß¨ì˛õy ÏòÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÙÈ¢yïò#/v z ôÑ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ˚ Ó!üT˛ƒÜ%!úÓ˚ Óí≈òy !îò– (Give key features of

a good assessment tool)

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

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10.3 õyòyAÑ˛ò Ñ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ (Assessment Techniques)ˆÑ˛Ôüú £ú v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ÓƒÓ£y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛ôÂï!ì˛/≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y– xÌ≈yÍ Úv˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚íÛ £ú ˆ¢£z¢Ó ¢Ó˚Oyõ ~ÓÇ

ÚˆÑ˛ÔüúÛ £ú ¢Ó˚Oyõ ÓƒÓ£y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y– v zß¨ì˛õy ÏòÓ˚ ¢yïò#/v˛z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ~ÓÇ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛

ˆÑ˛ÔüˆÏúÓ˚ ¢ÇÎ%!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# ~ÓÇ xÌ≈Ó£ õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y

¢Ω˛Ó–

NCF 2005 ~ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ K˛yò (knowledge) ¢ÇÜ‡˛ ÏòÓ˚ Á˛ôÓ˚ ˆãyÓ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y £ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ–

!üü%Ó˚y ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !òãfl˛∫ K˛yò ÓãyÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÖ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òãfl˛∫ Ü!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò

(learning) ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ïyÓ˚yˆÏÑ˛ ÓãyÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÖ– ÎÖò !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ˆüÖyÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~£z !òãfl˛∫

Ü!ì˛ü#úì˛y Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈñ ì˛Öò fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ£z ≤ÃŸ¿ãy ÏÜ ˆÎ ¢Ó !üü% ÏÑ˛£z !Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛£z ¢õ ÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛£z

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ xAÜ#¶)˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y v z!â˛ì˛⁄ ~Ó˚ v˛z_Ó˚ ¢Ω˛Óì˛ òyñ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !üü%£z xòòƒ ~ÓÇ

ì˛yÓ˚ !üÖò ˜üú# ~ÓÇ ˛ôäÈ®Á xyúyîy £Î˚– !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ Ü!ì˛ü#ú ≤ÃÑ,˛!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

fl˛∫ì˛s˛fƒ â˛y!£îy !ÓˆÏÓâ˛òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ñ NCFÈÙÈ~ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨ õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ (Comprehensiveand Continuous assessment) ïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ ˆãyv ¸ ˆîÁÎ˚y £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ– xy˛ôòyÓ˚y !òÿ˛Î˚£z ~£z

!Ó°Ï ÏÎ xÓÜì˛ ¢ñ ¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò Ñ˛Ôüú õ)úì˛ õÔ!ÖÑ˛ñ !ú!Öì˛ ~ÓÇ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛y (performance)~£z !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!úÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛– ~Öò EVS !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ Ñ˛Ôüú

x Ï Èª°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÑ˛–

10.3.1 ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ïõ≈# ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢)£ (Oral Techniques) :

xy˛ôòyÓy ¢Ñ˛ Ïú õÔ!ÖÑ˛ ôÓ#«˛yÓ ¢ ÏAÜ ô!Ó!â˛ì˛– ~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ x¶˛#«˛yÎ Ñ˛yò Óƒ!=˛ñ Ñ˛ ÏÎÑ˛ãò ÏÑ˛

~Ñ˛¢ ÏAÜ Óy ô% ÏÓy Ñœ y¢ ÏÑ˛£z ~Ñ˛¢ ÏAÜ xhs˘ ¶%≈ =˛ Ñ˛Óy £ Ïì˛ ôy ÏÓ– !ü«˛yÌ≈# ¢Óy¢!Ó !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ

≤Ã ÏŸ¿Ó v z_Ó îÎ– EVSÈÙÈ~Ó ÓƒÓ£y!Ó ÏÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ ¢¡ô)ÓÑ˛ (Supplementary) !£¢y ÏÓ õÔ!ÖÑ˛

x¶˛#«˛y ˆòÁÎ˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ ≤ÃŸ¿ñ !Óì˛Ñ≈˛ñ xyˆÏúyâ˛òyñ Ñ% £zãñ òy›˛Ñ˛ £zì˛ƒy!î ~£z v˛z ÏjˆÏüƒ

ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

¢%!Óïy ı

● !Ó°ÏÎ˚K˛yò ~ÓÇ ˆÎyÜyˆÏÎyÜ õyïƒõ !£¢yˆÏÓ ¶˛y°Ïy ÓƒÓ£yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

● ü∑¶˛y[˛yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˆÎÔ!=˛Ñ˛ !Óâ˛yÓ˚ «˛õì˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈–

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D.El.Ed. 50522

● ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y (feed back) ≤ÃîyˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y â˛úyÑ˛yú#ò£z !üÖˆÏò

¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

● ~Ñ˛£z ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ~Ñ˛¢ˆÏAÜ xˆÏòÑ˛ ¢ÇÖƒyÎ˚ !üü% ÏîÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛yÎ˚ò ¢Ω˛Ó Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

¢#õyÓÂïì˛y ı

● !Ó˛ôî K˛yò ~ÓÇ ¢õy Ïúyâ˛òyõ)úÑ˛ !â˛hs˘˛ò î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ (Critical thinking skills) !ÓÑ˛yü ¢ö˛ú

òyÁ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

● ~£z x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆÓ!ü ¢õÎ˚ ÓƒÎ˚ £Î˚–

● ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ ˛ôÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ !üü%Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò fiÌyÎ˚#¶˛yˆÏÓ !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ òy–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ÎyˆÏì˛ !ú!Öì˛ Óƒ!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y (feedback) ˆ˛ôˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ ˛ôÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆâ˛Ñ˛!úfi›˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆòy›˛ ˆòˆÏÓò ~ÓÇ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚

˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˆ¢£z ˆòy›˛ ¢¡∫!úì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!ú!˛ô ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò–

10.3.2 !ú!Öì˛ ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ)£ (Written Techniques) :

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !ò Ïã ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ≤ÃŸ¿Ñ˛Ó˚í (Self-questions) ~ÓÇ/xÌÓy ~Ñ˛!›˛ !ò!î≈T˛ ¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ

≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y ãyòy Ïì˛ Óúy £Î˚– !ú!Öì˛ Ñ˛ÔüúÜ%!úÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈#ñ ¢Ç!«˛Æ v z_Ó˚ïõ≈# Óy òÓ≈ƒ!=˛Ñ˛

(objective) ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ ≤ÃŸ¿ Ó˚yÖy £Î˚–

10.3.2.1 Óâ˛òyïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y ı ¢£ã x¶˛#«˛y ˛ôî (Test itmes) :

!òõ≈y ÏíÓ ãòƒ Ñ˛õ ¢õÎ ≤Ã ÏÎyãò £Î– ¢£ã x¶˛#«˛y ôîÜ%!úÓ õyïƒ Ïõ ã!›˛ú !üÖò x!¶˛ú«˛ƒÜ%!úÓ

(learning objectives) ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚Á Á !òÓ˚#«˛í ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ £ˆÏÎ˚

ÎyÎ– ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôîÜ%!ú xy ÏÓy Óyhfl ÏÓ¢¡øì˛ ~ÓÇ ¢yïyÓí#Ñ, ì˛ (generalised) Ñ˛y ÏãÓ (Task)

õ)úƒyÎ˚òÁ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˛ôÓ˚#«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v˛z_Ó˚ !òÓ≈yâ˛ò xò%õyò Ñ˛Ó˚y Ñ˛!‡˛ò £ˆÏÎ˚

˛ôÓ˚yÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !úÖòÈÙÈî«˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ Óyòyò Á

ÓƒyÑ˛Ó˚í K˛yˆÏòÓ˚Á õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

¢%!Óïy ı !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# v z_Ó˚ ˆúÖyÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ì˛yÓ˚ !òãfl ∫ !â˛hs˘˛ò ≤ÃÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ ì˛yÓ˚

Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ ïyÓ˚íyÁ ~ˆÏì˛ ≤ÃÑ˛y!üì˛ £Î˚– ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Ó=˛ˆÏÓƒÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yü «˛õì˛yñ !úÖò

î«˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ Óƒ!=˛ˆÏcÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

¢#õyÓÂïì˛y (Limitations) : Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y Ñ˛Óúõye Ñ˛ ÏÎ˚Ñ˛!›˛ ≤ÃŸ¿ v zay˛ôò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛y£zñ

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ Óïì˛y (Content validity) Ñ˛õ £ Ïì˛ ôy ÏÓ˚– v z ôÓ˚hs%˛ñ Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚

!ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒì˛y (reliability) Óƒ!=˛cy ÏÓy˛ô Ïîy°Ï (subjectivity) Óy @˘Ã!v˛Ç x¢AÜ!ì˛ myÓy e%!›˛õ%=˛

£ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

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10.3.2.2 ¢Ç!«˛Æ ≤ÃŸ¿ïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y (Short answer Tests) :

≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò xò%¢yˆÏÓ˚ñ ¢Ç!«˛Æ v˛z_Ó˚Ü%!ú ~Ñ˛!›˛ Óy î%!›˛ ÓyˆÏÑ˛ƒ Óy ~Ñ˛!›˛ î#á≈ xò%ˆÏFäÈˆÏîÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ

ˆîÁÎ˚y ¢Ω˛Ó– ~Ü%!úÓ˚ ˆúÖy ¢£ãñ Î!îÁ Ó£%õ%Ö# ˆÓ ÏäÈ ˆòÁÎ˚y v z_ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ (Multiple choice

questions) ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ~Öy Ïò x ÏòÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü ˆúÖyÓ˚ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚–

10.3.2.3 ˜òÓ≈ƒ!=˛Ñ˛ïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y (Objective type tests) :

!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ì§˛yˆÏîÓ˚ x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ !üÖò v˛z Ïjüƒ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ¢yõˆÏò ˆÓ˚ˆÏÖ

~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ ≤ÃŸ¿˛ôe ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓò– ~Öy Ïò ò¡∫Ó ôyÁÎy ¢£ã ~ÓÇ ~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ x¶˛#«˛yÓ ¢yö˛úyAÑ˛

(scoring) Î ÏÌT˛ òÓ≈ƒ!=˛Ñ˛ (objective), ÎÌyÌ≈ Svalid)ñ !ò¶≈ Ó ÏÎyÜƒ (Reliable)–

!Ñ˛hs%˘˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y Ö%Ó Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# òÎ˚–

˜òÓ≈!=˛Ñ˛ïõ≈# ≤ÃŸ¿yÓú# (Objective type Questions)

1. fl˛ø,!ì˛õrÌòõ)úÑ˛ ≤ÃŸ¿yÓú# (Recall type : temo) !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô)Ó≈y!ãì˛ K˛yò ~ÓiÇ õˆÏò

Ó˚yÖyÓ˚ «˛õì˛y/ïyÓ˚íyü!=˛Ó˚ (Power of retention) !Óâ˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚–

(a) Óyì˛yˆÏ¢ òy£z Ï›˛ΔyˆÏãˆÏòÓ˚ üì˛Ñ˛Ó˚y £yÓ˚ Ñ˛ì˛⁄

(b) ˆì˛yõyÓ˚ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ ÜˆÏv ¸ Á‡˛y ˆÑ˛yò Ü%Õ√ãyì˛#Î (Shrub) v˛z!qˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ ÓˆÏúy–

2. (Recognition type) !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚í ïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛yÈÙÙÙÈ≤ÃŸ¿ Ó% ÏG˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v z_Ó˚ !îˆÏì˛ £Î˚– ~ÖyˆÏò

xy®yã (gues work) ˆÓyï Ñ˛yˆÏã úyÜˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ïÓ˚íÜ%!ú !ò¡¨Ó˚) ô ı

(a) ¢y Ï ôÓ˚ !üÓ˚î§yv ¸y ˆò£z– S¢ì˛ƒ/!õÌƒyV

(b) ˛ô!ú!Ì ÏòÓ˚ ˜ãÓ!Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí/ã#Óyí% !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí (Biodegradable) ¢Ω˛Ó S¢ì˛ƒ/!õÌƒyV

(c) Óyì˛yˆÏ¢ x¡‘ãyò (Oxygen) ~Ó˚ üì˛Ñ˛Ó˚y £yÓ˚ Ñ˛ì˛⁄

v z_Ó˚ ı (a) 78% (b) 25% (c) 8% (d) 21%

3. ˆãyv ¸ ˆõúy Ïòy ÈÙÙÙÈ (Matching type) ~£z ãyì˛#Î˚ ≤Ã ÏŸ¿ !ò!î≈T˛ ˜Ó!ü ÏT˛ƒÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛

!Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚Ó˚ !õú Ö%§ Ïã ÓyÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £Î˚–

1. Óƒyà a. õy!›˛Ó˚/õ,!_Ñ˛yÓ˚ Ü%íõyò

2. ¢y˛ô b. v z¶˛â˛Ó˚

3. ˆÑ§˛ˆÏâ˛y c. !Ó°Ïî§yì˛

d. hfl˛Ïòƒ˛ôyÎ˚#

4. !òˆÏâ˛Ó˚ ≤Ãyí#Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆâ˛£yÓ˚yÓ˚ !Óâ˛yˆÏÓ˚ ˆäÈy›˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ Óv˛¸ ~¶˛yˆÏÓ ¢yãyò

£z§î%Ó˚ñ £y!ì˛ñ õüyñ ÜÓ%ñ !Óv ¸yúñ !¢Ç£ñ Ñ% Ñ% Ó˚

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50524

5. ¢¡ô)í≈Ñ˛Ó˚íãyì˛#Î˚ (Completion type)ÈÙÙÙÈ~!›˛ î%≤ÃÑ˛y ÏÓ˚Ó˚

(a) ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe Órïò#Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ü∑Ü%!ú ˆîÁÎ˚y ÌyˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛!›˛ ˆÓˆÏäÈ !òˆÏì˛ £Î˚–

SÈÙÙÙÈÈÙÙÙÈÈÙÙÙÈV £ú ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ôyÖ#– SÓyî%Ó˚ñ ˛ôyÎ˚Ó˚yñ ˆõÔõy!äÈñ v zv ¸hs˘˛ ÓƒyàV

(b) ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˆÑ˛yò ü∑ Órïò# ˆîÁÎ˚y £Î˚ òy ~ÓÇ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ˆÓyï Á !üÖò fl˛ø,!ì˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

v z_Ó˚ ˆÓÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £Î˚–

SÈÙÙÙÈÈÙÙÙÈÈÙÙÙÈV Üƒy¢ ¢õhfl Ï ã#Óhs˘˛ ≤Ãyí#Ó˚ ãòƒ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈–

6. Ó£%!òÓ≈yâ˛ò# ãyì˛#Î˚ (Multiple choice) ~Öy Ïò x ÏòÑ˛Ü%!ú ¢Ω˛yÓƒ v z_Ó˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y Ìy ÏÑ˛

ÎyÓ˚ õïƒ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛!›˛ ˆÓˆÏäÈ !òˆÏì˛ £Î˚– ˆÓ!üÓ˚¶˛yÜ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ò)ƒòì˛õ â˛yÓ˚!›˛ v˛z_Ó˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y

ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ v˛z ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !îˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ñœ yˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˛ôˆÏ«˛ v˛z ôÎ%=˛ ÓˆÏú Üíƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

¢%!ÓïyÈÙÙÙÈx“¢õÎ˚ñ ˆÓ!ü ò¡∫Ó˚ ˛ôyÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ~ÓÇ !Óhfl˛,Ïì˛ xÇü ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ñ˛y!‡˛òƒõyˆÏòÓ˚

≤ÃŸ¿ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

¢#õyÓÂïì˛yÈÙÙÙÈ~£z ïÓ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃŸ¿ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ x ÏòÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü ¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í x ÏòÑ˛ Ö%!›˛ ÏÎ˚

≤ÃŸ¿ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £Î˚ !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ~ÖyˆÏò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yˆÏÓ (attitude) ˆÑ˛yò õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ òy–

xˆÏòÑ˛ ¢õÎ˚ xy®yˆÏãÁ (ghessing) xˆÏòˆÏÑ˛ ˆflÒyÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

10.3.3 Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y (Performance Test)

~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ !ò!î≈T˛ ˆÑ˛yò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ¢ÇÜ‡˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛ ÏíÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ

ì˛yÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ !ò!î≈T˛ õhs˘˛Óƒ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ˆîÁÎ˚y ˆÑ˛yò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ˆÎõò ˆÑ˛yò ˛ôÓ˚#«˛y ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈yÎ˚Ñ ˛!õÑ˛ ïy˛ôÜ%!úÓ˚

!ò!î≈T˛ ¢õˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ Óí≈òy ˆîÁÎ˚yñ !â˛eyAÑ˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚y Óy ˆÑ˛yò !ÓˆÏü°Ï !òˆÏî≈ü ˛ôyúò ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛yò

Óyhfl˛ÏÓ/Ñ˛!“ì˛ á›˛òyÓ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ xò%¶) !ì˛Ó˚ ÓƒyÖƒyÑ˛Ó˚í £zì˛ƒy!î Ñ˛yˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

v z˛ôÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~!›˛

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# Ñ˛yÓ˚í ~ÖyˆÏò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yÓ˚ !üÖò î«˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚îü≈ò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÖyˆÏì˛ £Î˚–

¢%!Óïy ~ÓÇ ¢#õyÓÂïì˛y (Advantages and Limitations) Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y ˆÌ ÏÑ˛

≤ÃyÆ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y !üÖò !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ xhs˘˛î,!T˛ (Insights) !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !üÖò

˜üú# ~ÓÇ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ ïyÓ˚íy ˆîÎ˚– ~Ó˚ ö˛ Ïú !ü«˛Ñ˛ÈÙÈ!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ

˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ !õÌ!‹;Î˚y (Interaction) v zß¨ì˛ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ ÏAÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ fl ∫ÈÙÈõ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ

Ó,!Âï ˛ôyÎ˚– ~£z ˛ôÂï!ì˛ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ã#ÓòÈÈÙÈ˜üú#¢õ)£ (Life skills) ˆÎõòÈÙÙÙÈ

ˆòy›˛



¢£ ÏÎy!Üì˛yñ x ÏòƒÓ˚ õì˛ ¢£ã¶˛yÓ @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y £zì˛ƒy!î ˜Ó!ü ÏT˛ƒÓ˚ v zß¨!ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÜ ÏúÁ

˛ôÂï!ì˛!›˛ ÎˆÏÌT˛ ¢õÎ˚ ¢yˆÏ˛ô«˛ ~ÓÇ ÎˆÏÌy!â˛ì˛ ˛ô)Ó≈ÈÙÈ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òyñ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í ~ÓÇ ò!ÌÑ˛Ó˚í (Re-

cording) î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#ú–

10.3.4 ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe òÑ˛ú v z_ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢Ç Ïüyïò (Correcting Mock An-

swers in EVs)

SÓ˚â˛òyïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛“ !£¢yˆÏÓV ~õò ~Ñ˛!›˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛Ó%ò ÎyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y

¢ÇˆÏüyïòñ v z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !Óhfl˛ÏyÓ˚ Óy ≤ÃÎ%=˛ Î%!=˛ õ[˛ˆÏúÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ ~ˆÏÑ˛ x˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ

Î ÏÌT˛ xy Ïúyâ˛òyÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ˛ôyÎ˚– Óyhfl ÏÓ Ï«˛ Ïe ÓƒÓ£y ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ xy ÏÜ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ˆîÁÎ˚y ˆÎ ÏÑ˛yò

4!›˛ Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# ≤ÃŸ¿ !‡˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖ%ò ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ v zß¨ì˛õyˆÏòÓ˚ xÌâ˛ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ !îÑ˛ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

e%!›˛˛ô)í≈ v z_Ó˚ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó%ò ÎyˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ˆ¢Ü%!úÓ˚ ¢¡ôyîòy Ñ˛Ó˚yñ ¢ÇˆÏüyïò

Ñ˛Ó˚yñ v z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !Óhfl˛ÏyÓ˚ Óy Î%!=˛ õ[˛ˆÏúÓ˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ˛ôyÎ˚– òÑ˛ú Ó˚â˛òyïõ≈# v z_Ó˚Ü%!úÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ £zFäÈyÑ, ì˛

¶% ú ïyÓ˚íyñ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !Ñ˛hs%˛ x¢¡ô)í≈ v z_Ó˚ Óy xÌ≈£#ò ïyÓ˚íy ˆîÁÎ˚y ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ˆÑ˛yò ˆÑ˛yò ˆ«˛ˆÏe

ü%ï%õye ~Ñ˛!›˛ Óy î%!›˛ ~ì˛!›˛ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe ü%ï%õye ˛ôäÈ®

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛y£z òyñ ~ˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÓyïñ !¢Âïyhs˘˛ @˘Ã£íñ ¢¡ôyîòyñ ¢ÇˆÏüyïòñ ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yÜ

£zì˛ƒy!î !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ì˛yÓ˚y xˆÏòÑ˛ î«˛ì˛y xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ˆÓyï ˛ôÓ˚#«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ ~ˆÏì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí# «˛õì˛yÓ˚Á !ÓÑ˛yü £Î˚–

10.3.5 ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛íõ)úÑ˛ ˆÑ˛Ôüú (Observation Technique) : ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy (EVS)

!ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ì˛Ìƒ¢Ç@˘Ã£ xì˛ƒhs˘˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈– !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ïyÓ˚íy Ñ˛ì˛›˛y

î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏäÈ Óy ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏì˛ ì˛yÓ˚

õ)úƒ xò%ïyÓò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏäÈ ~£z ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ì˛Ìƒ ˆ˛ôˆÏì˛ ~£z ˛ôÂï!ì˛ xy˛ô!ò ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò– ü%ï%õye ì˛Ìƒ ~ÓÇ K˛yò äÈyv˛¸yÁ ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ xy˛ô!ò !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ (attitude)

~ÓÇ õ)úƒˆÏÓyï (Value) ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛Á xÓ!£ì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í ˆÑ˛Ôüú ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ !õÌ!‹;Î˚y ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò

ˆÎõòñ

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ xyâ˛Ó˚í Á õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛

Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ~ÓÇ îúÜì˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ «˛õì˛y Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

¢õ¢ƒy ¢õyïyò Á «˛õì˛yÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛í

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛yü ~ÓÇ ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ Óƒy˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ K˛yì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50526

ˆ◊!í Ïì˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï ˆÎ ¢Ñ˛ú õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢yïò# (Tools) ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £Î˚ ì˛yÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÎ˚Ñ˛!›˛ £ú

˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛íõ)úÑ˛ xò%¢)!â˛ñ ˆÓ˚!›˛Ç ˆflÒú ~ÓÇ ˆflÒyÓ˚ Ñ˛yv≈˛¢– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚

~õò Ñ˛ì˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢yïò# !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ ~Öò xy Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚y £ ÏFäÈ–

(a) ˛ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛íõ)úÑ˛ xò%¢)!â˛ (Observation Schedule)

xy˛ôòyÓ õ)úƒyÎò !òÓ≈rï@˘Ã ÏrÌ (assessment register) ~Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ô,¤˛yÎ ~Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó

ãòƒ ì˛Ìƒ !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ÓƒÓfiÌy Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ~Ñ˛!›˛ !ü«˛yÓˆÏ°Ï≈Ó˚ ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í

¢ÇÑ yhs˘˛ ì˛Ìƒy!î ~ÖyˆÏò !ú!˛ôÓÂï Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú ~Óƒy˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ £ˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ

a. !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ!Ó°ÏÎ˚ ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#

b. îúÜì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#

c. Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#

d. îˆÏúÓ˚ xòƒyòƒ ¢î¢ƒ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ (attitude)

e. ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ v z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy

f. ¢Óy£zˆÏÑ˛ ◊Âïy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛òy

g. ◊ ÏõÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ õÎ≈yîy xy ÏäÈ !Ñ˛òy

h. ˆüÖyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ¶˛yúÓy¢y/xy ÏÓÜ !Ñ˛Ó˚Ñ˛õ

i. !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏì˛ x!ã≈ì˛ K˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ !Ñ˛òy

j. ˆÑ˛yò ¢% ôy!Ó˚ü/ö˛ˆÏúyÈÙÈxy˛ô/!ÓˆÏü°Ï v˛z˛ôyîyò

(b) õyò !òï≈yÓ˚Ñ˛ õy˛ôõy!‡˛ (Rating Scale)

~!›˛Á ~Ñ˛!›˛ !ÓˆÏü°Ï ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í ˆÑ˛Ôüú– ˆ◊!íÑ˛ˆÏ«˛ Óy ˆ◊!íÑ˛ˆÏ«˛Ó˚ Óy£z ÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚K˛yò

Óy !ü«˛yÓ!£¶)˛≈ì˛ Óy!£ƒÑ˛ xyâ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ Ü%íÜì˛ Óy ˛ô!Ó˚õyíÜì˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˆÎ xyâ˛Ó˚í ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ ì˛y ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ õyò Ó%ˆÏG˛ 1, 2, 3 Óy ¶˛yˆÏúyñ õyG˛y!Ó˚ñ

ÖyÓ˚y˛ôñ ¢¡ô)í≈ ¢£õì˛ ˆ˛ôy°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚yñ ¢£õì˛ x!ò!î≈T˛ñ x¢£õì˛ ˆ˛ôy°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚y Óy ¢¡ô)í≈ x¢£õì˛

ˆ˛ôy°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚y £zì˛ƒy!î !Ó!¶˛ß¨ õyò !òˆÏî≈ü Ñ˛Ó˚y Óy ˆÓ˚!›˛Ç Ñ˛Ó˚yˆÏÑ˛£z ˆÓ˚!›˛Ç ˆflÒú ÓˆÏú–

Óã≈ƒ˛ôîyÌ≈ !ò‹Òy°Ïí Á ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ õ)úƒˆÏÓyï ~ÓÇ xò%¶) !ì˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚!›˛Ç ˆflÒú

(Rating Scale on understanding of waste material disposal and associated values

and impressions)

ˆòy›˛



Ñ !õÑ˛ !ÓÓ,!ì˛¢õ)£ ¢¡ô)í≈¢£õì˛ ¢£õì˛ x!ò!î≈T˛ x¢£õì˛ ¢¡ô)í≈

òÇ x¢£õì˛

Sl. No. (Statements) (Strongly (Agree) (Indefinite) (Disagree) (Strongly

Agree) (Agree) (Indefinite) (Disagree) disagree)

1. áÓ˚ÈÙÈÓy!v˛¸ ˛ô!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚

Ó˚yÖy ~Ñ˛õye

õyˆÏÎ˚ˆÏîÓ˚£z îy!Î˚c

2. Óã≈ƒ˛ôîyÌ≈ Óy!v˛¸Ó˚

Óy£zˆÏÓ˚ ˆö˛úy

v z!â˛ì˛–

3. !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ

Ó Ïã≈ƒÓ˚ ãòƒ

xyúyîy xyúyîy

v˛yfi›˛!Óò ÌyÑ˛y

v z!â˛ì˛

4. ˛ô!ú!Ìò ÓƒyˆÏÜÓ˚

˛ô%òÉÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

£ÁÎ˚y v z!â˛ì˛

5. xyõyÓ˚ Óy!v ¸

˛ô!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ Ó˚yÖy

xyõyÓ˚ Ñ˛ì≈˛Óƒ

6. Óã≈ƒ ˛ôîyÌ≈ ÏÑ˛

˛ô%!v˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˆö˛úy

v z!â˛ì˛–

7. ˛ô!ú!Ìò ÓƒyÜ

ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ õ,!_Ñ˛y

î)°Ïí á Ï›˛–

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50528

8. ˛ô!ú!ÌˆÏòÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚ÓˆÏì≈˛

Ñ˛yÜ ÏãÓ˚ ÓƒyÜ

Ñ˛yõƒ òÎ˚–

9. ˛ôâ˛òü#ú ¢!∂

ãyì˛#Î˚ Óã≈ƒˆÏÑ˛

!õ◊ ¢y ÏÓ˚

ô!Ó˚íì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y

v z!â˛ì˛–

10. ≤Ã Ïì˛ƒÑ˛ Óy¢ ÏÎyÜƒ

fiÌyˆÏò ~Ñ˛!›˛

ÎÌyÎÌ ˛ôÎ≤Ãíyú#

ÌyÑ˛y v z!â˛ì˛–

(c) ◊ÓíÈÙÈîü≈òõ)úÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô¢õ)£ (Audio-Visnal recordings)

~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô ò!Ì¶% =˛Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏú ì˛y !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ !üÖòÈÙÈÑ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛yÓ˚#ì˛y ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛

Ü%Ó˚%c˛ô)í≈ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y (feedback) Óƒ=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛

á›˛y !üÖò xÓfiÌyÓ˚ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ x ÏòÑ˛ xÈÙÈˆõÔ!ÖÑ˛ (non-verbal)/!ú!Öì˛ ˆÎyÜy ÏÎyÜ (Commu-

nication) ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ K˛yì˛ £ÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ~£z ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ˚ Îy!s˛fÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ ò!Ì¶% =˛Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú ì˛y £ˆÏÎ˚

ÁˆÏ‡˛ xˆÏòÑ˛ˆÏÓ!ü !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ (Unbiased) ~ÓÇ ˜òÓƒy!=≈ Ñ˛ (objective)

10.3.6 ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ (EVS) ˆ«˛ Ïe õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ x!ì˛!Ó˚=˛ ïyÓ˚íy¢õ)£ (Addi-

tional Ideas for Assessment in EVS)

1. Ñ ˛#v˛¸yõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y (‘‘reate-a-game’’ test) !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˆÑ˛yò ˆÓyv≈˛ Óy ü∑

!òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜõ/ˆÖúy ˜ì˛!Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ Óúy £Î˚ñ ÎyˆÏì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy ¢ÇÑ yhs˘˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆÎõò v z!qî

ãÜÍñ ÚãúÛ £zì˛ƒy!î xhs˘˛¶%≈˛=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y£z v z=˛ !ü«˛yõ)úÑ˛ ˆÖúyÓ˚

!òÎ˚õÈÙÈÓ˚#!ì˛ !‡˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

2. xÓ¢Ó ¢õ ÏÎ Ü, Ï£ Ñ˛Óy ÎyÎ ~õò ïÓ ÏòÓ x¶˛#«˛y (Take-home Tests) ~ Ï«˛ Ïe !ü«˛yÌ≈#Óy

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ ¢%!Óïy õì˛ò Ó£zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ Óy xòƒyòƒ ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ !ü«˛yõ)úÑ˛

ˆòy›˛



¢yõ@˘Ã#Ó˚ ¢y£yÎƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ v˛z=˛ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚– Ó,£Í ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ≤ÃŸ¿yÓú# ¢¡∫!úì˛ ~£z

ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y ˆ◊!íÓ˚ !ò!î≈T˛ ¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ¢Ω˛Ó˛ôÓ˚ £Î˚ òy–

3. ˛ôy‡˛ƒÈÙÈ˛ô%hfl˛ÏÑ˛ ¢£ˆÏÎyˆÏÜ ˆòÁÎ˚y x¶˛#«˛y (Open book Test) !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe Ó£z ˆîˆÏÖ

≤ÃˆÏŸ¿Ó˚ v z_Ó˚ !îˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ õ%Öhfl˛Ï !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ≤ÃÓíì˛yˆÏÑ˛ ~!›˛ î)Ó˚#¶) ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚

ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

4. îúÜì˛ x¶˛#«˛y (Group Test) ÓœÑ˛ 2~ ¢£ ÏÎy!Üì˛yõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò (Co-operative Learn-

ing) xyˆÏúy!â˛ì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ– v z=˛ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛Ñ˛yÓ˚# !£¢yˆÏÓ ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y Ö%Ó£z

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#– ~Öò ˛ô)ˆÏÓ≈y=˛ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ì˛_¥ fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚%ò ~ÓÇ !òˆÏâ˛ ˆîÁÎ˚y v˛zîy£Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ

!õ!ú ÏÎ˚ ˆîÖ%òÈÙÙÙÈ

¢% ÏÑ˛ü#ñ ~Ñ˛ãò v zÍ¢y£# !ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢y ÏÓ ˛ôM˛õ ˆ◊!íÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ

îúÜì˛/ˆÜy¤˛# x¶˛#«˛y ˆÑ˛Ôüú ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò– !ì˛!ò ¢õ@˘Ã Ñœ y¢!›˛ ÏÑ˛ Ó˚yõïò%Ó˚ SˆÓí#

xy¢£Ñ˛úy/RAINBOW → VIBGYOR] ¢yì˛!›˛ Ó˚ˆÏàÓ˚ xyîˆÏú ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢yì˛!›˛

ˆäÈy›˛ î Ïú ¶˛yÜ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ò ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛ î Ïú 5 ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ v z ô!fiÌ!ì˛ !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– ≤Ã!ì˛

î Ïú !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ !üÖò ˆ◊!íÎ%=˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ v z ô!fiÌ!ì˛ !äÈú– úyú Ó˚ ÏàÓ˚

îˆÏúÓ˚ üy!õõ ~ÓÇ ˆãy£yò Îì˛ o%ì˛ !üÖˆÏì˛ ˛ôyyÓ˚ì˛ñ Ó˚õò !äÈú ¢yïyÓ˚í õyˆÏòÓ˚ !Ñ˛hs%˛

!¢Âïyì≈ Á õ!ò®Ó˚ !Ñ˛ä%È›˛y !˛ô!äÈ ÏÎ˚ !äÈú– îúÜ‡˛ ÏòÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ¢% ÏÑ˛ü# õƒyv˛yõ ~›˛y !ò!ÿ˛ì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚!äÈ Ïúò ˆÎ ≤Ã!ì˛î ÏúÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ ˆÎò Î ÏÌT˛ !üÖò ˜Ó!â˛ ÏeƒÓ˚ ¢õy ÏÓü á Ï›˛–

5. Î%Üú x¶˛#«˛y (Testing in Pairs) ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe î%ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ îúˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛yò

!Ó Ïü°Ï ¢õ¢ƒy/!Ó°ÏÎ˚ Óy ≤ÃŸ¿ !òˆÏÎ˚ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ Óúy £Î˚– ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ˆäÈy›˛ @˘Ã% ô !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚

myÓ˚y fl˛∫ÈÙÈ!òÎ%=˛ Óy !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y myÓ˚yÁ Ü!‡˛ì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˛ôy‡˛ƒ˛ô%hfl˛ÏÑ˛ Óy

!òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ xyˆÏúyâ˛òyÓ˚ myÓ˚y ¢õ¢ƒyÓ˚ ¢õyïyò Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÜˆÏúÁ ≤ÃˆÏì˛ƒÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛

!òˆÏãÓ˚ ≤ÃŸ¿/¢õ¢ƒy !ò Ïã ¢õyïyò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ãõy !î Ïì˛ £Î˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ2

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ õˆÏì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ (EVS) ˆ«˛ˆÏe õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÑ˛yò ˆÑ˛Ôüú# v˛zß¨ì˛ì˛Ó˚ ~ÓÇ

ˆÑ˛ò⁄

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

ˆòy›˛


D.El.Ed. 50530

10.4 ô!Ó ÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ !üÖò v z Ïj ÏüƒÓ õ)úƒyÎ Ïò ˆÎ !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú õ Ïò

Ó˚yÖ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ (Points to consider while Assessing various

learning objectives in EVS)

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏ£ì% !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚ (ob-

jective) ¢õß∫ÈÎ˚ á Ï›˛ñ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ ~ Ï«˛ Ïe Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#–

!¶˛ß¨ïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛y ˆÑ˛Ôü ÏúÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛c Á !üÖò â˛y!£îyÓ˚ ˜Ó!â˛ ÏeƒÓ˚

v z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈ Ó˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y ˆÑ˛Ôüú ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

~õò ≤ÃŸ¿¢õ)£ !òÓ≈yâ˛ò Ñ˛Ó%ò Îy Ïì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ !Óâ˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü

!Óîƒy !üÖò ˆÎˆÏ£ì% !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ v zFâ˛ì˛Ó˚ !üÖò î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãì˛ƒyü#– ˆ¢ˆÏ£ì% ü%ï%õye fl˛ø,!ì˛õ)úÑ˛

(Recall type) x¶˛#«˛y˛ôî äÈyv ¸yÁ xòƒyòƒ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆÎõò ¢õ¢ƒy ¢õyïyò ˆÑ˛Ôüúñ !Ó°ÏÎ˚K˛y ÏòÓ˚

ÓƒÓ£y!Ó˚Ñ˛ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yÜ «˛õì˛yñ !üÖò ≤Ãîü≈ò î«˛ì˛y (Demonstrate)ñ ˛ô!Ó˚õyã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y

(Modify), ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúò «˛õì˛y (operate), ˜ì˛!Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Prepare and produce)

x!ß∫ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Relate) ˆÑ˛yò !Ñ˛hs%˘˛ ˆîÖyˆÏòy (Show) ¢õyïyò Ñ˛Ó˚y (Solve) ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

(Use) £zì˛ƒy!î ¢¡ô!Ñ≈˛ì˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôî xhs˘˛¶%≈˛=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !ÓˆÏŸ’°Ïí# «˛õì˛yÓ˚ !Óâ˛yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈÎ%!=˛Ó˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ˆÑ˛yò !¢Âïyhs˘˛ @˘Ã£í

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏäÈ !Ñ˛òy ì˛y Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôˆÏe !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôî ˆÎõò ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏúÖ (diagram),

˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ !òÓ)˛ôí (Differentiate), v zîy£Ó˚í ˆîÁÎ˚y (illustrate) !¢Âïyhs˘˛ @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚y (infer),

ˆîÖy Ïòy (poin out), x!ß∫ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y (Relate), !òÓ≈yâ˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚y (Select), î%£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ ˛ôyÌÑ≈ ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y

(Separate) ¶˛yÜ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆîÖy Ïòy (Subdivide) £zì˛ƒy!î !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ¢õ!ß∫ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ ¢Ç ÏŸ’°Ïí «˛õì˛yÓ !Óâ˛yÓ (to learn about ability of synthesis) x¶˛#«˛y˛ô Ïe

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃŸ¿˛ôî ˆÎõò ˆ◊!íÑ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y (Categorise) Î%=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y (Combine), ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚y

(design), ÓƒyÖƒyÑ˛Ó˚í (Explain), ˛ô%òÓ˚yÎ˚ ¢y!ã ÏÎ˚ ˆúÖy (Rearrange) ˛ô%òÉ¢,ãò (Recon-

struct), ¢ÇˆÏüyïò Ñ˛Ó˚y (Revise), ¢ÇÜ‡˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Organise) £zì˛ƒy!îÓ˚ v˛z˛ô!fiÌ!ì˛

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ¢,ãòü#ú !â˛hs˘˛ Ïò ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–

õ)úƒyÎ˚òïõ≈# î«˛ì˛y !Óâ˛yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ (To know about eaaluation skills) !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ

!Óâ˛yÓ˚ ˆÓyˆÏïÓ˚ î«˛ì˛y Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ãòƒ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ≤ÃŸ¿ ˆÎõò ì%˛úòy Ñ˛Ó˚y (Compare), ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ

ˆîÖy Ïòy (Contrast), ¢õyˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Criticise), Óí≈òy Ñ˛Ó˚y (describe) v˛z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚

ˆòy›˛



¢˛ô Ï«˛ Î%!=˛ ˆîÁÎy (Justify), õ)úƒyÓïyÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Appraise), ˛≤Ã Ï¶˛î Ñ˛Óy (discrimi-

nate) £zì˛ƒy!îÓ˚ ¢õß∫Î˚ ≤ÃŸ¿˛ôˆÏe ÌyÑ˛y ÓyN˛ò#Î˚–

¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v zÍ¢y£ÓƒOÑ˛ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y ≤Ãîyò (Give feedback) !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

!òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ !Óâ˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òyÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#

˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò ÎyˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ,˛ì˛ â˛y!£îyÓ˚ ì˛yˆÏì˛ !òÓ˚¢ò £Î˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ~Ñ˛!›˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚

xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ fl˛øÓ˚í Ó˚yÖˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ˆÎ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏú xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ÎˆÏÌT˛ òõò#Î˚

õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ ¢¡ôß¨ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

10.5 !Ó°ÏÎ ¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô/¢yÓ˚¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô

~Öy Ïò xyõy ÏîÓ˚ xy Ïúy!â˛ì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Óhfl% £ú ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ ~õò ¢õhfl Ï

v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛Ôüú¢õ) Ï£Ó˚ xˆÏ^Èª°Ïí Îy xyõÓ˚y v z=˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe

¢yÌ≈Ñ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓy–

10.6 xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ ≤Ãî_ õ Ïv˛ú v z_Ó˚¢õ)£ (Model

Answers to Check your Progress)

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ

(a) !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖòÈÙÈÜ¶˛#Óì˛y (depth of learning) Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ v z ôÎ%=˛ õyòyAÑ˛òÈÈÙÈ¢yïòy

(tools) ¢£ ÏÎy ÏÜ Ñ, ì˛ ì˛ ÏÌƒÓ˚ !ú!˛ôÓÂïÑ˛Ó˚í (recording) ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ÏÑ˛£z Ó Ïú !üÖ ÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎò (assessment of learning).

x˛ôÓ˚!îˆÏÑ˛ !ú!˛ôÓÂïÑ, ì˛ ì˛ˆÏÌƒÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ÎÖò ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚òñ ì˛Öò ˆÎ ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó/≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ¢y£yˆÏÎƒ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ì˛y ¢¡ôß¨ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò ì˛yˆÏÑ˛£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÌyÎ˚ Óúy

ÎyÎ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò (Remediation) Óy ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ v z ÏjüƒÑ, ì˛ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò (as-

sessment for learning)

(b) ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¶˛yú õyòyAÑ˛ò ¢yïò#/v˛z˛ôÑ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ (tool) ˜Ó!üT˛ƒ¢õ)£ ı

1. !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢yõO¢ƒ˛ô)í≈ £ ÏÓ–

2. ~!›˛ ÎÌyÌ≈ñ !òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ ~ÓÇ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎyÜƒ £ˆÏÓ–

3. ¢£ãì˛Ó˚ ïyÓ˚íy v˛z˛ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÜˆÏv˛¸ v˛z‡˛ˆÏÓ–

4. !ò!î≈T˛ ¢õ ÏÎ˚Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ ˆü°Ï Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~õò¶˛y ÏÓ ˜ì˛!Ó˚ £ ÏÓ–

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5. ~Ó˚õˆÏïƒ ≤Ãì˛ƒ«˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ôˆÏÓ˚y«˛ v˛z ôyîyˆÏòÓ˚ ¢õyˆÏÓü á›˛ˆÏÓ–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó˚%òÈÙÙÙÈ2

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ v z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢˛ôˆÏ«˛ Î%!=˛ !îò–

10.7 @˘ÃrÌ˛ô!O/≤Ãhfl Ïy!Óì˛ ˛ôy‡˛¢)â˛# ~ÓÇ ˆÓ˚ö˛y ÏÓ˚ Ï™Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛ySource Book on Assessment for class I-V (Environmental Studies, 2008)NCERT, New Delhi

NCF 2005, National Council for Educational Research & Training, NewDelhi

EVS textbooks class III to V, NCERT, New Delhi

Assessment in primary Schools, draft document,National Council for Cur-riculum and Assessment, Feb.2004

www.ncca.ie/uploadedfiles/publications/assessprim

www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents

web.mit.edu/tll/assessment-evaluation

www.ncert.nic.in/html/pdf/schoolcurriculum/ncfsc/ch4.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_assessment

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001262/126231e.pdf

http://www.lbrt.nl/national-professional-association-for-remedial-teachers/faq.php

http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?remedial+teaching

http://www.edb.gov.hk/index.aspx?nodeID=2607&langno=1

10.8 ˛ôy‡˛ Ïü Ï°ÏÓ˚ ≤Ãî_ xò%ü#úò# (Unit-End Exercises)

1. xy˛ôòyÓ˚ ˛ôäÈ®õì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ (EVS) ~Ñ˛!›˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ (Topic) !òÓ≈yâ˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚%ò ~ÓÇ v˛z=˛

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛íõ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛õ≈˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy/xò%¢)!â˛

(Observation Schedule) @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó%ò–

2. ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !üÖˆÏò îü≈òÈÙÈ◊Óíõ)úÑ˛ ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ôÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò/

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ˆÑ˛õò¶˛y ÏÓ v z ô ÏÎyÜ# £Î˚ ì˛y v zîy£Ó˚í ¢£ ÏÎy ÏÜ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó%ò–

33

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!üü%Ó v z ôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó ÏíÓ ãòƒ õ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ

505-Block3 : !üü%Ó˚ v˛z˛ôú!kï !Óhfl˛,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ õ)úƒˆÏÓyˆÏïÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚

~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ÈÙÈ 11 !üü%Ó v zôú!kï !Óhfl ,Ï!ì˛Ñ˛Ó ÏíÓ ãòƒõ)úƒ ÏÓy ÏïÓ ÓƒÓ£yÓ

Ñ˛y‡˛y Ïõy

11.0 – ¶) !õÑ˛y

11.1 – !üÖò v z Ïjüƒ¢õ)£

11.2 – !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò

11.2.1 – Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó ~ÓÇ ì˛Ìƒ !ò¶≈ Ó ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Óâ˛òyÓ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£

11.2.2 – õyòyAÑ˛ò ö˛úyö˛ú !Óâ˛y ÏÓ ≤ÃyÆ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Îy ≤Ãîyò

11.2.3 – ≤ÃÜ!ì˛˛ô ÏeÓ òõ%òy

11.2.4 – ≤ÃÜ!ì˛Ó ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !£¢y ÏÓ ˆ˛ôy› ≈ Ïö˛y!úÁ !òõ≈yí

11.3 – !üÖ ÏòÓ ö§ yÑ˛/e%!›˛Ó˚ !ÓˆÏŸ’°Ïí ı xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y

11.3.1 – ˛xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ v z ô ÏÎy!Üì˛y

13.3.2 – xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ô ÏeÓ ¢,ãò

11.4 – !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ ˛ôÎ≈y Ïúyâ˛òy ~ÓÇ v zßÎò

11.5 – ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ !ü«˛yÎ !üÖò v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ Ó,!ÂïÓ !ò!õ_ Ü,£#ì˛ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛úy˛ô¢õ)£

11.6 – !Ó°ÏÎ ¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô

11.7 – xy˛ôòyÓ !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ ≤Ãî_ õ Ïv˛ú v z_Ó¢õ)£

11.8 – ≤Ãhfl Ïy!Óì˛ ˛ôy‡˛ƒ¢)!â˛ ~ÓÇ ˆÓö˛y ÏÓ Ï™Ó ì˛y!úÑ˛y/@˘ÃrÌ˛ô!O

11.8 – ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ˆü Ï°ÏÓ ≤Ãî_ xò%ü#úò#

11.0 ¶) !õÑ˛y (Introduction)

xy ÏÜÓ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛Ü%!ú Ïì˛ ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛y !Ó°Ï ÏÎ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó# õyòyAÑ˛ò ˛ôÂï!ì˛ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ

!Ó°ÏÎ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ôyÓî!ü≈ì˛yÓ (Achievement) ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ˆãˆÏòˆÏäÈò– xy˛ôòyÓ˚y ~£z

!Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ xÓÜì˛ ˆÎ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ !îÑ˛ !ò Ïî≈ü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !üÖòÈÙÈïyÓ˚íy

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Î!î ˆÑ˛yò xfl˛ôT˛ì˛y ÌyˆÏÑ˛ñ ˆ¢!›˛Á õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ¢£ˆÏã£z !â˛!£´ì˛

Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–

!ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˆ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛ õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ˆÎ Î%!=˛ ˆîÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ì˛y £ú ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚

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v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!Âï Ñ˛ ÏÓ– õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment) x¶˛#«˛yÓ (testing) Ì ÏÑ˛ x ÏòÑ˛ Óƒy˛ôÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !Ó!¶˛ß

!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (formal) ~ÓÇ x!òÎ˚!s˛fì˛ (informal) Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ¢õß∫ ÏÎ˚ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ ~õò ~Ñ˛!›˛ â˛úõyò

≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y (ongoing process) ˆÎ!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ v z ôÓ˚ !üÖò òãÓ˚îyÓ˚#Ó˚ (monitor) ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ

¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò(teaching-learning) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚Á v zß¨Î˚ò á›˛yˆÏì˛ ôyˆÏÓ˚– !Ñ˛hs%˛ Ñ˛yˆÏòy õyòyAÑ˛ò

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# !Ñ˛òy ì˛y ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛õye v z ôyÎ˚ £ú õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úyö˛úÜ%!ú Î!î ˆ◊!íÓ˚

!üÖòÈÙÈ!ü«˛í ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!ÂïˆÏì˛ ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ £Î˚–

~£z ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ xyõy ÏîÓ˚ xy Ïúyâ˛òyÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ £ú õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úyö˛úÜ%!ú !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ

¢!‡˛Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !ÓˆÏŸ’°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ î%Ó≈úì˛yÜ%!ú !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ¢yˆÏÌ

¢yˆÏÌ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ Á î%Ó≈úì˛yÓ˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ Ñ˛yˆÏã úyÜyˆÏòy ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

xyõÓ˚y xyÓ˚Á ãyò ÏÓy ˆÎ !Ñ˛¶˛y ÏÓ õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ≤ÃyÆ ö˛úyö˛ ÏúÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ

!Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛yÓ˚ (EVS) ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ÎyˆÏì˛

¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y ÓãyÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛–

11.1 !üÖò x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ¢õ)£ (Learning Objectives)~£z ~Ñ˛Ñ˛!›˛ ˛ôy‡˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïú xy˛ôòyÓy ~Ü%!ú ¢£ Ïã£z Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ õyïƒ Ïõ ≤ÃyÆö˛úÜ%!ú !ò ÏÎ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ ¢ ÏAÜ xy Ïúyâ˛òy

Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖ ÏòÓ ¢ö˛úì˛y ~ÓÇ î%Ó≈úì˛yÜ%!ú !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ ÏÓò–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò e%!›˛Ü%!ú !òÓ˚¢ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢£ˆÏÎy!Üì˛y ~ÓÇ !òˆÏî≈ü îyò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

● !üÖò ö§ yÑ˛Ü%!ú î)Ó˚#Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ !ÓÑ˛“ !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ ÏÓò–

● !üÖò v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ≤ÃíÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏÓò–

11.2 !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò (Reporting Students’Progress)

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò õyòyAÑ˛ò (Assessment) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ !mì˛#Î˚ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ xÇü–

õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ≤ÃyÆ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ¢ÇÑ ˛yhs˘˛ ì˛Ìƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈#¢ˆÏõì˛ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚

Óƒ!=˛ÓÜ≈ ÏÑ˛ ãyòy Ïòy ~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ x!¶˛ú«˛ƒ/v˛z Ïjüƒ– ~!›˛ äÈyv˛¸y õ)úƒyÎ˚ò xÌ≈£#ò– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ñ

x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ ≤ÃyÆ

¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y (feedback) ≤Ãîy ÏòÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖ Ïò ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ ¢ ÏÓ≈y˛ô!Ó˚

¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ (learning) v˛zß¨Î˚ò£z õyòyAÑ˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ,˛ì˛ v˛zˆÏjüƒ–

~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛y!ïÑ˛ v˛z˛ôyÎ˚ xyˆÏäÈ ı !Ó˚ˆÏ˛ôy›≈˛ Ñ˛yv≈˛ ˆÎõò äÈy˛ôyˆÏòy ≤ÃÜ!ì˛˛ôeñ £zˆÏúÑ˛!›˛ΔÑ˛ ≤ÃÜ!ì˛˛ôeñ

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v˛Ñ%˛ˆÏõr›˛y!Ó˚ ≤Ãõyí¢õ)£ñ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ¢y«˛yÍ ~ÓÇ xyÓ˚Á xˆÏòÑ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È ~Ó˚ xhs˘˛¶≈%˛=˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛Ó˚

!Ñ˛ä%È !òãfl˛∫ ¢%!Óïy ~ÓÇ ¢#õyÓÂïì˛y xyˆÏäÈ– ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ ~ÓÇ â˛y!£îyÓ˚ v˛z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~£z ¢õß∫Î˚

ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò ~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ v˛z ÏÕ‘ÖˆÏÎyÜƒ ~ÓÇ x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ õyòîu˛–

≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ õhs˘˛Óƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ x!¶˛¶˛yÓ ÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ Ü¶˛#Ó˚ xÌ≈Ó£–

!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ~£z !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ¢ˆÏâ˛ì˛ò £ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ– ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏòÓ˚ õ)ú ú«˛ƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ˆÏÑ˛

¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛Ó˚yó ~£z Ñ˛Ìy õ Ïò ˆÓ˚ ÏÖ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢ÇˆÏÓîòü#ú

£ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ– ¢%ì˛Ó˚yÇñ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò!›˛ ÏÑ˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚£z !üü%Ó˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò Óúy £ ÏÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛–

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛y !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ãyò Ïì˛ xy@˘Ã£#– õ)úƒyÎ ÏòÓ «˛ Ïe !üÖò ôÂï!ì˛ Ïì˛

£z!ì˛Óyâ˛Ñ˛/¢îÌ≈Ñ˛ î,!T˛¶˛!AÜ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò ˛ô ÏeÓ˚ (Report card) x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ !îÑ˛Ü%!ú ì% ˆÏú

ïÓ˚ Ïì˛ ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ ¢îÌ≈Ñ˛ ôÎ≈ ÏÓ«˛ ÏíÓ˚ (observation) ¢y ÏÌ ¢y ÏÌñ

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !üÖòÈÙÈö§˛yÑ˛ (gaps) !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚íÁ ~Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xòƒì˛õ xÇü– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ~ÓÇ

x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãˆÏò x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ¢õß∫Î˚ !ÓˆÏü°Ï¶˛yˆÏÓ xyÓ!üƒÑ˛–

11.2.1 Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó# ~ÓÇ ì˛Ìƒ˛ô)í≈ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓî ÏòÓ ò#!ì˛¢õ)£ (Principles of Effective

and Informative Reporting)

˛õ)úƒyÎò ˛ô Ïe ¢yïyÓí¶˛y ÏÓ ˆÎ ¢õhfl Ï õhs˘˛Óƒ Ñ˛Óy £Î ì˛y Ïì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ !â˛e

˛ôyÁÎy ÎyÎ òy– Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó# ~ÓÇ ì˛Ìƒ˛ô)í≈ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !ò¡!ú!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú ˛ÌyÑ˛y v˛z!â˛ì˛ÈÙÙÙÈ

● ~!›˛ ÎÌyÌ≈ñ ˛ô!Ó˚FäÈß¨ ~ÓÇ òƒyÎƒ/!òÓ˚ˆÏ˛ô«˛ £ˆÏÓ–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ î%Ó≈úì˛y î%!›˛ˆÏÑ˛£z ¢õyò¶˛yˆÏÓ ì% ˆÏú ïÓ˚ˆÏÓ–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏÑ˛!wÑ˛ £ ÏÓÈÙÙÙÈxÌ≈yÍ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Óy !üÖò Ñ˛y ÏÎ≈ (learning) Ñ˛ì˛›˛y x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ôyÓ ÏäÈ

~ÓÇ ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe fl ∫ÈÙÈ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í ~ÓÇ !òˆÏãˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛y ~ÓÇ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ ì˛yÓ˚y ¢!‡˛Ñ˛

!â˛hs˘˛y ¶˛yÓòy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏäÈ !Ñ˛òy–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖ Ïò ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ £ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ≤Ã°Ïíy (motivation) ~ÓÇ !üÖò xy@˘Ã£

Ó,!Âï Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓ–

● ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ~ÓÇ ¢£ˆÏã Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ~õò¶˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyˆÏÓ– !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò

!òõ≈y ÏíÓ «˛ Ïe !Ó!¶˛ß ¢)â˛Ñ˛ Îõò ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢õÎñ ˛ôÔòÉ˛ô%!òÑ˛ì˛y (frequency) Ñœ y Ï¢Ó ≤ÃÑ, !ì˛ ≤Ã¶, !ì˛Ó

v z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈ Ó˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ì§ y ÏîÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò ˆÑ˛Ôüú !fiÌÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓò–

● Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛y ~ÓÇ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ ÏÑ˛ Ü%Ó%c î ÏÓò– !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ xydõÎ≈yîy ÏÓyï ~ÓÇ õyò!¢Ñ˛

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fl ∫yˆÏfiÌƒÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÎˆÏÌT˛ ÎbÓyò £ˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !òõ≈yí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò ÎyˆÏì˛ ¢ÇˆÏÓîòü#ú !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ

ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy xÓy!N˛ì˛ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ¢,!T˛ òy £Î˚–

● ò#!ì˛ ÏÓyï ~ÓÇ õ Ïòy¶˛yÓ !ÓÑ˛y Ïü ¢£yÎÑ˛ £ ÏÓ– ü%ï%õye !Ó°ÏÎK˛yò Á î«˛ì˛yÓ Ì ÏÑ˛Á ô!Ó ÏÓü

!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~Ó˚ Ü%Ó˚%c x˛ô!Ó˚¢#õ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ö˛úò ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏò ÌyÑ˛y v˛z!â˛ì˛–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚˛ô)í≈ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ x˛ô!Ó˚¢#õ ¶) !õÑ˛y xò%ïyÓò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏòÓ˚

¢y!Ó≈Ñ˛ v zß¨Î˚ Ïò ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ãòƒ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ ˛ôÎ≈y Ïúyâ˛òyÎ˚ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ ¢y!õú Ñ˛Ó˚y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ xÌ≈Ó£ñ ì˛Ìƒ˛ô)í≈ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚y (feedback) ≤ÃîyˆÏòÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó !üÖò cÓy!^Èªì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !ò!î≈T˛ !üÖò ¢yõ ÏÌ≈ƒÓ (learning outcome) õyòî Ï[˛Ó (Standard

framework) !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ !ò!õ≈ì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˛ô) ÏÓ≈Ó˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Óì≈˛õyò ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

ì%˛úòyõ)úÑ˛ !â˛e ˛ô!Ó˚fl˛≥%˛›˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì%˛úˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

11.2.2 õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ !¶˛!_ Ïì˛ ≤Ãî_ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y (The Feedback on

Assessment Results) ~!›˛ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ £Î !ò Ïâ˛Ó !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú myÓyÈÙÙÙÈ

● ˛!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó !ò!î≈T˛ î«˛ì˛yÓ !ò Ïî≈üÑ˛ !£¢y ÏÓ ˆ@˘Ãv˛¢£ ≤Ãî_ Ü%íÜì˛ !üÖò ˛≤Ã!Ñ Îy (feedback)

ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !ÓˆÏü°Ï «˛ˆÏe î«˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ xyÓ˚Á «% o ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛íˆÏÎyÜƒ ~ÓÇ ô!Ó˚õy˛ôˆÏÎyÜƒ v˛z ôî«˛ì˛yÎ˚ ¶˛ˆÏAÜ

ˆîÖy Ïòy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ˆÏÑ˛ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ xyÓ˚Á cÓ˚y!^Èªì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ xˆÏß∫°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚y–

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ü%íÜì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y ˆÎõò Ú¶˛yúÛñ ÚÖ%Ó ¶˛yúÛñ Ú¢y£yÎƒ îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚Û (needs help) £zì˛ƒy!î

õhs˘˛Óƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yõˆÏÌ≈ƒÓ˚ ¢yïyÓ˚í £z!AÜì˛Óy£# £ˆÏúÁ ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ !òˆÏî≈üÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !ÓˆÏü°Ï

î«˛ì˛y ÏÑ˛ !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ôy ÏÓ˚ òy– ~Ó˚ ô!Ó˚Ó Ïì≈ !ü«˛Ñ˛ õ£yüÎ˚ Î!î Ñ˛y Ïòy !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ≤ÃÌõ xï≈Ó Ï°Ï≈Ó˚

˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ !Óâ˛yˆÏÓ˚ Ú¶˛yúÛñ !mì˛#Î˚ xï≈ÈÙÈ!ü«˛yÓˆÏ°Ï≈Ó˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ ÚÖ%Ó ¶˛yúÛ ~ÓÇ !ÓˆÏü°Ï õhs˘˛ˆÏÓƒÓ˚

fiÌyˆÏò ˆúˆÏÖò ˆÎ ÚÚxyˆÏúyâ˛òyÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ¢%ïy òyõÑ˛ äÈye#!›˛ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢£õì˛ ~ÓÇ !ÓÓ%ÂïõˆÏì˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yü

fl˛ôT˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ Ñ˛yv z ÏÑ˛ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ xyáyì˛ òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ !üˆÏÖˆÏäÈÛÛñ ì˛y£ˆÏú õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏòÓ˚

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# v˛z˛ôˆÏÎy!Üì˛y Ó£%Ü%í Ó,!Âï ˛ôyˆÏÓ– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !Ó˚ˆÏ˛ôy›≈˛!›˛ ¢%ïyÓ˚ !ò!î≈T˛ ~ÓÇ v˛zˆÏÕ‘ÖˆÏÎyÜƒ v˛zß¨!ì˛Ó˚

¢)â˛Ñ˛– Ú¶˛yúÛ Óy ÚÖ%Ó ¶˛yúÛ £zì˛ƒy!î Ü%íÜì˛ õhs˘˛Óƒ ¢yïyÓ˚í¶˛y ÏÓ @˘Ã£í ÏÎyÜƒ £ ÏúÁ !ü«˛ ÏÑ˛Ó˚ !òãfl ∫

õhs˘˛Óƒ£z ¢%ïyÓ˚ Úx@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚Û (progress) ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ Ü%íÜì˛ !ò Ïî≈üÑ˛–

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11.2.3 !Ó Ï ôy›≈ Ñ˛y Ïv≈ Ó òõ%òy (Sample Report Cards)

õyòyAÑ˛ò !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ NCERT myÓ˚y ≤ÃÑ˛y!üì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ Ñœ˛y¢ I-V ~Ó˚ Ó£z ˆÌˆÏÑ˛

¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ !òÓ˚!Ó!FäÈß¨ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò !ò¶ ≈Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò ˛ô ÏeÓ˚ v zîy£Ó˚í ˆîÁÎ˚y £ú–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛ ¢y£yÎƒ îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ x¢%!Óïy ÌyÑ˛ˆÏúÁ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

(Environment studies) (Needs help) Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚ (cards (can do)

with difficulty)

õyòÓˆÏîˆÏ£Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨

xAÜÈÙÈ≤Ãì˛ƒ ÏAÜÓ˚ Ñ˛yã

¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ ïyÓ˚íy xy ÏäÈ–

fl˛∫yfiÌƒ!Ó!ï ~ÓÇ ¢%fl˛∫yˆÏfiÌƒÓ˚

õ Ïïƒ ¢¡ôÑ≈ !â˛!£´ì˛

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

õyò%ˆÏ°ÏÓ˚ Ü,£˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓˆÏü

ÌyÑ˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y

xò%ïyÓò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü xò%ÎyÎ˚#

Ü,£ !òõ≈yˆÏíÓ˚ v˛z˛ôˆÏÎy!Üì˛y

!â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

!Ó!¶˛ß¨ Öyîƒ˛ôîˆÏÑ˛ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚

˛ô%!T˛õ)úƒ ¢ Ïõì˛ ˆ◊!íÑ˛Ó˚í

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚

Ñ˛yÓ˚y xyõy ÏîÓ˚ ÖyÓyÓ˚

ˆãyÜyÎ˚ ˆÎõò ˆã Ïúñ Ñ, °ÏÑ˛

≤Ã¶,˛!ì˛ ˆ˛ôüyÎ˚ !òÎ%=˛

Óƒ!=˛ ÏîÓ˚ !â˛ò Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

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D.El.Ed. 505

¶˛yÓ˚ˆÏì˛Ó˚ Ó˚yã˜Ïò!ì˛Ñ˛

õyò!â˛ Ïe !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ó˚yãƒ

~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛wüy!¢ì˛ xM˛ú ÏÑ˛

!â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôy!Ó˚–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓüˆÏ¶˛ˆÏî õyò%ˆÏ°ÏÓ˚

Öyîƒy¶˛ƒy¢ xò%ïyÓò

Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

v˛z˛ôˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ì˛y!úÑ˛y ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!úˆÏÑ˛ ¢)!â˛ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ õyeó ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !ò!î≈T˛ î«˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛

!òˆÏî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ òy– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ õhs˘˛ ÏÓƒÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚Á ¢#!õì˛–

~Ñ˛!›˛ !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ÃÜ!ì˛˛ôe ˆîÖyˆÏòy £ú ˆÎÖyˆÏò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ î«˛ì˛y¢)â˛Ñ˛ !£¢yˆÏÓ õhs˘˛Óƒ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ

ü%ï%õye Ú¶˛yúÛ Óy ÚÖ%Ó ¶˛yúÛ– ~Ü%!ú ¢yïyÓ˚í õhs˘˛Óƒ !Ñ˛hs%˛ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ !ò!î≈T˛ õhs˘˛ÓƒÁ ~ÖyˆÏò

¢ÇÑ˛!úì˛ £Î˚– !ò Ïâ˛ ˆîÖ%òÈÙÙÙÈ

EVS/Science ≤ÃÌõ xï≈!ü«˛yÓ°Ï≈ !mì˛#Î˚ xï≈!ü«˛yÓ°Ï≈

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !Óîƒy/!Óîƒyîyò Semester-1 Semester-2

1. ˛ôÎ≈ˆÏÓ«˛í î«˛ì˛y (observation skills) G G

2. ˆÓyï (Comprehension/understanding) G VG

3. Óyhfl ÏÓ ã#Ó Ïò ≤Ã ÏÎyÜ (Application real life situations) VG VG

4. ¢yïyÓ˚í K˛yò (General Awareness)) VG VG

5. fl˛øÓ˚í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ôyÓ˚y (Recall/Retention) VG VG

6. xò%ÓrïˆÏòÓ˚ î«˛ì˛y (Ability to correlate) VG VG

7. !ÓˆÏŸ’°Ïí Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚y (Ability to analyse) **VG VG

8. ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛ xyˆÏúyâ˛òy (Class discussion) VG VG

9. ¢Ç@˘Ã£ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ôyÓ˚y (Collection skills) VG VG

10. ≤ÃÑ˛“ (Project work) VG VG

11. îúÜì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# (Group Activity) VG VG

12. xÇü@˘Ã£ ÏíÓ˚ fl ∫!îFäÈy (Participation) VG VG

13. ≤Ã Ïâ˛T˛y (Effort) VG VG

39

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14. v˛z˛ôfiÌy˛ôò (Presentation) VG VG

(i) õÔ!ÖÑ˛ (oral) VG VG

(ii) !ú!Öì˛ (written) VG VG

(iii) !â˛eÜì˛ (pictorial) VG VG

15. xò%¢!rïÍ¢y (Curiosity) VG VG

Test Grands Sˆ›˛fi›˛ @˘Ãv˛V A+ A+

* G → Good S¶˛yúV ** VG → Very Good SÖ%Ó ¶˛yúV

~£z¶˛y ÏÓ ¶˛yú (G) Óy Ö%Ó ¶˛yú (VG) Óú Ïú ¢!ì˛ƒ£z !Ñ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È ˆÓyG˛y ÎyÎ˚⁄ ~ ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò

!ü«˛yÌ≈# Óy !ü«˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛yˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe£z !Ñ˛ Ö%Ó xÌ≈Ó£ ÓˆÏú xy˛ô!ò õˆÏò Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe

!ò!î≈T˛ !òÓ˚!Ó!FäÈß¨ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò (continuous assessment) ¢y Ï ô Ï«˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y õhs˘˛Óƒ ~ Ï«˛ Ïe x ÏòÑ˛ Óü#

Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚#– ˛ô)Ó≈Óì≈˛# õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ¢ˆÏAÜ ì%˛úòy Ñ˛Ó˚y õhs˘˛Óƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ ¢)â˛Ñ˛–

11.2.4 !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó Óyì≈ yÓy£Ñ˛ ö˛y£zú ˜ì˛Ó# (Portfolios to ReportProgress)

ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !£¢yˆÏÓ ˆ˛ôy›≈˛ö˛!úÁ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y

£Î˚– !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ myÓ˚y Ñ, ì˛ ¢õhfl˛Ï !ü«˛yÓˆÏ°Ï≈Ó˚ Ñ˛yã ~Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ !ò!î≈T˛ ö˛y£z Ïú ¢Ç@˘Ã£ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖy £Î˚–

● ˛!Ó!¶˛ß !Ó°ÏÎ ˆÎõò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó ˛ô!ÓÓy ÏÓÓ ¢î¢ƒ ÏîÓ Á˛ôÓ Ñ˛Óy ˆÑ˛yòÁ xAÑ˛ò !â˛e–

● ˛!Ó!¶˛ß ≤ÃÑ˛yÓ ˛ôyì˛yñ ö% úñ Ñ˛y˛ô Ïv˛Ó xAÜ!Óòƒy¢ (Textures)

● ˛Ñ˛yÎ≈˛ôe (worksheets)ñ v˛z_Ó˚˛ôeñ ˆÑ˛yòÁ Ñ˛yÓ˚ÖyòyÎ˚ !üÖòõ)úÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚îü≈ˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó˚ˆÏ˛ôy›≈˛–

● ˛Órï%ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ !ú!Öì˛ ˆÑ˛yòÁ ˆäÈy›˛ ˛ôe Óy !â˛Ó˚Ñ%˛›˛ (chits)–

● ˛!ÓîƒyúÎ˚ x!ì˛!ÌˆÏîÓ˚ v zˆÏjˆÏüƒ ≤Ãhfl%˛ì˛ ˆÑ˛yòÁ ü% Ï¶˛FäÈy˛ôe (greetings card)–

● ˛Ñ˛yÜã ˆÑ˛ˆÏ›˛ ˜ì˛Ó˚# xÓ˚#Üƒyõ#õ)úÑ˛ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ !ü“Ñ˛õ≈ ~ÓÇ Ñ˛yîyõy!›˛ ˜ì˛Ó˚# Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#–

● ˛ˆ˛ôy›≈˛ˆÏö˛y!úÁ !òõ≈yˆÏíÓ˚ ¢õÎ˚ ˆÎ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!úˆÏì˛ òãÓ˚ !îˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● ˛!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢õhfl˛Ï Ñ˛õ≈Ñ˛y[˛£z ~ˆÏì˛ ¢ÇÓ˚!«˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y £ˆÏÓ–

● õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ~ÓÇ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ¢yö˛úyAÑ˛ (test score) Óƒy!ì˛ì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ myÓ˚y Ñ, ì˛ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ Ñ˛yãÜ%!ú£z

~Öy Ïò ÌyÑ˛ ÏÓ–

● ˛¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ¢ÇÓ«˛í ≤Ã ÏÎyãò Îy Ïì˛ ≤Ã ÏÎyã Ïò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ ì˛y ˆîÁÎy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ–

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≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓî Ïò !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú Ó˚yÖy îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ

● ~!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ Î ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !¶˛ßïõ≈# î«˛ì˛yÓ (Competencies) ¢õß∫Î¢)â˛Ñ˛ ÌyÑ˛y îÓÑ˛yÓ

Îy Ïì˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ö˛úò ~Öy Ïò ¢Ω˛Ó £Î˚–

● ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ ¢)â˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ xyúyîy ˆ@˘Ãv˛ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏÓ– ~ˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ î«˛ì˛yÎ%=˛ ˆÑ˛yò !üü%Ó˚ !¶˛ß¨ïõ≈#

î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !òˆÏî≈ü ¢Ω˛Ó £Î˚–

● ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ «˛ Ïe ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓî Ïò !üü% ÏîÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ î,!T˛¶˛!AÜÓ (Hollistic

view) ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ xÓ!£ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y xyÓ!üƒÑ˛– ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚

!üÖò x!¶˛ú Ï«˛ƒÓ ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó !ÓÑ˛y Ïü !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ õ Ïòy¶˛yÓ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ

Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ ˆ˛ô§ÔäÈyˆÏòy îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

● !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢yˆÏÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ö§˛yÑ˛Ü%!úÓ˚ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ K˛yì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏì˛

x!¶˛¶˛yÓˆÏÑ˛Ó˚y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ v zß¨Î˚ˆÏò xÇü@˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ò ˆ¢ãòƒ ì§˛yˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛

¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !òˆÏî≈üòy (Guidance) ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò–


1. !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈ ˆÑ˛ò⁄

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2. ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ !ì˛ò!›˛ ≤Ãïyò ò#!ì˛ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ !úÖ%ò–

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3. Úˆ˛ôy›≈˛ˆÏö˛y!úÎ˚Û Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ ÓˆÏú ~ÓÇ !üÖò x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ !òí≈ˆÏÎ˚ ~Ó˚ Ü%Ó˚%c !Ñ˛⁄

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11.3 !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ö§˛yÑ˛ !òí≈Î˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ı xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÎ˚ò

(Analysing Gaps in Learning : Investigative Testing)~Ñ˛!›˛ !ò!î≈T˛ ~Ñ˛Ñ˛/!Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˆü°Ï Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚ xy˛ô!ò ¢yïyÓ˚íì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ Ñ,˛!ì˛ˆÏcÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛!›˛ x¶˛#«˛y ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ò– õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛ôÓ˚ñ xy˛ô!ò ˆîˆÏÖò ˆÎ

Ñ˛ ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ãò !ü«˛yÌ≈# Ö%Ó ¶˛yú x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ˆ˛ô ÏÓ˚ ÏäÈñ Î!îÁ Ñ˛ ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ãò ≤Ãì˛ƒy!üì˛ !üÖò v z Ïjüƒ

xã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ òy– ì˛Öò xy˛ô!ò ~Ó˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚í Ö§% Ïã ÓyÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓòñ ¢õ¢ƒy!›˛ ˆÑ˛yÌyÎ˚ Óy !üÖˆÏòÓ˚

õˆÏïƒ ≤Ãïyò ö§˛yÑ˛ ˆÑ˛yÌyÎ˚ ˆ¢£z !ò!î≈T˛ ~úyÑ˛y Óy ¶%˛ú ïyÓ˚íy Ö§%ˆÏã ˆÓÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y Ö%Ó£z x˛ô!Ó˚£yÎ≈–

!ü«˛yÓ˚ ~£z !Ó Ïü°Ï xM˛ ÏúÓ˚ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ï ÏíÓ˚ ãòƒ xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y (Investigative testing)≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛í ≤ÃÑ,˛ì˛˛ôˆÏ«˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ ˛Î˚yü#ú !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚

(Teaching) !¶˛!_ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ (Learning) õ ÏòÁ v zß¨ì˛ £Î˚–

11.3.1 Sxò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÎ ÏíÓ v z ô ÏÎy!Üì˛yV (Need and Utilityof Investigative Testing)

˛~£z x¶˛#«˛yÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !üü%Ó˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe xyúyîy £Î˚ ~ÓÇ ~!›˛ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛ fl ∫yì˛s fƒ ÏÑ˛

≤Ã!ì˛ö˛!úì˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ– ~£z ïÓ ÏíÓ x¶˛#«˛y (tests) ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛õ≈î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ !ÓˆÏŸ’°Ïí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò x¢%!ÓïyÜ%!ú Ö§% Ïã ÓyÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ¢ ÏÓ≈y_õ !üÖ Ïò ¢£Î˚ì˛y Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !üü% ÏîÓ˚

ˆ«˛ˆÏe !Ó!¶˛ß¨ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ v˛zß¨Î˚ò ˛ôÎ≈yÎ˚Ñ ˛!õÑ˛ £ÁÎ˚yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y !òÓ˚Ó!FäÈß¨

(continuous) £ÁÎ˚y ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò– ~£z ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛yÜ%!ú xyÓ˚Á Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚# £Î˚ Î!î !Óîƒyú ÏÎ˚ ¢õhfl Ï

!ü«˛yÓ°Ï≈ ã% Ïv ¸ ~!›˛ ~Ñ˛y!ïÑ˛ÓyÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛ £Î˚– !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ˛ôÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛y !¶˛ß¨ !¶˛ß¨ v z Ïjüƒ

¢y!ïì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– ÓäÈˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ü%Ó% Ïì˛ !ü«˛í ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ó õïƒÓì≈˛# ¢õˆÏÎ˚ ~!›˛ !òï≈yÓ˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y Ñ˛ì˛î)Ó˚ !üÖˆÏì˛ ˆ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏäÈ ~ÓÇ ~£z !üÖòˆÏÑ˛ xyÓ˚Á ü!=˛üyú# Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ xyÓ˚ Ñ˛# Ñ˛#

≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò⁄ ÓäÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆü Ï°Ï Ñ˛Ó˚y xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y ¢¡ôß¨ ÓäÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚

õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛#hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !üÖò ïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ v˛zß¨Î˚ò ~ÓÇ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ˆÓ!üÓ˚¶˛yÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ Óv˛¸ ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !üÖò x¢yõÌ≈ƒ ïÓ˚y ˛ôv˛¸ˆÏúñ !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛í (teaching) ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ~!›˛ !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ ˛ôÎ≈y Ïúyâ˛òyÓ˚ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚– ~Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !üÖò

x¢%!Óïy ¢õ)ˆÏ£Ó˚ xïƒÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÌ ¢yˆÏÌ !üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ Á !Óhfl˛Ïy!Ó˚ì˛ xïƒÎ˚ò £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛–

11.3.2 Sxò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y˛ôe ≤Ãhfl%˛!ì˛V (Development ofInvestigative Tests)

˛xò%¢rïy ÏòÓ õyïƒ Ïõ òÁÎy x¶˛#«˛y ôyÓî!ü≈ì˛yÓ x¶˛#«˛y Ì ÏÑ˛ fl˛ôT˛¶˛y ÏÓ xyúyîy– ôyÓî!ü≈ì˛yÓ

x¶˛#«˛y (Achievement test) òõ%òy ≤ÃŸ¿Ü%!ú ~ÓÇ ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ !üÖò !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú xˆÏ˛ô«˛yÑ, ì˛ ¢#!õì˛ñ

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!Ñ˛hs%˛ xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ «˛ Ïe ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ !üÖò !Ó°ÏÎ ¢y Ï ô Ï«˛ ô,ÌÑ˛ ô,ÌÑ˛ !üÖò ôî (learning

items) Ìy ÏÑ˛ó ~ÓÇ ~ÓÑ˛õ ~Ñ˛y!ïÑ˛ ôîÜ%FäÈ (cluster of items) !ò ÏÎ ~Ñ˛!›˛ v z ôx¶˛#«˛y (subtest)

˜ì˛Ó˚# £Î˚–

˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ì%˛úòyÎ˚ ~Ó˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚¢Ó˚ ¢#!õì˛ £ˆÏúÁ xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚

¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ Óƒy!Æ ~ÓÇ Ü¶˛#Ó˚ì˛y (coverage of subject matter) xˆÏòÑ˛ Ó!ü– xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛

xAÜ#Ñ˛yÓ˚ «˛ Ïe !Ó°ÏÎ˚Óhfl% Ó˚ (content) ¢ì˛Ñ≈ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ï ÏíÓ˚ ¢ ÏAÜ ¢ ÏAÜ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ myÓ˚y Ñ, ì˛ ¢Ω˛yÓƒ

e%!›˛Ü%!úÓ˚ xïƒÎ˚ò ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÙÙÈ2(Check your progress—2)

1. Ñœ y Ï¢ ˆòÁÎ˚y x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ ú«˛ƒ £ú _______________

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

(The aim of class test is to ________________the performance of pupils.

2. !òí≈yÎ˚Ñ˛ïõ≈# x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ v z Ïjüƒ £ú __________

!üÖò x¢%!ÓïyÓ˚ xïƒÎ˚ò–

(Diagnostic Test implies ________ study of (earning difficulties)

3. õyòyAÑ˛ò ~ÓÇ xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ !òÓ) ôí Ñ˛Ó%í–

(Distinguish between assessment and investigative testing)

≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓî Ïò !ò¡¨!ú!Öì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ü%!ú Ó˚yÖy îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ

~!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ Î ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîò !¶˛ß¨ïõ≈# î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ (competencies) ¢õß∫Î˚¢)â˛Ñ˛ ÌyÑ˛y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ Îy Ïì˛

~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ≤Ã!ì˛ö˛úò ~Öy Ïò ¢Ω˛Ó £Î˚–

≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ ¢)â˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ xyúyîy ˆ@˘Ãv˛ ÌyÑ˛ˆÏÓ– ~ˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ î«˛ì˛yÎ%=˛ ˆÑ˛yˆÏòy !üü%Ó˚ !¶˛ß¨ïõ≈#

î«˛ì˛yÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !òˆÏî≈ü ¢Ω˛Ó £Î˚–

˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓîˆÏò !üü% ÏîÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ î,!T˛¶˛!AÜÓ˚ (holistic

view) ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛yÓ˚ ¢¡ôˆÏÑ≈˛ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ xÓ!£ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y xyÓ!üƒÑ˛– ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÓ˚ !üÖò

x!¶˛úˆÏ«˛ƒÓ˚ ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏì˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛yˆÏü !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ ˛ôÔ§zäÈˆÏòy

îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

!ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢yˆÏÓ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ö§˛yÑ˛Ü%!úÓ˚ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ K˛yì˛ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏì˛ x!¶˛¶˛yÓˆÏÑ˛Ó˚y

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ v zßÎ Ïò xÇü@˘Ã£í Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ ôy ÏÓò ¢ãòƒ ì§ y ÏîÓ ÏÑ˛ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !ò Ïî≈üòy (Guidance)

≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò–

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11.4 !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ ˛ôÎ≈y Ïúyâ˛òy ~ÓÇ |ÍÑ˛°Ï≈ !Óïyò (Reviewingand Inproving the Teaching Learning Process)

~ì˛«˛ Ïí ~›˛y xyõÓy Ó%G˛ Ïì˛ ˛ô ÏÓ!äÈ Î õyòyAÑ˛ò ≤ÃÑ, ì˛˛ô Ï«˛ (Assessment) !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ !üÖò

x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ˆÏÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈!üì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈˆÓyï ~ÓÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ

ˆÑ˛yò ˆäÈî (gaps) ÌyÑ˛ˆÏú ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏí xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚– ~!›˛Ó˚ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ú«˛ƒ

£ú !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¶% úÈÙÈïyÓ˚íy ~ÓÇ e%!›˛Ó˚ ¢ÇˆÏüyïˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛ !òˆÏî≈üòy ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyˆÏì˛

Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ¢£ã £ ÏÎ˚ Á Ï‡˛– õyòyAÑ˛ò ö˛úyö˛ ÏúÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí ~ÓÇ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛

ÓƒÓfiÌy @˘Ã£ˆÏíÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ v zß¨Î˚ò£z !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢yˆÏÓ xyõyˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛

Ñ˛ì≈ Óƒ–

¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ¶% úÈÙÈ!üÖò ïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ (learning distertions)

¢ÇˆÏüyïò£z ü%ï% Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ òy ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ â˛y!£îy ~ÓÇ ˜üú#Ó˚ v z ôÓ˚ !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò

˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚Á ô!Ó˚õyã≈ò Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ ôy ÏÓ˚– !üÖòÈÙÈ¢õ¢ƒyÜ%!úÓ˚ î)Ó˚#Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ ~!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ôrÌyÁ Ó Ï›˛– !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ÏîÓ˚ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ôÎ≈y Ïúyâ˛òy Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò ¢y Ï ô Ï«˛ Ñ˛ÖòÁ

Ñ˛ÖòÁ ˛ô!Ó˚õyã≈ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò £Î˚– ~£z ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò ~Ñ˛ÈÙÈ~Ñ˛ãò !üü%Ó˚ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛Ó˚Ñ˛õ £ˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– !Ñ˛ä%È !ü«˛yÌ≈# £Î˚ˆÏì˛y Ñ˛yòÁ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈïyÓ˚íy Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ôyÓ˚ˆÏäÈ òyñ Ñ˛yò !üü% £Î˚ˆÏì˛y Ñ˛yò !ü«˛Ñ˛/

!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ x˛ôäÈ® Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ö˛úì˛ ˆ¢£z !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ ˛ôv˛¸yˆÏòy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Á x˛ôäÈˆÏ®Ó˚ £ˆÏÎ˚ ˛ôˆÏv˛¸ó

ˆÑ˛yòÁ ˆÑ˛yòÁ !üü%Ó˚ £Î˚ˆÏì˛y !ò!î≈T˛ !üÖòÈÙÈx¢%!Óïy ÌyÑ˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ Ñ˛yˆÏÓ˚yÓ˚ £Î˚ˆÏì˛y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ

ˆÓyG˛yÓ˚ x¢%!Óïy– ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ ˆ«˛e£z ≤ÃÑ,˛ì˛ Ñ˛yÓ˚í xò%¢rïyò !ü«˛Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ì§˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚

˛ô!Ó˚õyã≈ Ïò ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– Ñ˛ÖòÁ xyÓyÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏÑ˛ ¢y£yÎƒ Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ãòƒ ~Ñ˛ãò ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ !Ó Ïü°ÏK˛

Óy x!¶˛¶˛yÓˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ñ ˆÑ˛yò õòhfl˛Ïy!_¥Ñ˛ Óy !ÓˆÏü°Ï !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚ ¢£yÎ˚ì˛y !òˆÏì˛ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

~Ñ˛!›˛ !üü%Ó˚ !Ó Ïü°Ï ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yãò !Ó ÏŸ’°Ïí Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò xyÓ˚Ω˛

Ñ˛Ó˚y v˛z!â˛ì˛– ~!›˛ !üÖò v z˛ôyîyò ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚yÓ˚ ˛ôÎ≈yˆÏúyâ˛òy Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ v˛zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!Âï Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ ¢#õyÓÂïì˛y ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ ¢ Ïâ˛ì˛ò Ñ˛Ó˚y ~ÓÇ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ î%Ó≈úì˛y

!òÓ˚¢ ÏòÓ˚ ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ !ò Ïî≈üîyò !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ !üÖ ÏòÓ˚ ¢îÌ≈Ñ˛ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y ÏÑ˛£z Óú#Î˚yò Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– !üÖ Ïò

xòy@˘Ã£# !üü% ÏîÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ ÓîˆÏúÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ !üÖˆÏò v zÍ¢y£# Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ì% úˆÏì˛

ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy @˘Ã£í Ñ˛Óy v z!â˛ì˛– ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖ ÏòÓ «˛ Ïe !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ ¢îÌ≈Ñ˛

õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ ~ÓÇ î«˛ì˛y ÌyÑ˛y v˛z!â˛ì˛– ¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ˆÎˆÏ£ì%˛ ¢õ¢ƒyÓ˚ ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛

!â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏíÓ˚ v z˛ôÓ˚ xˆÏòÑ˛›˛y !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ü#úñ ˆ¢ˆÏ£ì% ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ xò%ÎyÎ˚# ˛ôÓ˚Óì≈˛# !üÖò ˛ôÎ≈yˆÏúyâ˛òyÓ˚

õyïƒˆÏõ !òï≈y!Ó˚ì˛ ¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ≤Ã!Ñ ˛Î˚y ~ÓÇ ˆÑ˛ÔüˆÏúÓ˚Á ˛ô!Ó˚õyã≈ò îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚ £ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

(i) ˆäÈy›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ ~Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ˆ¶˛ˆÏAÜ ˛ôy‡˛ îyò ˛ô!Ó˚â˛y!úì˛ £Î˚–

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(ii) ˆÎ›˛y ì˛yÓ˚y Óyhfl˛ÏˆÏÓ ˆîÖˆÏì˛ñ ü%òˆÏì˛ Óy xò%¶˛Ó Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ ~õò !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ Î!î ˛ôy‡˛ƒ

!Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ¢ÇˆÏÎyÜ á›˛yˆÏòy ÎyÎ˚–

(iii) Î ÏÌT˛ v zîy£Óí ~ÓÇ ◊ÓíÈÙÈîü≈òõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò ≤Ãî#˛ô ÏòÓ (tools of learning/LTM) ¢y£y ÏÎƒ

!üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúòy Ñ˛Ó˚y £ Ïú–

(iv) ã!›˛ú !Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ãòƒ ˆÓ!ü ¢õÎ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–

(v) Óƒ!=˛ÈÙÈ!ò¶≈ Ó˚ !üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ ¢% ÏÎyÜ ¢,!T˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y £ Ïú–

(vi) !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ xy ÏÓÜÈÙÈ¢Ç!Ÿ’T˛ !Ó°ÏÎ Îõò òy›˛Ñ˛ £zì˛ƒy!î ≤Ãîü≈òõ)úÑ˛ !ü“Ñ˛úyÓ (Performing

arts) õyïƒ Ïõ !üÖòÈÙÈÑ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ˛ô!Ó˚â˛y!úì˛ £ Ïú–

(vii) !üÖò v zÍ¢y£îyò ~ÓÇ v z ôÑ˛Ó˚ ÏíÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ Î!î Î ÏÌT˛ ˜Ó!â˛ ÏeƒÓ˚ ¢õy ÏÓü á›˛y Ïòy ÎyÎ˚–

!ÓÑ˛“/v z¶˛ïõ≈# !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# (Alternative teaching-learning activities) :

!Ñ˛ä%È !Ñ˛ä%È !üÖò î%Ó≈úì˛yÓ (Learning difficulties) Ñ˛yÓíÜ%!ú x Ï ô«˛yÑ, ì˛ ¢yïyÓí– Ñ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#

£Î˚ˆÏì˛y !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖˆÏò xõˆÏòyˆÏÎyÜ#ñ Óy ÎˆÏÌT˛ xò%ü#úˆÏòÓ˚ x¶˛yÓñ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ÈÙÈxK˛ì˛y Óy !ÓîƒyúˆÏÎ˚

xò% ô!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚ˆÏí ˆ¢ £Î˚ˆÏì˛y ¶% ú Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏäÈ–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Î!î !üÖˆÏò xòy@˘Ã£ ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ ì˛y£ˆÏú !òˆÏ¡ÿ=˛ ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ !ÓÑ˛“ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ¢y£yÎƒ

ˆòÁÎ˚y ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–

ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ã#Ó ÏòÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ Ü“Ü%!ú Óúyó

!ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛ô)Ó≈K˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ¢ˆÏAÜ ì˛yú ˆÓ˚ˆÏÖ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ì˛y ~ÓÇ !üÖò v z ÏjˆÏüƒÓ˚ Ó) ôyÎ˚ò–

x!¶˛K˛ì˛yÓ úy Ï¶˛Ó ãòƒ ≤ÃÌ Ïõ !ü«˛yõ)úÑ˛ ô!Óîü≈ò (field trip) ~ÓÇ ì˛yÓ˛ô ÏÓ !ü«˛ Ïí ~Üy Ïòy–

Î!î !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ !üÖò xyÓ˚Ω˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ ì˛y òy Ó%G˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚ñ ì˛y£ˆÏú ~Ü%!ú Ñ˛Ó˚y ˆÎˆÏì˛

˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

¢)e ï!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y (giving a cue) ÎyˆÏì˛ ˆ¢ !üÖˆÏò ~!ÜˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

ã!›˛ú !üÖòÈÙÈïyÓ˚íyÜ%!úˆÏÑ˛ ˆäÈy›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ ~Ñ˛ˆÏÑ˛ ˆ¶˛ˆÏAÜ ˛ôy‡˛îyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

¢Ó˚ú ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ã!›˛ú ~£z Ñ ˆÏõ !üÖò ˛ô!Ó˚â˛yúò Ñ˛Ó˚yò–

≤Ã!ì˛ !üÖòÈÙÈÑ˛y ÏÎ≈Ó˚ ãòƒ ¢õÎ˚ !ò!î≈T˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y–

≤ÃÌõ ≤ÃÌõ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ~£z ïÓ˚ˆÏíÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛Ó˚ ãòƒ Ñ õyÜì˛ v˛zÍ¢y£ ≤Ãîyò

Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓò–

fl˛ôT˛ !ò Ïî≈ü îyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

!üÖòÈÙÈv zÍ¢y£ Óï≈ ÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ Órï%Ó˚ ¢£ ÏÎy!Üì˛y ÏÑ˛ (Peer-support) ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y–

Î!î îúÜì˛ Ñ˛y Ïã !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢õ¢ƒy £Î˚ñ ì˛y£ Ïú ˆÎÜ%!ú Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ì˛y £úÈÙÙÙÈ

@˘Ã% Ï˛ôÓ˚ ¢î¢ƒˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃˆÏì˛ƒˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ îy!Î˚c !ò!î≈T˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆîÁÎ˚y–

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îúÜì˛ ¶) !õÑ˛yÓ˚ ãòƒ Î ÏÌT˛ ˆ≤Ã°Ïíy (motivation) ≤Ãîyò Ñ˛Ó˚y–

v˛z˛ôÎ%=˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏÑ˛ ˆòì,˛cîyˆÏò v˛zÍ¢y£# Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆì˛yúy–

ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Î!î fl˛∫yï#ò¶˛yˆÏÓ ~Ñ˛y Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ x¢%!Óïy £Î˚ñ ì˛y£ˆÏú Îy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏÓ ì˛y

£úÈÙÙÙÈ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ õy ÏòÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ≤ÃíÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚y– ≤Ãì˛ƒy!üì˛/Ñ˛yõƒ !üÖò x!¶˛ú Ï«˛ƒÓ˚ (expected learning outcome) Ñ˛y!‡˛òƒõy ÏòÓ˚

òõò#ÎÑ˛Óí Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ (lower the difficulty level)– ≤ÃÌ Ïõ Ñ˛õ Ñ˛õ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# !î ÏÎ˚ xyÓ˚Ω˛ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ï# ÏÓ˚ ï# ÏÓ˚ !üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚õyí Ó,!Âï

Ñ˛Ó%ò– Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ õˆÏïƒ ˜Ó!â˛eƒ SˆÎõò â˛y›≈˛ ˜ì˛Ó˚#ñ õyò!â˛e xAÑ˛íñ !â˛eyAÑ˛í £zì˛ƒy!îV xyò%ò–

11.5 ˛ô!Ó ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÎ !üÖ ÏòÓ v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!ÂïÓ ãòƒ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛(Corrective Activities for Enrichment in Learning ofEVS)

!ü«˛Ñ˛ !£¢yÓ xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ ≤Ãïyò îy!Îc £ú !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ õ Ïïƒ !üÖ ÏòÓ Ü%íÜì˛ v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!Âï Ñ˛Óy–

~›˛y ì˛Öò£z ¢Ω˛Ó ÎÖò xy˛ô!ò ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ, ì˛ ˛ôÌ≤Ãîü≈Ñ˛ !£¢y ÏÓ ~õò¶˛y ÏÓ Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏÓò Îy Ïì˛

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Óy ¢!Ñ Î¶˛y ÏÓ !üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÎ xÇü@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ ÏÓ– !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ õyïƒ Ïõ ˆ¢£z ¢õhfl Ï

fiÌyòÜ%!ú !â˛!£´ì˛ Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ˆÎÖy Ïò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Óy fl ∫¶˛yÓì˛£z î%Ó≈ú– !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ ~!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛

ã!›˛ú ôÎ≈yÎ ÎÖy Ïò xy˛ôòy ÏîÓ ÏÑ˛ !Óâ˛yÓÈÙÈ!Ó ÏŸ’°Ï ÏíÓ õyïƒ Ïõ ~õò¶˛y ÏÓ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ !ò Ïî≈üòyõ)úÑ˛ v z ôyîyò

˜ì˛Ó# Ñ˛Ó Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ÎyÓ myÓy ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓyï# !ü«˛í (Counteractive Teaching) ì˛yÓ x¶˛#T˛ ú Ï«˛ƒ v z ô!òì˛

£ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚–

ïÓ˚y ÎyÑ˛ ÚÖyîƒÛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚!›˛Ó˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ !ÜˆÏÎ˚ !ü«˛Ñ˛ õ£yüÎ˚ ˆîÖˆÏúò ˆÎ Ñœ˛yˆÏ¢Ó˚ !Ñ˛ä%È

!ü«˛yÌ≈# Ü, Ï£ Öyîƒ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛Ñ˛yÓ˚# !£¢yˆÏÓ ÚõyÛ ~ÓÇ õ!£úy ¢î¢ƒyˆÏîÓ˚ òyõ !úÖˆÏäÈ ~ÓÇ ~£z !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚

ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ ˛ô«˛˛ôyì˛ (bias) ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyˆÏFäÈ– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe !ü«˛Ñ˛ !£¢yˆÏÓ ì§˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛ì≈˛Óƒ

~£z ïyÓ˚íy ≤Ã!ì˛ÓrïÑ˛ì˛yˆÏÑ˛ î)Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y– ~ÖyˆÏò !ü«˛Ñ˛ õ£yüÎ˚ ì˛yˆÏîÓ˚ ˆÑ˛yò Óv˛¸ ˆ£yˆÏ›˛ˆÏúÓ˚ òyõÑ˛Ó˚y

~Ñ˛ãò ˛ô%Ó˚%°Ï ˛ôyâ˛ˆÏÑ˛Ó˚ Ñ˛Ìy ÓúˆÏúò Î§yÓ˚ £yˆÏì˛Ó˚ Ó˚yßÿ !ÓÖƒyì˛– ~ÖyˆÏò Ü“!›˛Ó˚ v˛zˆÏjüƒ £ú

¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛í– !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ ˆÑ˛yò e%!›˛/â%˛ƒ!ì˛ ˆîÖˆÏú£z !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yÓ˚y

ì˛yÍ«˛!íÑ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢ÇˆÏüyïˆÏòÓ˚ ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏÓò– ì˛y òy £ˆÏú !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ ≤ÃÌõ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛£z

!úAÜÈÙÈ˜Ó°Ï ÏõƒÓ˚ ÓÂïõ)ú ïyÓ˚íy (gender-stereotypes) ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ÎyˆÏÓ–

¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛ ÏíÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe ≤Ãy¢!AÜÑ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È v zîy£Ó˚í ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÑ˛ÈÙÙÙÈ

ˆ¢!úõ ¢ƒyÓ˚ ˛ôM˛õ ˆ◊!íÓ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xïƒyÎ˚ ÚõüyˆÏîÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆ¶˛yãÛ

(A treat for Mosquito) Î!›˛ xyõy ÏîÓ˚ â˛yÓ˚ ôyü (Looking Around) òyõÑ˛ ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!ÓîƒyÓ˚ Ó£z

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D.El.Ed. 505

ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ ˆòÁÎ˚yñ ˛ôv˛¸yˆÏì˛ !ÜˆÏÎ˚ ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏú ˆÎ xˆÏòÑ˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ£z Ó˚=˛y“ì˛yÓ˚ (Anaemia)ïyÓ˚íy!›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ òÎ˚– ˆ¢!úõ ¢ƒyÓ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ e%!›˛Ü%!ú ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏ¡ÿ=˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ ˛ôÂï!ì˛

xÓú¡∫ò Ñ˛Ó˚ ÏúòÈÙÙÙÈ

● ~Ñ˛ãò !Ó Ïü°Ï ÏK˛Ó˚ Ó=+ ì˛y ~ÓÇ ~Ñ˛ãò !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ xyõs˛f ÏíÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ Ó˚ Ï=˛ úÔ£ Ñ˛!íÑ˛yÓ˚

v˛z˛ô!fiÌ!ì˛Ó˚ ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãò#Î˚ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈#ˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ xò%ïyÓˆÏòÓ˚ ˆâ˛T˛y Ñ˛Ó˚yˆÏúò– !â˛!Ñ˛Í¢Ñ˛ õ£yüÎ˚

ˆÑ˛yò ˆÑ˛yò ¢!∂ ~ÓÇ ö˛ˆÏú ˆúÔ£ xyˆÏäÈ ì˛y ãyòyˆÏúò– !ì˛!ò ¢ˆÏAÜ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ó˚ˆÏ=˛Ó˚

!Ó˚ˆÏ˛ôyˆÏ›≈˛Ó˚ òõ%òy !òˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ¢!äÈˆÏúò ~ÓÇ !Ñ˛¶˛yˆÏÓ Ó˚ˆÏ=˛ !£ˆÏõyˆÏ@’y!ÓˆÏòÓ˚ üì˛Ñ˛Ó˚y £yÓ˚ õy˛ôy

£Î˚ ì˛y !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ÓƒyÖƒy Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïúò–

● ˆ¢!úõ ¢ƒyÓ˚ ~Ó˚ ôÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆäÈy›˛ â˛ú!â˛ ÏeÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ äÈye ÏîÓ˚ õ Ïïƒ õüy ÏîÓ˚ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ K˛y ÏòÓ˚

!ÓÑ˛yˆÏüÓ˚ ãòƒ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò–

~ãòƒ !ì˛!ò ~õò ¢õhfl˛Ï v z ôÑ˛Ó˚í Á ¢Ó˚Oyõ ≤Ãhfl% ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò ÎyˆÏì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚y ô%òÓ˚yÓ,!_

~ÓÇ !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ïyÓ˚íyÓ˚ ˛ô%ò!Ó≈ˆÏÓâ˛òyÓ˚ õyïƒˆÏõ v z=˛ !Ó°ÏˆÏÎ˚ x!ïÑ˛ì˛Ó˚ !üÖò x!¶˛K˛ì˛y úy¶˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

ì˛y£ Ïú ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛ £úÈÙÙÙÈ

● !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xyÓüƒÑ˛#Î˚ xÇüñ !ò!î≈T˛ Óy xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ õyòyAÑ˛ò

(assessment) !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ xfl˛ôT˛ì˛y î)Ó˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

● ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ¢Ω˛yÓƒ ¢õ¢ƒy Óy ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yãˆÏòÓ˚ v˛z ôˆÏÎyÜ# £ˆÏÓ–

¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !üÖò õyòyAÑ˛ ÏòÓ˚ xò%¢yÓ˚# £ ÏÓ–

● ˛ô) ÏÓ≈ ÓƒÓ£,ì˛˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !ÓÑ˛“ ˛ôÂï!ì˛Ó˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚£z Ñ˛yõƒ–

!ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛ ¢£yÎ˚Ñ˛ïõ≈# ~ÓÇ !üÖòÈÙÈˆÑ˛!wÑ˛ £ ÏÓ–

● ¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤ÃˆÏÎ˚yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏì˛ £ˆÏú ì˛y Ñ˛Öò£z ì˛yˆÏÑ˛

Ñœ yˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÑ˛ !Ó!FäÈß¨ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyˆÏÓ òyÈÙÙÙÈ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ì˛yÓ˚ !¶˛!_ˆÏì˛ Óƒ!=˛ fl ∫yì˛s˛fƒˆÏÑ˛ ÓãyÎ˚

ˆÓ˚ ÏÖ e%!›˛ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ÓƒÓfiÌy£z @˘Ã£í#Î˚–

● !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò ö˛úyö˛ú ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ xÓ!£ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ ~ÓÇ ≤Ã ÏÎ˚yã Ïò

¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÎ˚ ì˛y ÏîÓ˚ ÏÑ˛ ¢ÇÎ%=˛ Ñ˛Ó˚ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ–

11.6 Ó=˛Óƒ¢yÓ/¢yÓ¢Ç Ï«˛˛ô (Let us sum up)

˛~£z ~Ñ˛ ÏÑ˛ xy˛ôòyÓ˚y !üÖ Ïúò ˆÎ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ˆÓÔ!ÂïÑ˛ñ ¢yõy!ãÑ˛ ~ÓÇ Óƒ!=˛Üì˛ !ÓÑ˛y ÏüÓ˚

!òÎ!õì˛ñ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ ~ÓÇ ¢yõ!@˘ÃÑ˛ ì˛ÌƒyÓú# ≤Ãîyò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y !£¢yˆÏÓ xy˛ôòyˆÏîÓ˚ îy!Î˚c– õ)úƒyÎ˚ò

£ú ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !òõ≈y ÏíÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ üì≈ Ñ˛yÓ˚í ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓî Ïò õ)úƒyÎ˚ ÏòÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ ôyÓ˚î!ü≈ì˛yÓ˚

!Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ ≤ÃyÆ ì˛ ÏÌƒÓ˚ ¢ÇÓ˚«˛í Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ~Ó˚ xy ÏÜñ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò !òõ≈yíñ ~Ó˚ Ü%Ó%c ~ÓÇ ~£z ¢ÇÑ yhs˘˛

!Ó Ïü°Ï !Ó°ÏÎÜ%!ú Îy !ü«˛yÌ≈# Á ì˛y ÏîÓ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ÏîÓ ãyòy Ïòy îÓÑ˛yÓ ¢£z !Ó°Ï ÏÎ xyõÓy xy Ïúyâ˛òy

Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚!äÈ–

47

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xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛y £ú v zßì˛õy ÏòÓ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛ Ü%Ó%c˛ô)í≈ xÇü– ~Ó õyïƒ Ïõ

!ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ˚ !üÖò ¢õ¢ƒyÓ˚ x Ï Èª°Ïíñ ì˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyò ˆÑ˛Ôüú ~ÓÇ !üÖò î%Ó≈úì˛yÓ˚ Ñ˛yÓ˚íÜ%!ú Ö§% Ïã

ÓyÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ì˛yÓ˚ ¢õyïyò Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚ñ ~ ÏÑ˛£z Ó Ïú ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚y– xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛

x¶˛#«˛y ≤Ã!ì˛!Óïyòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛y ÏÑ˛£z !îÑ˛ !ò Ïî≈ü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ~Öy Ïò !ÓÑ˛“ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛“òy Á ì˛y

≤ÃíÎ˚ ÏíÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ !üÖò v zÍÑ˛°Ï≈ì˛y Ó,!ÂïÓ˚ ≤Ã Ïâ˛T˛y Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚– ˛ô!Ó˚ Ïü Ï°Ï xyõy ÏîÓ˚ xy Ïúy!â˛ì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚

!äÈú ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#Ó˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ v zîy£Ó˚í ≤Ãîyò–

11.7 xy˛ôòyÓ ˛ôy‡˛ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z ÏÎÓ ãòƒ ≤Ãî_ õ Ïv˛ú v z_Ó˛ (ModelAnswers to check your progress)

xy˛ôòyÓ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ1

v z_Ó˚ ı 1. (a) !ü«˛yÌ≈#ñ x!¶˛¶˛yÓÑ˛ ~ÓÇ !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ !üÖò ≤Ã!ì˛!Ñ Î˚y ≤Ãîyò (Providingfeedback)(b) v zß¨Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ãòƒ ¢yõÌ≈ƒ ~ÓÇ î%Ó≈úì˛yÓ˚ ˆ«˛e !òˆÏî≈ü Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚–

v z_Ó˚ ı 2. ˆÎ ˆÑ˛yò !ì˛ò!›˛Ó˚ Ü%Ó%c¢£ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó%ò–

v˛z_Ó˚ ı 3. !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ö˛y£zˆÏú ¢Ç@˘Ã£ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖy £Î˚ Óy ≤ÃyÌ!õÑ˛ ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛

ˆ˛ôy›≈˛ˆÏö˛y!úÁÓ˚ õˆÏïƒ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú# ¢ÇÓ˚!«˛ì˛ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yÖy £Î˚–

xy˛ôòyÓ˚ x@˘ÃÜ!ì˛ Îyâ˛y£z Ñ˛Ó%òÈÙÈ2v z_Ó˚ ı 1. ì˛Ìƒ!ú!˛ô (Relord) ~ÓÇ ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÓîò (Report)v z_Ó˚ ı 2. !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ !òãfl ∫ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#

v z_Ó ı 3. õyòyAÑ˛ò/õ)úƒyÎò (Assessment) Î ≤Ã!Ñ ÎyÓ õyïƒ Ïõ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ K˛yò (knowledge)–õˆÏòy¶˛yÓ (attitude), î«˛ì˛y (skill) ~ÓÇ !ÓŸªy Ï¢Ó˚ (belief) !Óâ˛yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ˆ◊!íÑ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ

ì˛y ÏÑ˛£z õyòyAÑ˛ò Ó Ïú–

xò%¢rïyòõ)úÑ˛ x¶˛#«˛yÎò (Investigating testing) : ~!›˛ !ü«˛yÌ≈# ÏîÓ ≤Ã Ïì˛ƒ ÏÑ˛Ó !üÖòÈÙÈx¢%!ÓïyÓ

xˆÏ^Èª°Ïí Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ õyïƒˆÏõ !üü%ˆÏîÓ˚ Óƒ!=˛ fl˛∫yì˛s˛fƒ Á ˛ô!Ó˚fl˛≥% ›˛ £Î˚–

11.8 ≤Ãhfl Ïy!Óì˛ ôy‡˛ƒ¢)!â˛ ~ÓÇ Óö˛y ÏÓ Ï™Ó ì˛y!úÑ˛y, @˘ÃrÌ˛ô!O˛ (SuggestedReading and References)

● Source Book Assessment for class I-IV (Environmental Studies, 2008) NCERT,New Delhi

● NCF 2005, National Council for Educational Research & Training, New Delhi

● EVS textbooks class III to V, NCERT

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D.El.Ed. 505

● www.ncert.nic.in/html/pdf/schoolcurriculum/ncfsc/ch4.pdf

● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_assessment

● http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001262/126231e.pdf

11.9 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ ü Ï°ÏÓ˚ ≤Ãî_ xò%ü#úò# (Unit-end exercises)

(1) ¢ÇˆÏüyïò õ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛í Ñ˛yˆÏÑ˛ ÓˆÏú⁄ ˆÑ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü!Óîƒy !ü«˛yÓ˚ ˆÑ˛yò

!Ó°ÏÎ˚ˆÏÑ˛/!ÌõˆÏÑ˛ ˆÑ˛w Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ¢ÇÜ!‡˛ì˛ ˆÑ˛yò ¢ÇˆÏüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛ˆÏíÓ˚ v zîy£Ó˚í¢£ Óí≈òy !îò–

(2) ïÓ˚y ÎyÑ˛ñ Ñ˛yò !ü«˛Ñ˛/!ü!«˛Ñ˛y ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò Î ôM˛õ ◊!íÓ˚ Ñ˛yò !ü«˛yÌ≈#Ó˚ Ñ˛yˆÏäÈ Ó,£_Ó˚

˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ïyÓ˚íy xfl˛ôT˛– SˆÎÖyˆÏò ≤Ã!ì˛ˆÏÓü# ~ÓÇ Ü,£˛ôy!úì˛ ˛ôü%ˆÏîÓ˚ˆÏÑ˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢î¢ƒ

õˆÏò Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚V– !ì˛!ò xyÓ˚Á ãyòˆÏì˛ ˛ôyÓ˚ˆÏúò ˆÎ !üü%!›˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ xò%ÈÙÈ˛ô!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ¢î¢ƒñ ˆÎÖyˆÏò

˛ô!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ ÓúˆÏì˛ ˆÎ !˛ôì˛yÈÙÈõyì˛yˆÏÑ˛£z ˆÓyˆÏG˛– !ì˛!ò xyÓ˚Á ú«˛ƒ Ñ˛Ó˚ˆÏúò ˆÎ ˆ◊!íˆÏì˛

¢£ˆÏÎy!Üì˛yõ)úÑ˛ îúÜì˛ Ñ˛yÎ≈yÓú#ˆÏì˛ !üü%!›˛ xÇü@˘Ã£í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ òy– ~Ó˚Ñ˛õ ˛ô!Ó˚!fiÌ!ì˛ˆÏì˛ xy˛ô!ò

!Ñ˛ ïÓ˚ ÏíÓ˚ ¢Ç Ïüyïòõ)úÑ˛ !ü«˛íÈÙÈ!üÖò ≤Ã!Ñ Î˚yÓ˚ ¢y£yÎƒ ˆò ÏÓò⁄

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D.El.Ed. Title 505-BLOCK 3====mooc.nios.ac.in/mooc/pluginfile.php?file=/13608/course...ˆòy›˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ˆÏÓü !ÓîƒyÎ˚ !üÖˆÏòÓ˚ õ)úƒyÎ˚ò 2 D.El.Ed. 505 ~Ñ˛Ñ˛ÈÈÈÙÙÙÈ9