Deep Seawater Cooling and Air Conditioning -Practice how to accelerate real project

in Small Island Countries-

Renewable Energy Roadmap for the Republic of Maldives

Final Workshop, 17 September 2015, Maldives

Masanori KOBAYASHI New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

NEDO’s R&D led to the creation of the solar cell market

NEDO's project leader is a Nobel Prize winner!

Development of advanced LED

What is NEDO?

NEDO is Japan’s largest public R&D management organization NEDO has engaged in technology development, demonstration projects and system improvement in order to

address energy and global environmental problems and enhance industrial technology

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Contents

1. About Deep Seawater 2. Deep Seawater for Air Conditioning 3. Points to Consider Using Deep Seawater 4. Multi Stage Deep Seawater Usage 5. Actual Cases in Japan 6. Potential Role of Deep Seawater in Small

Island Countries 7. Concept of Expecting Project in Maldives

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1. About Deep Seawater①

Seawater deeper than “compensation depth” where respiration and photosynthesis of lives are balanced Generally, deeper than approx. 200m

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Greenland

North Atlantic

Pacific Ocean

(Reference: Hitachi, Akita university, Japan) 4

1. About Deep Seawater②

1. Stable Low Temperature

• Cooler and stable temperature than surface seawater all year around

2. Cleanliness

• Extremely small amount of organic compounds and micro organism

3. Rich Nutrients

• Organic compounds are resolved while they precipitate to the deep sea and changed into inorganic nutrients

4. Sustainability

• Sustainable resource continuously supplied from the polar region

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2. Deep Seawater for Air Conditioning①

Conventional system System using deep seawater

Deep seawater

Condensing water

Chilled water

Water-cooled chiller

Heat exchanger

Air-cooled chiller

Chiller plant Air-conditioning

Chilled water

(Reference: Hitachi)

Conventional air conditioning systems creates chilled water using refrigeration systems. Instead, by drawing deep seawater and running it through a heat exchanger can create chilled water with

much less energy consumption and no use of refrigerant such as CFC, HCFC, HFC.

Deep sea-

appr

ox.

1 , 0

0 0

m Pumping plant

Intake pipe water

Chilled water

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2. Deep Seawater for Air Conditioning②

Reduction of GHG

Emission

Mitigation of Climate

Change

Suppression of Ocean

Temperature Rise

Protection of Marine

Resources

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Evaluation of site, climate and cooling demand is necessary in order to secure profitability of an air conditioning system using deep seawater

3. Points to Consider Using Deep Sea Water①

• Large constant load is necessary to achieve high energy and economic efficiency

Cooling Load

• Higher the electricity price easier to secure profitability Electricity Price

• Intake piping work is the most costly part and geographical features such as steep sea basins are less costly

Seabed Topography

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3. Points to Consider Using Deep Sea Water②

An air conditioning system using deep seawater itself should be planned and designed to be profitable But to make a more feasible business model, all of the features of deep seawater should be taken into account and use the deep seawater step by step for many different applications This can offset the cost of initial pipeline investment which usually is the most costly part

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3. Points to Consider Using Deep Sea Water③

• Air conditioning • Cooling • Ocean thermal energy

conversion (OTEC)

• Bottled water • Foods (salt, bread…) • Cosmetics (toner, shampoo…) • Fishery (aquaculture, washing) • Leisure (taraso-therapy, spa) • Medical treatment

Stable Low Temperature

Sustainability

Cleanliness

Rich Nutrients

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4. Multi-stage Deep Seawater Usage①

(Reference: Hitachi)

Air-conditioning

Chilled water

Chilled water

Chilled water

Cold storage

thalassotherapy

Deep seawater

Freshwater

・tourism ・medical use

・export ・consumption in resorts

・energy conservation ・GHG reduction

Bottled water industry

Green house

Chilled water

Deep seawater

Deep sea-

appr

ox 1

, 0

0 0 m

Pumping plant

Intake pipe water

Chiller plant

Deep seawater

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4. Multi-stage Deep Seawater Usage②

• Electricity saving of air-conditioning system • Running cost reduction of desalination • Reduction of maintenance for power generator • Reduction of CO2 emission

Energy conservation

• Image improvement by introducing an eco-friendly system

Image advertising

• Raw material for new industries such as food, beverages, seasonings, cosmetics and thalassotherapy

New industry

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Trade mark

A deep seawater cooling system is installed in a rice package factory The deep seawater temperature goes up from 5 ℃ to 18 ℃ going through the cooling system, which is just the right temperature for abalone culture The "Deep Sea Water" trademark was created for various products made using the deep seawater of Toyama

5. Actual Cases in Japan① – Nyuzen Toyama 13

Deep Seawater utilized for cooling

Rice package factory

18℃ 5℃

Abalone culture system

Warmed deep seawater used for culture

18℃

Intake pumping room

Intake of Deep Seawater

5℃

Ｉｎｔａｋｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ

(Reference: Hitachi, PR document of Nyuzen City, Toyama Pref.) 13

14 5. Actual Cases in Japan② – Kumejima Okinawa

The deep seawater pumped for use at an OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) power plant is used for many different applications An air conditioning system using the cold post-OTEC sea water is installed at the Deep Sea Water Research Institute Also various products are made using the deep sea water

Reference: http://otecokinawa.com/en/OTEC/WaterUse.html 14

6. Potential Role of Deep Seawater in Small Island Countries①

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More than 100 cities in 20 countries are expected as potential sites for deep seawater cooling system Up to 1 million t-CO2/year of total GHG emission reduction is expected at those potential sites

(Reference: Hitachi)

6. Potential Role of Deep Seawater in Small Island Countries②

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There is high possibility of having a profitable business model using deep seawater for air conditioning in Small Island Countries The important point is to study in detail and plan an overall business model utilizing deep seawater in multiple ways that is economically feasible, sustainable and friendly to the environment Business models using deep seawater has a high potential to contribute to mitigation of climate change, improve the image of local tourism and creation of new industries in Small Island Countries

7. Concept of Expecting Project in Maldives①

Bottled water Fishery

Desalination plant

Chilled water

Tap water

Raw water

District cooling plant

1. District cooling services

Data center Office building

2. Seawater desalination

3. Industrial promotion

Intake plant

Deep seawater 800m

Tourism

Concept of the system Eco-friendly chilled water and drinking water distribution infrastructure that utilizes the features of Deep Seawater effectually.

60%*1 Reduction

20%*2

Reduction

Industrial promotion

*1: In-company estimation. Compare with typical A/C system. *2: In-company estimation. Compare with typical surface seawater. A/C： Air-conditioning

Power Consumption

for A/C

Pre-treatment cost of desalination

System benefits 1. Electricity conservation on A/C

2. Simplified treatment in Seawater desalination

3. Industrial promotion

Huge power is not necessary for deep seawater intake.

Deep seawater comes up automatically.

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1. Deep and steep seabed

2. Tropical climate

3. High electricity tariff

4. Environmental policies

5. Existing local water management entity

Why in Maldives? Maldives is one of the best location for the system.

MWSC (Male’ Water and Sewerage Co.)

Short distance to deep seawater intake point.

Stable cooling demand through a year.

Carbon neutral nation by 2020.

Large running cost reduction by energy conservation.

North Male Atoll

South Male Atoll

Bodugiri

GulhiFalhu Villingili

Hulhumale

Male

Vaadhu Channel

-300

m

-120

0m

-220

0m

-300m -300

m

-300m

©2010 Google

Seabed topography around Male’

Malé

7. Concept of Expecting Project in Maldives②

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cooperative project in Maldives has been founded and commercializing with supporting by METI from 2010.

JCM: Joint Crediting Mechanism METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Project commercialization

2010 2011 2012

“New Airport Terminal” & “Hulhumale’ Industrial Area”

were pointed as JCM cooperative project.

Formation of project member, financing & contract discussion for project,

“New airport terminal”

JCM cooperative project

Preparation for JCM

Basic data collection (Energy, Climate, air-

conditioning facilities…)

Preparation of MRV methodology for project

Introduction of JCM

to Maldives

Project finding Project composition

Aiming at real project under the bilateral partnership on low carbon growth between the Maldives and Japan( JCM framework ).

2015

Stand-by the Feasibility study for Real Project

7. Concept of Expecting Project in Maldives③

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<Reference>

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Basic concept of the JCM

Bilateral Document on “Low Carbon Growth Partnership” between the Maldivian Side and Japanese Side, signed in Okinawa, Japan on 29th June 2013.

*

JCM: Joint Crediting Mechanism MRV: Measurement Reporting Verification

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Project Preparation

Continuation of Project

GHG

Emission Survey

Implementing MRV

Verification

Activity Flow of JCM Demonstration and Verification Project

(Requesting issuance of Credit)

Registration

Development of PDD

/Monitoring Plan

Validation

MRV Methodology

Design, Manufacturing, Procurement Transport, Construction, Installation

Operation Judgment of viability of Project Consideration

of dissemination

JCM Project

JCM Demonstration & Verification Project

Demonstration

JCM Procedure

Verification

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<Reference>

Thank you for your kind attention!

Masanori KOBAYASHI Director JCM/BOCM Group Kyoto Mechanisms Promotion Department New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Email : kobayashimsn nedo.go.jp

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