Deacutefis de la formation du capital humain dans le

domaine de la santeacute dans les Pays agrave

ressources limiteacutees

F Castelli

G Sulis L Tomasoni S Caligaris

WHO Collaborating Center for TBHIV co-infection

and TB elimination strategy

Paris 19 novembre 2014

Societagrave Italiana di Medicina Tropicale e Salute Globale

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Le p

ers

on

ne

l de

san

teacute d

ans

le m

on

de

17 des medecins du

monde

35 du personnel de

santeacute du monde

La charge globale des maladies en Afrique = 27

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

De

nsi

teacute d

es

me

de

cin

s au

mo

nd

e1

00

00

0 p

op

httpwwwworldmapperorgdisplayphpselected=219

1 Cuba 640

2 Greece 604

3 Monaco 581

4 Belarus 487

5 Austria 475

6 Georgia 454

7 Russia env 440

8 Italy 424

9 Norway 408

10 Switzerland 407

helliphelliphelliphellip

helliphelliphelliphellip

27 France 349

helliphelliphelliphellip

160 Guinea 10

161 hellip

174 Mali 5

helliphelliphellip

183 Ethiopia 2

184 Niger 2

185 Malawi 2

186 Sierra Leone 2

187 Liberia 1

188 Tanzania 1

httpwwwindexmundicommapv=2226ampl=it

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Le p

ers

on

ne

l de

san

teacute d

ans

le m

on

de

17 des medecins du

monde

35 du personnel de

santeacute du monde

La charge globale des maladies en Afrique = 27

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

De

nsi

teacute d

es

me

de

cin

s au

mo

nd

e1

00

00

0 p

op

httpwwwworldmapperorgdisplayphpselected=219

1 Cuba 640

2 Greece 604

3 Monaco 581

4 Belarus 487

5 Austria 475

6 Georgia 454

7 Russia env 440

8 Italy 424

9 Norway 408

10 Switzerland 407

helliphelliphelliphellip

helliphelliphelliphellip

27 France 349

helliphelliphelliphellip

160 Guinea 10

161 hellip

174 Mali 5

helliphelliphellip

183 Ethiopia 2

184 Niger 2

185 Malawi 2

186 Sierra Leone 2

187 Liberia 1

188 Tanzania 1

httpwwwindexmundicommapv=2226ampl=it

Le p

ers

on

ne

l de

san

teacute d

ans

le m

on

de

17 des medecins du

monde

35 du personnel de

santeacute du monde

La charge globale des maladies en Afrique = 27

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

De

nsi

teacute d

es

me

de

cin

s au

mo

nd

e1

00

00

0 p

op

httpwwwworldmapperorgdisplayphpselected=219

1 Cuba 640

2 Greece 604

3 Monaco 581

4 Belarus 487

5 Austria 475

6 Georgia 454

7 Russia env 440

8 Italy 424

9 Norway 408

10 Switzerland 407

helliphelliphelliphellip

helliphelliphelliphellip

27 France 349

helliphelliphelliphellip

160 Guinea 10

161 hellip

174 Mali 5

helliphelliphellip

183 Ethiopia 2

184 Niger 2

185 Malawi 2

186 Sierra Leone 2

187 Liberia 1

188 Tanzania 1

httpwwwindexmundicommapv=2226ampl=it

De

nsi

teacute d

es

me

de

cin

s au

mo

nd

e1

00

00

0 p

op

httpwwwworldmapperorgdisplayphpselected=219

1 Cuba 640

2 Greece 604

3 Monaco 581

4 Belarus 487

5 Austria 475

6 Georgia 454

7 Russia env 440

8 Italy 424

9 Norway 408

10 Switzerland 407

helliphelliphelliphellip

helliphelliphelliphellip

27 France 349

helliphelliphelliphellip

160 Guinea 10

161 hellip

174 Mali 5

helliphelliphellip

183 Ethiopia 2

184 Niger 2

185 Malawi 2

186 Sierra Leone 2

187 Liberia 1

188 Tanzania 1

httpwwwindexmundicommapv=2226ampl=it

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Le p

ote

nti

el d

e f

orm

atio

n m

ed

ical

e p

er

Re

gio

n

(20

08

)

Source The Lancet 2010 3761923-1958 (DOI101016S0140-6736(10)61854-5)

Etudiants de meacutedecine immatriculeacutes en lrsquoAA 2013-14 en Italie 10000

Le p

ote

nti

el d

e f

orm

atio

n m

ed

ical

e p

er

Re

gio

n

(20

08

)

Source The Lancet 2010 3761923-1958 (DOI101016S0140-6736(10)61854-5)

Etudiants de meacutedecine immatriculeacutes en lrsquoAA 2013-14 en Italie 10000

Meacute

de

cin

s et

infi

rmiegrave

res

form

eacute agrave

lrsquoeacutet

ran

ger

et

trav

ailla

nt

dan

s le

s P

ays

de

lrsquoO

CD

E

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

bull Lors des 30 derniers anneacutees le nombre du personnel de santeacute eacutemigreacute est

augmenteacutes de plus que 5 par an dans plusieurs Pays europeacuteens

bull Dans les Pays de lrsquoOCDE environs 20 des meacutedecins sont eacutetrangers

Les

rais

on

s d

e lrsquo

eacutem

igra

tio

n s

anit

aire

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La d

istr

ibu

tio

n r

ura

le-u

rbai

ne

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

san

teacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Kaye et al 2010 (httpwwwrrhorgauarticlessubviewnewaspArticleID=1372)

Le c

ou

t d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el s

anit

aire

Temps neacutecessaire pour

reacutecupeacuterer lrsquoinvestissement

pour former les eacutetudiants

(Colombia 2000)

Cout de la formation

drsquoun medecin en Afrique

21000 ndash 58700 US$

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Benefit annuel

- 27 billion $ (UK)

- 846 million $ (USA)

La g

est

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e s

anteacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Les

rais

on

s d

e lrsquo

eacutem

igra

tio

n s

anit

aire

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La d

istr

ibu

tio

n r

ura

le-u

rbai

ne

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

san

teacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Kaye et al 2010 (httpwwwrrhorgauarticlessubviewnewaspArticleID=1372)

Le c

ou

t d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el s

anit

aire

Temps neacutecessaire pour

reacutecupeacuterer lrsquoinvestissement

pour former les eacutetudiants

(Colombia 2000)

Cout de la formation

drsquoun medecin en Afrique

21000 ndash 58700 US$

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Benefit annuel

- 27 billion $ (UK)

- 846 million $ (USA)

La g

est

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e s

anteacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

La d

istr

ibu

tio

n r

ura

le-u

rbai

ne

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

san

teacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Kaye et al 2010 (httpwwwrrhorgauarticlessubviewnewaspArticleID=1372)

Le c

ou

t d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el s

anit

aire

Temps neacutecessaire pour

reacutecupeacuterer lrsquoinvestissement

pour former les eacutetudiants

(Colombia 2000)

Cout de la formation

drsquoun medecin en Afrique

21000 ndash 58700 US$

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Benefit annuel

- 27 billion $ (UK)

- 846 million $ (USA)

La g

est

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e s

anteacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Le c

ou

t d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el s

anit

aire

Temps neacutecessaire pour

reacutecupeacuterer lrsquoinvestissement

pour former les eacutetudiants

(Colombia 2000)

Cout de la formation

drsquoun medecin en Afrique

21000 ndash 58700 US$

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

Benefit annuel

- 27 billion $ (UK)

- 846 million $ (USA)

La g

est

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e s

anteacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

La g

est

ion

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e s

anteacute

Source WHO 2006 httpwwwwhointwhr2006whr06_enpdf

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

La s

trat

egi

e d

e lrsquo

OM

S Health worker migration has been

increasing worldwide over the past

decades especially from lower income

countries with already fragile health

systems

The Code aims to establish and promote

voluntary principles and practices for the

ethical international recruitment of health

personnel and to facilitate the

strengthening of health systems

Member States should discourage active

recruitment of health personnel from

developing countries facing critical

shortages of health workers

The Code was designed by Member

States to serve as a continuous and

dynamic framework for global dialogue

and cooperation

httpwwwwhointhrhmigrationcodepracticeen

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Main results

Only one study was included This time series study assessed the migration of Philippine nurses to the United

States of America (USA) from 1954 to 1990 We re-analysed it as an interrupted time series study The

intervention was a modification of migratory law in the US called the rsquoAct of October 1965rsquo which decreased

the restrictions on Eastern hemisphere immigrants to the USA The analysis showed a significant immediate

increase of 8076 (95 confidence interval (CI) 4809 to 11343) in the number of nurses migrating to the USA

annually after the intervention This represents a relative increase of 5000 over the underlying pre-

intervention trend There were no significant differences in the slopes of the underlying trends for the number

of nurses migrating between the pre- and postintervention periods

Authorsrsquo conclusions

There is an important gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of policy interventions in either HICs or LMICs

that could regulate positively themovement of health professionals fromLMICs The only evidence found was

from an intervention in a HIC that increased the movement of health professionals from a LMIC New initiatives

to improve records on the migration of health professionals from LMICs should be implemented as a

prerequisite to conducting more rigorous research in the field This research should focus on whether the

range of interventions outlined in the literature could be effective in retaining health professionals in LMICs

Such interventions include financial rewards career development and continuing education improving hospital

infrastructure resource availability better hospital management and improved recognition of health

professionals

Enco

ura

ger

la r

eacutete

nti

on

du

pe

rso

nn

el d

e

la s

anteacute

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

httpwwwwhointhealthsystemstask_shifting_bookletpdf

First Global Conference on Task

Shifting Addis Ababa 2008

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

1 -

Tas

k sh

ifti

ng

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

2 -

Mid

-lev

el h

eal

th p

ers

on

nel

bull Liens avec la formation et les regravegles des meacutedecins

bull Curriculum national avec examen

bull Position deacutefinie parmi lrsquoeacutequipe de lrsquoHocircpital de District

bull Recrutement et formation aussi en milieu rural

bull Supervision par les meacutedecins

bull Service-based apprentissage

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Trop Med Int Health 2010 Dec15(12)1553-5

Per diems in Africa a counter-argument

Conteh L1 Kingori P

Abstract

An open and frank discussion about the extent and impact of per diems on the

functioning of health interventions systems and research is important While the

culture of per diemsrsquo can be associated with civil servants involved in health care

projects and delivery we suggest that a more balanced argument would be

presented if per diems were discussed in relation to macroeconomic and

structural influencesThis does not preclude examination in an African context but

it is a reminder that this issue is not inherently African All actors in global health

should be named and examined accordingly

Pe

r-d

iem

s b

on

ou

mau

vais

Enga

gem

ent

mu

ltis

ect

ori

el

httpwhqlibdocwhointhq2011WHO_HSS_HRH_HEP201101_engpdf

Re

spo

nsa

bili

teacute e

thiq

ue

et

soci

ale

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans le

domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du Nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

1 Partenariat pour

lrsquoeacuteducation meacutedicale

Les

10

peacute

cheacute

s d

es

Inst

itu

tio

ns

occ

ide

nta

les

1 Curriculum centreacute sur les besoins occidentaux

2 Attention limiteacutee agrave lrsquoapproche multidisciplinaire

3 Implication limiteacutee du systegraveme de santeacute et des

autoriteacutes eacuteconomiques locales

4 Attitude a former des meacutedecins speacutecialiseacutes au

lieu des meacutedecins de santeacute publique

5 Le contexte social et culturel nrsquoest souvent pas consideacutereacute

6 Peacuteriodes prolongeacutes de stage agrave lrsquoeacutetranger favorisant la fuite des

cerveaux

7 Focus sur des sujets speacutecifiques des recherche avec impact limiteacute sur

le outcome final de la formation

8 Motivations limiteacutees pour les enseignants locales

9 Deacuteseacutequilibre entre les enseignants du Nord et du Sud

10 Utilisation de mateacuteriel didactique sophistiqueacute (ie skill simulators)

Castelli F et al The challenge of training health personnel in resource limited settings JUNCO 2014 available at

httpwwwojsunitoitindexphpjunco

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Re

spo

nsa

bili

teacute e

thiq

ue

et

soci

ale

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans le

domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du Nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

1 Partenariat pour

lrsquoeacuteducation meacutedicale

Les

10

peacute

cheacute

s d

es

Inst

itu

tio

ns

occ

ide

nta

les

1 Curriculum centreacute sur les besoins occidentaux

2 Attention limiteacutee agrave lrsquoapproche multidisciplinaire

3 Implication limiteacutee du systegraveme de santeacute et des

autoriteacutes eacuteconomiques locales

4 Attitude a former des meacutedecins speacutecialiseacutes au

lieu des meacutedecins de santeacute publique

5 Le contexte social et culturel nrsquoest souvent pas consideacutereacute

6 Peacuteriodes prolongeacutes de stage agrave lrsquoeacutetranger favorisant la fuite des

cerveaux

7 Focus sur des sujets speacutecifiques des recherche avec impact limiteacute sur

le outcome final de la formation

8 Motivations limiteacutees pour les enseignants locales

9 Deacuteseacutequilibre entre les enseignants du Nord et du Sud

10 Utilisation de mateacuteriel didactique sophistiqueacute (ie skill simulators)

Castelli F et al The challenge of training health personnel in resource limited settings JUNCO 2014 available at

httpwwwojsunitoitindexphpjunco

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans le

domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du Nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

1 Partenariat pour

lrsquoeacuteducation meacutedicale

Les

10

peacute

cheacute

s d

es

Inst

itu

tio

ns

occ

ide

nta

les

1 Curriculum centreacute sur les besoins occidentaux

2 Attention limiteacutee agrave lrsquoapproche multidisciplinaire

3 Implication limiteacutee du systegraveme de santeacute et des

autoriteacutes eacuteconomiques locales

4 Attitude a former des meacutedecins speacutecialiseacutes au

lieu des meacutedecins de santeacute publique

5 Le contexte social et culturel nrsquoest souvent pas consideacutereacute

6 Peacuteriodes prolongeacutes de stage agrave lrsquoeacutetranger favorisant la fuite des

cerveaux

7 Focus sur des sujets speacutecifiques des recherche avec impact limiteacute sur

le outcome final de la formation

8 Motivations limiteacutees pour les enseignants locales

9 Deacuteseacutequilibre entre les enseignants du Nord et du Sud

10 Utilisation de mateacuteriel didactique sophistiqueacute (ie skill simulators)

Castelli F et al The challenge of training health personnel in resource limited settings JUNCO 2014 available at

httpwwwojsunitoitindexphpjunco

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

1 Partenariat pour

lrsquoeacuteducation meacutedicale

Les

10

peacute

cheacute

s d

es

Inst

itu

tio

ns

occ

ide

nta

les

1 Curriculum centreacute sur les besoins occidentaux

2 Attention limiteacutee agrave lrsquoapproche multidisciplinaire

3 Implication limiteacutee du systegraveme de santeacute et des

autoriteacutes eacuteconomiques locales

4 Attitude a former des meacutedecins speacutecialiseacutes au

lieu des meacutedecins de santeacute publique

5 Le contexte social et culturel nrsquoest souvent pas consideacutereacute

6 Peacuteriodes prolongeacutes de stage agrave lrsquoeacutetranger favorisant la fuite des

cerveaux

7 Focus sur des sujets speacutecifiques des recherche avec impact limiteacute sur

le outcome final de la formation

8 Motivations limiteacutees pour les enseignants locales

9 Deacuteseacutequilibre entre les enseignants du Nord et du Sud

10 Utilisation de mateacuteriel didactique sophistiqueacute (ie skill simulators)

Castelli F et al The challenge of training health personnel in resource limited settings JUNCO 2014 available at

httpwwwojsunitoitindexphpjunco

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Les

10

peacute

cheacute

s d

es

Inst

itu

tio

ns

occ

ide

nta

les

1 Curriculum centreacute sur les besoins occidentaux

2 Attention limiteacutee agrave lrsquoapproche multidisciplinaire

3 Implication limiteacutee du systegraveme de santeacute et des

autoriteacutes eacuteconomiques locales

4 Attitude a former des meacutedecins speacutecialiseacutes au

lieu des meacutedecins de santeacute publique

5 Le contexte social et culturel nrsquoest souvent pas consideacutereacute

6 Peacuteriodes prolongeacutes de stage agrave lrsquoeacutetranger favorisant la fuite des

cerveaux

7 Focus sur des sujets speacutecifiques des recherche avec impact limiteacute sur

le outcome final de la formation

8 Motivations limiteacutees pour les enseignants locales

9 Deacuteseacutequilibre entre les enseignants du Nord et du Sud

10 Utilisation de mateacuteriel didactique sophistiqueacute (ie skill simulators)

Castelli F et al The challenge of training health personnel in resource limited settings JUNCO 2014 available at

httpwwwojsunitoitindexphpjunco

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

2 Formation agrave distance C

om

me

nt

po

uvo

ns

no

us

con

trib

ue

r

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

3 Assistance dans le proceacutedures

de controcircle de qualiteacute et

drsquoeacutevaluation exteacuterieure

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Manabe et al Health Research Policy and Systems 2011 9 44

Co

mm

en

t p

ou

von

s n

ou

s co

ntr

ibu

er

4 Assistance dans la formation

des activiteacutes de recherche

indeacutependante

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Sommaire de la preacutesentation

Le cadre geacuteneacuteral

Les problegravemes et les besoins

Les deacutefis de la formation du capital humaine dans

le domaine de la santeacute

Comment les institutions de haute formation des

Pays du nord peuvent contribuer

Conclusions

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Co

ncl

usi

on

s bull Lrsquoaccegraves a la santeacute par millions drsquoindividus est limiteacute

par manque du personnel en particulier en milieu

rurale

bull Les possibiliteacute de formation du personnel de santeacute

par les institutions Acadeacutemiques dans les Pays a

bas ressources sont limiteacutees

bull Le personnel de santeacute est enclin agrave migrer agrave

lrsquoeacutetranger pour rechercher des condition des vie et

de travail meilleures

bull Plus drsquoefforts sont neacutecessaires pour mettre en place

des programmes eacuteducationnels qui visent au

besoins des populations locales

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Su

sta

ina

ble

dev

elo

pm

en

t g

oa

ls

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses

Re

me

rcie

me

nts

bull CHU Spedali Civili de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Silvio Caligaris MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

ndash Lina Tomasoni MD Specialist en Maladies Infectieuses

bull Universiteacute de Brescia (Italie)

ndash Giorgia Sulis MD Resident en Maladies Infectiuses