Degree of Modernity in Pakistan

8/14/2019 Degree of Modernity in Pakistan

1/23

Hassan Ghalib

Hikmat Ullah

M. Uzair KhanM. Wali Kakar

Sheikh Abdul Waris

Syed Mohsin Shayan


2/23

Population, Urbanization, Per Capita Income(Shayan)

Life Expectancy, Literacy rate (Hikmat Ullah)

Growth rate / GDP / GNP (M. Wali)Resource Distribution/ Level of inequality

(Uzair)

Sectoral distribution: Labour and Resource

(Abdul Waris)Industrial/ Agricultural/Service sector (Hassan)


3/23

1947-2009


4/23

Pakistan's estimated population in July 2009 is180,800,000

By 2010 the population is expected to reach200,846,310

The population was 172,800,000 in July 2008

During 1950-2008, Pakistan's urban populationexpanded over sevenfold, while the total

population increased by over fourfold.Pakistan's national census was scheduled to

take place in 2008 now it has been delayed.


5/23

The majority of southern Pakistan's populationlives along the Indus River. Karachi is themost populous city in Pakistan.

In the northern half, most of the populationlives about an arc formed by the citiesof Faisalabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad,Gujranwala, Sialkot, Nowshera, Swabi, Mardanand Peshawar.


6/23

Population: 172,800,000 (July 2008 bestestimation)

Growth rate: 2.2% (2008 estimation)

Birth rate: 31 births/1,000 population (2008est.)

Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (2008est.)

Net migration rate: -1.0 migrant(s)/1,000population (2008 est.)


7/23

Historical populations

Census Population Urban

1951 33,816,000 17.80%

1961 42,978,000 22.46%

1972 65,321,000 25.40%

1981 84,254,000 28.28%

1998 130,580,000 32.51%

2008 172,800,000 32.34%


8/23

Age structure014 years: 42% (male 33,293,428; female 31,434,314)1564 years: 54.9% (male 48,214,298; female 46,062,933)65 years and over: 4.1% (male 3,256,065; female

3,542,522) (2006 est.)

Gender ratiosSex ratio at birth: 1.00 male(s)/femaleunder 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female1564 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)


9/23

Province Human DevelopmentIndex

Comparable Country

Medium human development

Punjab 0.670 Tajikistan

Sindh 0.628 India

NWFP 0.607 Solomon Islands

Balochistan 0.556 Ghana


10/23

1951-2009


11/23

Urbanization is a cyclical process through which a nationnormally passes as it evolves from an agrarian to anindustrial society involving three important aspects. Thesethree are:

Behavior

Structure and

Demography

while as a demographic phenomenon; urbanization is

interpreted as a process involving the absolute andrelative growth of towns and cities within a defined area


12/23

Urbanization refers to the process by which asection of people change from the way ofagricultural operations in rural living to anurban sub agricultural life with predominancein secondary and tertiary functions.

The current level of urbanization in Pakistan(32.5%) is not high by global standards. Thislevel, however, is the highest among theSAARC countries.


13/23


14/23

Beginning of urbanization in 1951

Industrial and commercial expansion in 1961

Migration of people 1972 to larger cities

Expenditure of provisional government 1980sDeclaration of 9 cities as million class in 2003


15/23

City* Population % of TotalUrban

Population

Figure 1.5: Urbanization Rate in Pakistan (1951-1998) fromCensuses

Karachi 9,339,023 21.7

Lahore 5,443,495 12.7

Faisalabad 2,008,861 4.7

Rawalpindi 1,409,768 3.3

Multan 1,197,384 2.8

Hyderabad 1,166,894 2.7

Gujranwala 1,132,509 2.6

Peshawar 982,816 2.3

Quetta 759,941 1.8

Islamabad 529,180 1.2

Sargodha 458,440 1.1

Sialkot 421,502 1


16/23

Historical populations

Census Population Urban

1951 33,816,000 17.80%

1961 42,978,000 22.46%

1972 65,321,000 25.40%

1981 84,254,000 28.28%

1998 130,580,000 32.51%

2008 172,800,000 32.34%


17/23

Rural Reasons

Rapid population growth

Political reasons

Feudal system in rural areas

Natural factor as draught or famine

Unemployment


18/23

Urban Reasons

Medical and educational facilities

Better transportationJob opportunities

Better living standards

Better ambiance


19/23


20/23

Pakistan was a very poor and predominantlyagricultural country when it gained independencein 1947 from Britain.

Pakistan's average economic growth rate since

independence has been higher than the averagegrowth rate of the world economy during theperiod

Average annual real GDP growth rates[12] were

6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% inthe 1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% inthe 1990s with significantly lower growth in thesecond half of that decade.


21/23

During the 1960s, Pakistan was seen as a modelof economic development around the world.

Later, economic mismanagement in general, andfiscally imprudent economic policies in particular,

caused a large increase in the country's publicdebt and led to slower growth in the 1990s.

Two wars with India in Second Kashmir War 1965and Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 and

separation of Bangladesh adversely affectedeconomic growth.


22/23

Year Gross Domestic

Product

US Dollar Exchange Inflation Index

(2000=100)

Per Capita Income

(as % of USA)

1960 20,058 4.76 PakistaniRupees

3.37


3.40


3.26


2.36


21 2.83


30 2.07

1990 1,029,093 21.41 Pakistani

Rupees

41 1.92

1995 2,268,461 30.62 PakistaniRupees

68 2.16


100 1.54


126 1.71


23/23

Documents

Degree of Modernity in Pakistan