• • 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• – 

• – 

• – 

• – 

• – 

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000 19

63

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

MSP - Elm Population

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

Total Trees Removed - DED Impact on Minneapolis Elms 1971-2003

Newest Management

•  Sanitation •  prompt detection and removal of diseased elms

•  Isolation –  disruption of transmission through common roots

•  Tracing –  physically cutting out the infected portions

•  Protection –  protection of valuable elms through proper injection

procedures

16

Removal of Dying Elms One elm can produce thousands of diseased beetles

CANNOT

•  Determine entry point and follow the disease down by opening small windows in the bark

•  Staining is usually 5-10 feet in front of the fungus

•  When the disease stain ends, continue the pattern an additional 10 feet.

21

First ever traced tree 1989

It worked – but we caused more injury than necessary

• 

• 

23

Dutch Elm Disease Research

• • • • 

• • 

• • • • 

• 

• 

• • 

• • 

IInspect the tree

•  Inspect tree thoroughly for disease

•  Macro-infusion does not

protect against root grafts

•  Always notify your supervisor or scheduler if symptoms of disease are present

Inspect the tree •  Note any health issues the

tree may have

•  Look for signs of decay in the root collar area – if present do not treat

•  Begin Filling Reservoir with

water and determine dosing

IInspect the tree

• 

• 

IInspect the tree

Red (Slippery) Elm American Elm

Excavate and clean root flares

•  Macro-infusion must be done 8-10 inches below the top of the root flares for 3 reasons:

2. Faster wound closure than trunk tissue

1. Superior lateral movement of the chemical

3. Greater surface area for tee placement

EExcavate and clean root flares

Use a shovel to remove sod and soil without damage to the root flares

UUse a trowel and brush to clean off soil clinging to the root flares

DDrilling the holes

• 

• 

DDrilling the holes

•  Drill perpendicular to the root flare surface

•  Drill one inch past the bark into the xylem

•  Don’t spin the bit in the holes

DDrilling the holes

•  Do not drill into or below dead tissue

•  Do not drill into deep valleys or sunken areas

•  Holes spaced 4-6” apart

Macro-infusion: Drilling the injection sites

IInsert Tees

•  Check all T’s for plugging- Clean with wire if plugged

•  Insert all T’s DON’T PUSH TOO DEEP!

•  Tap lightly with small mallet if

needed

Macro-infusion: Starting the infusion

•  Attach Feeder Tubes to Harness on opposite sides

•  IMPORTANT: this results in even pressure in the line

•  Pull 2 tees that are on opposite sides of the tree

•  Turn on pump and bleed the air out of the line

BBegin Infusion

•  When no air bubbles are visible in the line

•  Re-insert T’s •  Pump should be at

15-20 psi

MMixing the chemicals

•  Follow dosing guides determined during tree inspection and refer to application guide

Mixing the chemicals AArbotect does not mix well with hard or high pH water

•  Run the water through a deionizer •  Mix a white small amount with water in a clear cup •  If a precipitate forms:

–  Add muriatic acid to the solution at 1 oz. Per 6 gallons of water.

MMonitor Infusion

•  Check for leaks •  Maintain pressure at 15-20 psi •  Begin putting away other equipment •  Should take 45-60 minutes

• 

MMonitor Infusion

CClean-up

•  Remove T’s

•  Do not put waxes, putties, wooden plugs or any other substances into the holes

•  Replace soil and sod

•  All can go into 30-galtrash can