8/12/2019 Defining Applied Linguistics

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Defining Applied linguistics (AL) is not an easy job because , as Vivian Cook

remarks : Applied linguistics means many t!ings to many people" ( Cook #$$%)& 'ne

can not say t!at my definition is t!e biggest umbrella" t!at is capable of covering allt!e most general aspects& n fact, t!ere !ave been many definitions and viepoints of

AL, but in t!is assignment ould like to talk about one viepoint : Applied

linguistics is not a discipline, !ic! e*ists on its on& t is influenced by ot!er

disciplines and influences t!em as ell& t is a to+ay process& or t!is reason,

applied linguistics e*amines t!eories from all sorts of different areas (semantics,

synta*, pragmatics, sociolinguistics,-) and from all sorts of perspectives so t!at it

!elp find out effective solutions for language +related issues suc! as teac!ing

met!odology (including foreign language and mot!er tongue teac!ing), translation,

ap!asia,-

ould propose reasons to prove t!at agree to every point of t!is vie&

Applied linguistics is not a discipline, !ic! e*ists on its on& t is influenced by

ot!er disciplines and influences t!em as ell& t is a to+ay process&

t is essential t!at e understand !at linguistics" is before mastering t!e term

Applied linguistics"& According to Longman Dictionary of Language .eac!ing /

Applied Linguistics ne edition" by 0ack C&1ic!ards, 0o!n 2latt and 3eidi 2latt,

linguistics is t!e study of language as a system of !uman

communication--&&Linguistics no covers a ide field it! different approac!es

and different areas of investigation, for e*ample sound systems ( 23'45.C6,

23'4'L'78), sentence structure ( 684.A9) and meaning systems

( 65A4.C6, 21A7A.C6, ;4C.'46 ' LA47;A75)"

.!erefore, by components of language, linguistics is composed of many divisions& n

t!e to+ay process", linguistics t!eory plays a very important part in applied

linguistics as linguistics e*amines t!eories from all sorts of different areas"&

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

2!onetics is a branc! of linguisticst!at comprises t!e study of t!e soundsof

!uman speec!, oration of

sounds in languages& t !as traditionally focused largely on study of t!esystemsofp!onemesin particularlanguages, but it may also cover any linguistic analysiseit!er

at a level beneat! t!e ord (including syllable, onset and r!yme, articulatory gestures,

articulatory features, etc&) or at all levels of language !ere soundis considered to be

structured for conveying linguistic meaning& 2!onology also includes t!e study of

e=uivalent organi>ational systems in sign languages&

.!e ord p!onology can also refer to t!e p!onological system (sound system) of a

given language& .!is is one of t!e fundamental systems !ic! a language is

considered to comprise, like itssynta*and its vocabulary&

2!onology is often distinguis!ed fromp!onetics& ?!ile p!onetics concerns t!ep!ysical production, acoustic transmission andperceptionof t!e sounds of

speec!, p!onology describes t!e ay sounds function it!in a given language or

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable_rimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_meaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabularyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable_rimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_meaninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabularyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics

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across languages to encode meaning& n ot!er ords, p!onetics belongs to descriptive

linguistics, and p!onology to t!eoretical linguistics& 4ote t!at t!is distinction as not

alays made, particularly before t!e development of t!e modern conceptofp!onemein t!e mid #$t! century& 6ome subfields of modern p!onology !ave a

crossover it! p!onetics in descriptive disciplines suc!

aspsyc!olinguisticsand speec! perception, resulting in specific areas like articulatory

p!onology or laboratory p!onology&

n linguistics, synta* is defined by 4oam C!omsky as @t!e study of t!e principles and

processes by !ic!sentencesare constructed in particular languages@&

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_perceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_phonologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycholinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_perceptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_phonologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language