Definition of Green Hydrogen - European Commission

Project supported by the FCH JU The research leading to these results has received

funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n°633107 - Duration: 24 months (Nov 1st 2014 to October 30th 2016)

CertifHy– Developing a European Framework for the generation of guarantees of origin for green hydrogen Definition of Green Hydrogen

• Introduction

• Definition of green hydrogen – Criteria for a green H2 produced by GHG “virtuous”

plants – Renewable share: definition and illustrations – Application of the two GHG thresholds – Examples

• Q&A

Agenda

2

CertifHy will boost demand and supply of green hydrogen throughout Europe: by the creation of a market for green H2

3

• Objective: Define a widely acceptable definition of green hydrogen; and Determine how an EU wide robust GO scheme should be designed and implemented.

• Consortium

• Affiliated Partners

• Other Partners: Associations, NGO’s, Policy Makers,..

Step by step consultation process

“Supply green H2 where is not produced, improving the business case for green H2”

WP7: Project Management and Administration Project leader: Hinicio

WP1: Generic market

outlook for green hydrogen

Project leader: Hinicio

WP6: Stakeholder Engagement & Communication Project leader: Hinicio

WP2: Definition of “Green Hydrogen” Project leader: TÜV SÜD

WP3: Review of existing platforms for GO Project leader: ECN

WP4: Definition of a new framework of

guarantees of origin for "green" hydrogen

Project leader: TÜV SÜD

WP5: Roadmap for the implementation of an EU-

wide GO scheme for green hydrogen

Project leader: ECN

This presentation focusses on the achieved consensus of „definition of green hydrogen“.

Rationale of green H2

Lessons learnt from other initiatives

Common definition with all stakeholders

Robust + Transparent system

Buy – in Enabling implementation

4

• Introduction



• Q&A

Agenda

5

High Carbon H2

“Low carbon" defined as a 60% reduction compared to a BAT emission benchmark

6 * Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018

Renewable energy Non renewable energy

Low

-ca

rbon

Not

Low

-car

bon

Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2

Renewable & Low-Carbon H2

Non- Renewable & Low-Carbon H2

Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2 - 60%

Low-carbon threshold **

Benchmark: BAT*

High Carbon H2

As outcome of the consultation process, CertifHy addresses both Renewables and GHG emission targets of hydrogen users

7

Low-carbon threshold ** (= 36.4 g CO2 eq/MJH2 )

Benchmark: BAT* (= 91 g CO2 eq/MJH2)


Low

-ca

rbon

Not

Low

-car

bon


CertifHy Green H2

CertifHy Low Carbon H2

Non-Renewable & Not Low-Carbon H2

Non-CertifHy H2

- 60%

* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018

http://www.certifhy.eu/

High Carbon H2

Excessively high GHG emissions may exclude a plant from participating to the CertifHy GO scheme

8


Low

-ca

rbon

Not

Low

-car

bon



Non-CertifHy H2

- 60%

Producer potentially NOT eligible for GoO scheme ***

Producer eligible for GoO scheme



CertifHy Green H2

CertifHy Low Carbon H2

* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, >95% of the provided merchant H2 market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018 *** if GHG content of Non-CertifHy H2 production over the last 12 months is >91gCO2eq/MJ


The low carbon benchmark has been set at an ambitious level

9

Eligible pathways

A CO2 audit will tell you what's low carbon and what's not

10

• Introduction



• Q&A

Agenda

11

Production may disqualify plant from producing CertifHy GO’s

High Carbon H2

Need to define the amount of Renewable Hydrogen produced by a process using multiple energy inputs

12


Low

-ca

rbon

Not

Low

-car

bon


Renewable & Low-Carbon H2 = CertifHy Green H2

Non- Renewable & Low-Carbon H2

= CertifHy LC H2


Non-CertifHy H2

- 60%

Producer potentially NOT eligible for GoO scheme

Producer eligible for GoO scheme



* Best Available Technology = Natural gas steam methane reforming, = >95% of the provided merchant hydrogen market ** cfr RED reduction requirement for biofuels in 2018


Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production

Hydrogen production

Electricity input 10 GJ

Biomass input 20 GJ

13

Total energy input : 30 GJ

Renewable *: 20 GJ Non-renewable: 7 GJ

Renewable *: 3 GJ

Renewable: 23 GJ

Non-renewable: 7 GJ 23%

77%

Renewable H2

77%

Non-renewable H2

23%

* Via GO or direct feedstaock

Electrolysis – Direct Connection with Renewable Energy

Electrolysis – Grid Connected: EU mix + RE

Input Output

100% Renewable Wind, PV, .. 100% Renewable H2

Input Output

60% Renewable (Wind, PV, Green elec GoO…)

60% Renewable H2

40% EU Mix

Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production – example Electrolysis

14

Bio-methane from biowaste and Natural Gas

Input Output

81% biowaste 81% renewable H2

19% non renewable heat

Input Output

60% bio-methane from bio-waste

60% renewable H2

40% natural gas

On-Site SMR

Renewable hydrogen will be as green as the energy used for its production – example Steam Methane Reforming

Central SMR

Biogas from bio-waste with non-renewable heat

Bio-waste to biogas Bio-methane from bio waste Natural gas

15

• Introduction



• Annexes

Agenda

16

Application of Benchmark threshold on Past Production of the Hydrogen Plant

Time t2 t2 – 12 months

H2 Production

12 months

t1

Average GHG intensity since t2-12 months of Non-CertifHy H2

must not exceed 91 gCO2/MJH2

Past Production

H2 with Green GO

H2 with LC GO

Non CertifHy H2

< 91 gCO2/MJH2 ?

17

At the batch level, hydrogen needs to be Low Carbon for producing CertifHy Green or Low-Carbon GOs

Time t2 t2 – 12 mths

H2 Production

12 months

t1

Production Batch

Non-renewable share

Renewable share

CertifHy Low Carbon H2 GOs

CertifHy Green H2 GOs

Average GHG intensity since t2-12 months of Non-CertifHy H2

must not exceed 91 gCO2/MJH2

Past Production

H2 with Green GO

H2 with LC GO

Non CertifHy H2

< 91 gCO2/MJH2 ?

Average GHG intensity of H2 covered by a CertifHy GO must not exceed 36.4 gCO2/MJH2

< 36.5 gCO2/MJH2 ?

< 36.5 gCO2/MJH2 ?

19

Decision tree presenting the criteria for producing Low-Carbon and CertifHy Green H2

Average emissions of Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ (benchmark)?

Batch emissions < 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ

(40% of benchm.)?

100% Non- renew. batch

X% renew. and (1-X%) non-renew. shares

No CertifHy green or low carbon GO

Yes No

Yes No

Renewable energy input into batch?

100% Non-CertifHy H2

Yes No

100% Low-carbon H2

Renewable share emissions

< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

Yes No

X% Non-CertifHy H2

X% Green H2

Non-renewable share emissions

< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Non-CertifHy H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

19

• Introduction



• Benefits expected of green H2 GoO

• Q&A

Agenda

20

Electrolysis with different energy mixes as energy input (1/5)

Average emissions of past Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ

(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?


60% renewable and 40% non-renew. shares

No CertifHy green or low carbon GoO

Yes No

Yes No


No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No

60% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

21

Electrolyser

60%

40% EU electricity mix *


60% Non-CertifHy H2

40% Non-CertifHy H2

* GHG content as disclosed by electricity supplier’s mix



(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No



No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No

60% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

22

Electrolyser

50%

50% EU electricity mix *

40% Non-CertifHy H2

60% Non-CertifHy H2


Depending on the non-renewable energy source used, a minimum amount of Renewable Energy may be needed to keep GHG intensity of non-CertifHy H2 of the plant below benchmark

Note: PV and Wind are assumed to have zero GHG intensity 23

0% 10% ... 50% 60% 70% 80%EU Mix 217,1 217,1 195,4 ... 108,6 86,8 65,1 43,4Coal 423,7 423,7 381,3 ... 211,9 169,5 127,1 84,7Natural gas 191,5 191,5 172,4 ... 95,8 76,6 57,5 38,3Nuclear 7,5 7,5 6,8 ... 3,8 3,0 2,3 1,5Specific mix 50,0 50,0 45,0 ... 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0Red : facility is NOT allowed to produce H2 with a CertifHy GoO

Carbon intensity (gCO2/MJH2) of "Non-CertifHy H2" in function of the electricity mix used With inclusion of a renewable shareWithout inclusion of a

renewable share

Not Elegible to produce Low Carbon or CertifHy Green H2

Minimum renewable share required in Non-CertifHy H2 for maintaining eligibility to produce CertifHy H2

EU Mix 217,1 58,1%Coal 423,7 78,5%Natural gas 191,5 52,5%Nuclear 7,5 0,0%Specific mix 50,0 0,0%

Min. renewable share required

emissions (gCO2/MJH2)

Non-renew.origin

CertifHy Green hydrogen process example - electrolysis (3/5)


(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No X%

Non-CertifHy H2

30% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

50% Non-CertifHy

H2

70% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

24

Electrolyser

No Yes

30%

11%

76%

6%7%

hydraulic

nuclear

fossil fuels

other renewables

70% French electricity mix *




(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

Yes No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

Yes No X%

Non-CertifHy H2

X% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

25

Electrolyser

11%

76%

6%7%

hydraulic

nuclear

fossil fuels

other renewables





(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?


30% renew. and 70% non-renew. shares


Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

Yes No

70% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

Yes No 30%

Non-CertifHy H2

X% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Non-CertifHy

H2

Yes No

26

Electrolyser

No Yes

Yes No

70% Low-carbon H2

30% Renewable Electricity from waste wood

11%

76%

6%7%

hydraulic

nuclear

fossil fuels

other renewables



Central Steam Methane Reforming (1/3)


(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No X%

Non-CertifHy H2

25% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

75% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

27

Central SMR

25% bio-methane from bio-waste

75% natural gas

Central Steam Methane Reforming (2/3)


(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No 25%

Non-CertifHy H2

25% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

75% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

28

No

Central SMR

25% bio-methane from corn

75% natural gas

Central Steam Methane Reforming (3/3) – with CCS

Central SMR Average emissions of past

Non-CertifHy H2 <91gCO2 eq/MJ (benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

Yes No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

Yes No X%

Non-CertifHy H2

X% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

1-X% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

29

CCS

100% natural gas

On-site SMR (1/2) with bio-gas from bio-waste and non-renewable heat

81%


(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?




Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No X%

Non-CertifHy H2

81% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

19% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

30

On-site SMR 19%

Non-renewable heat

On-site SMR (2/2) with bio-gas from corn and non-renewable heat


(benchmark)?


(40% of benchm.)?


80% renewable and20 non-renew. shares


Yes No

Yes No


100% Non-CertifHy

H2

No

100% Low-carbon H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

No 80%

Non-CertifHy H2

25% Green H2


< 36,4gCO2 eq/MJ ?

20% Non-CertifHy

H2

1-X% Low-carbon H2

Yes No

Yes

Yes

31

No

On-site SMR

80%

20%

Non-renewable heat

Q&A 32

Documents

Definition of Green Hydrogen - European Commission